Casio PB-1000 emulator

The program emulates the HD61700 microprocessor and uses the ROM dump from the
original calculator, therefore it should function almost exactly like the real one.
It works on PC-compatible machines with Microsoft Windows operating system.

The main purpose of creating this program was the verification of the correctness of the
reconstructed processor's internal ROM image, and to have a tool helping by the
analysis of the ROM disassembly.

Files to download
Program version 40, updated 2010/07/31

pb1000es.zip - Delphi sources, file size: 81kB

pb1000em.zip - compiled executable, file size: 250kB

Usage: extract the files into an empty directory, then run the program Pb1000.exe

pb1000ej.zip - Japanese version, file size: 33kB

Usage: Replace the files Rom1.bin and Face.bmp in the directory where the program
was installed.

The screenshots
Usage hints
• Following files contain the memory images, and are loaded when the program is
started:
• rom0.bin - processor's internal 6kB ROM
• rom1.bin - external 32kB ROM
• chr.bin - LCD controller's internal character ROM of size
1.5kB
• ram0.bin - on-board 8kB RAM
ram1.bin - 32kB RAM in the expansion module

• The updated ram0.bin and ram1.bin files are saved when the program is
terminated. If they weren't found, they will be created. In such case the memory
has to be initialised with the New All button.
• The emulator can be operated with the mouse or the keyboard. Special function
keys:
• Cursor keys: corresponding membrane keys
• Ctrl: [F]
• Page Up: SHIFT
• Page Down: CAPS
• Esc: BRK
• Insert: INS
• Delete: DEL
• Backspace: BS
• Enter: EXE
 F10: suspends the code execution and opens the
debugger window

To press two keys simultaneously, both the PC keyboard and the mouse must be
used. For example to type the ANGLE keyword either click on the [F] key on
the screen and press the L on the PC keyboard, or hold the Ctrl key on the PC
keyboard and click on the L key on the screen.

• A mouse click on the LCD area simulates the touch-screen function.

• The application can be closed by clicking on the cover lock on the upper-right
edge of the form.

Integrated debugger
Disassembly box

• On entry, the starting address matches the Program Counter, but it can be
modified by clicking on the address in the first line. New value must be
confirmed with Enter.

Hex Editor box

• The HEX box allows viewing/changing the RAM contents only.

• It is possible to modify the starting address and the RAM contents by clicking
on them. Enter accepts the changes.

Registers box

• The contents of the registers can be modified by clicking on them. Enter accepts
the changes.
• The top line in the register box shows the state of the upper four bits of the Flag
register. They can be modified as well.

Main register file box

• The contents of the registers can be modified by clicking on them. Enter accepts
the changes.

Program execution control

• Closing the debugger windows resumes the program execution without tracing.
• Pressing the button [Run] in the Single step group box executes a single
machine code instruction without servicing of the interrupts.
• To execute a specified number of machine code instructions type the required
value to the field in the Number of steps group box, then press the associated
[Run] button.
• The Breakpoint group box allows to specify condition that determine when the
program execution should be interrupted. Currently it only compares the
 Breakpoint Address typed in the field with the Program Counter. When they
match, the program execution is stopped and the debugger window reappears.

The Pb1000.ini file

Some parameters of the emulator can be customised by editing the Pb1000.ini file with
any text editor.
Description of the contents of this file:

OscFreq=910
This setting specifies the emulated CPU clock frequency in kHz.
OptionCode=255
This setting specifies the Option Code of the interface unit. The value should be
either 255 (for stand-alone operation without any peripheral devices) or 85 (to
be used with the MD-100 Floppy Disk Drive emulator).
Address=127.0.0.1
This setting specifies the IP address of the FDD server host, usually of the local
computer.
Port=7420
This setting specifies the port on the FDD server that the emulated calculator
will connect to.

Uninstalling
To uninstall the emulator, simply delete the directory where it was installed. The
program doesn't modify anything outside its installation directory.

Acknowledgments
• The program includes a freeware component ThreadedTimer developed by
Carlos Barbosa.

Known limitations and issues of the current version

• The sound isn't supported yet.
• Limited LCD controller emulation.
Supported LCD commands: 1 (only reading of the data RAM), 2, 3, 8 (only
character width setting), B, D.
• Countless bugs may still lurk in the rom0.bin memory image.

Conversion utilities
pb1000et.zip - file size: 26kB, sources and executables, DOS and Windows (in a DOS
window)

RAMTRANS
This utility transfers files between the PC and the ramdisk area of the RAM image used
by the emulator.

Usage: ramtrans.exe [-n] <command> <options> <parameters>

• The program needs to be placed in the same directory as the RAM image files
ram0.bin and ram1.bin
• The ramdisk filenames are eight characters long plus three characters for a file
extension. They are case sensitive and can contain characters not allowed on the
PC.

Command overview

dir <options> <ramdisk-pattern>

Displays a list of the files in the ramdisk directory. If the pattern is specified,
only files matching the pattern will be shown. Examples:
- list all files: ramtrans dir
- list only selected files: ramtrans dir *.BAS

type <options> <ramdisk-file>

Displays the contents of a file either as hex dump or a text, depending on the file
type (binary or ASCII). BASIC programs can be decoded from their internal,
tokenized form. Examples:
- decoded BASIC program TEST.BAS: ramtrans type -a TEST.BAS
- hex dump of all files with an extension .BIN: ramtrans type -b *.BIN

get <options> <ramdisk-file> [<pc-file>]

Copies a single file from the ramdisk to the PC. If the PC file name is not
specified, the copied file is given the original name. Examples:
- single file PI.BAS: ramtrans get -i pi.bas
- tokenized BASIC program PI.BAS as plain text: ramtrans get -a -i
pi.bas pi.txt

mget <options> <ramdisk-pattern>

Copies multiple files from the ramdisk to the PC. Examples:
- multiple files to the local directory: ramtrans mget P*.BAS
- multiple files to a specified PC directory (after the -d option): ramtrans.exe
mget -d c:\windows\temp\ *.BIN

put <options> <pc-file> [<ramdisk-file>]

Copies a single file from the PC to the ramdisk. If the destination file name is
not specified, the copied file is given the original name. The file type should be
set with the -t option, otherwise the program tries to guess it from the extension.
Example:
- option -u changes the destination name to upper case: ramtrans put -u
pi.asc

mput <options> <pc-files>

Similar to put, but copies multiple files.
del <options> <ramdisk-pattern>
Deletes files on the ramdisk.

ren <options> <ramdisk-file> <new-name>

Renames files on the ramdisk.

Options overview

-i
Ignore the case of ramdisk file(s).

-l
Make all files lowercase.

-u
Make all files uppercase.
It is convenient to select this option when transferring files to the ramdisk.

-tX
Select type to X (B, M, S or hex).
The PB-1000 files have an additional attribute (the file type) which is used for
correct handling of a file selected from the menu:

• S - Sequential files, including MEMO files, assembly source files,

files loaded via RS-232C and BASIC programs saved with SAVE,A.
The contents is ASCII text with CR+LF delimiters, terminated by Ctrl-Z.
• M - Machine code files (for example created by the built-in
assembler) and binary files (for example created with BSAVE).
• B - BASIC programs in internal representation.

It is important to select proper type when transferring files to the ramdisk.

-b
Force binary transfer.
This option should be selected when transferring tokenized BASIC programs
and binary files.
Note: the ramtrans utility doesn't preserve the information about the destination
address and the start address of machine code programs. Such task requires
appropriate file formats (for example PBF) along with corresponding loaders
(for example PBFTOBIN provided with the HD61 assembler).

-a
Force ASCII transfer.
This option should be selected to transfer PC text files, because it ensures
correct line termination (CR+LF) and file termination (Ctrl-Z). It's also suitable
for machine code programs in PBF format.

-n
No updates are written to the RAM image, useful for testing.
Acknowledgments

• The program is an adaptation of the md100 utility written by Marcus von Cube,
which performs similar operations, but on an MD-100 floppy disk or an image
thereof.