Tugas Khusus
Tugas Khusus
HEAT EXCHANGER
Perhitungan (E-101)
1. Fluida dingin
a. Laju alir fluida dingin = 8.695,8840 kg/jam = 19.171,1198 lb/jam
b. Temperatur awal (t1) = 30,53 oC = 86,954 oF
c. Temperatur akhir (t2) = 255,5 oC = 491,9 oF
2. Fluida panas
a. Laju alir fluida panas = 149.126,9144 kg/jam = 328.768,569 lb/jam
b. Temperatur awal (T1) = 270 oC = 518 oF
c. Temperatur akhir (T2) = 253,1 oC = 487,58 oF
d. Panas yang dibutuhkan (Q) = 9.301.060,0783 Btu/jam
1) Menghitung ∆TLMTD
∆ t2 - ∆ t1
LMTD = ∆ t2
ln
∆ t1
26,1 - 400,626
= 26,1
ln
400,626
= 137,1341 oF
T 1−T 2
R =
t 2−t 1
518 - 487,58
=
491,9 - 86,954
= 0,0751
t 2−t 1
S =
T 1−t 1
491,9 - 86,954
=
518 - 86,954
= 0,9394
3. Menentukan UD
Hot fluid = Shell
Cold fluid = Tube
Aqueous solutions dengan UD = 250 – 500, diambil harga UD = 250 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
(Kern; table 8 Hal. 840)
Karena UD sesuai asumsi, maka dari tabel 9 (Kern, 1965), diperoleh data sebagai
berikut:
Bagian Shell Bagian Tube
ID = 12 in Jumlah dan panjang tube = 76 dan 18
Baffel Space = 10,2 in OD, BWG, Pitch = 0,75 in, 18, 1 in
Pass =2 Pass =4
7. Analisa Kinerja HE
Analisa kinerja HE meliputi:
1) Menghitung koefisien overall perpindahan panas (U)
2) Menghitung Rd
3) Menghitung ∆P
1) Menghitung Koefisien Overall Perpindahan Panas (U)
a. Menghitung Flow Area
Shell
ID x C'' x B
as =
144 x Pt
12 x 0,25 x 10,2
=
144 x 1
= 0,2125 ft2
Tube
a’t = 0,334 in2
Nt x a't
=
144 x n
76 x 0,334
at =
144 x 4
= 0,0449 ft2
Tube
w
Gt =
at
19.171,1198
=
0,0449
= 426.600,9274 lb/jam ft2
= 286,2506 Btu/jam.ft.oF
0,00016 x (426.600,9274)2 x 18 x 4
∆Pt =
5,22 x 10 10 x 1,1340 x 1 x 1,1340
= 0,65 < 10 psi (memenuhi)
∆Pt yang diperbolehkan untuk fase liquid yaitu kurang dari 10 psi.
D.2.3 Perhitungan Sambungan Nozzle Dengan Dinding Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger
Untuk menghubungkan nozzle dengan dinding shell and tube heat exchanger
maka digunakan secara sistem flange dan bolting.
a. Flange
Bahan = High Alloy Steel SA 240 Grade M
Tensile Strength Minimum = 75.000 Psi
Allowed Stress = 18.750 Psi
Tipe Flange = Ring Flange (Brownell & Young, 1959, App. D)
b. Bolting
Bahan = Low Alloy Steel SA 193
Tensile Strength Minimum = 75.000 Psi
Allowed Stress = (Brownell & Young, 1959, Tabel. 13-1)
c. Bolting
Bahan = Flate Metal, Asbestos Filled
Tensile Strength Minimum = 3,71 Psi
Allowed Stress = 9000 Psi (Brownell & Young, 1959, Tabel. 12-
11)
2. Berat Tube
V tube = 3,14 x IDt x panjang tube x tt
= 3,14 x 0,652 in x 216 in x 0,098 in
= 43,3368 in3
= 0,0251ft3
Berat tot tube = Nt x ρ steel x V shell
= 76 x 490 lb/ft3 x 0,0251 ft3
= 934,7240 lb
3. Berat Baffle
1
L penampang tot tube = ( ) . π . (ODt)2 . Nt
4
1
= ( ) x 3,14 x (0,75)2 x 76
4
= 33,5587 in3
= 0,0199 ft3
1 1
L tube sheet = ( . π . IDs2) – ( . π . IDt2)
4 4
1 1
= ( x 3,14 x (12)2) – ( x 3,14 x (0,652)2)
4 4
= 112,7063 in3
= 0,0652 ft3
L baffle cut = 0,25 x L tube sheet
= 0,25 x 0,0652 ft3
= 28,1766 in3
= 0,0163 ft3
Berat baffle = Nt x (L tube sheet – L penampang tot tube – L
3
baffle cut) x in x ρ steel
12
= 76 x (0,0652 ft3 – 0,0199 ft3 – 0,0163 ft3) x 0,021
ft x 490 lb/ft3
= 22,6792 lb
4. Total Berat Head
ODs
bd = ODs + + 2 x sf +icr
42
12,012 in
= 12,012 in + + 2 x 2,25 in + 1,125 in
42
= 17,9230 in
= 1,4936 ft
1
V head atas = . π . (bd)2 . th
4
1
= x 3,14 x (1,4936 ft)2 x 0,021 ft
4
= 0,0368 ft3
Berat head atas = V head atas x ρ steel
= 0,0368 ft3 x 490 lb/ft3
= 18,0199 lb
1 1
V head bawah = ( . π . (bd)2 - . π . (ODt)2) . th
4 4
1 1
= ( x 3,14 x (1,4936 ft)2) - x 3,14 x (0,75)2) x
4 4
0,021
= 1,7419 ft3
Berat head bawah = V head bawah x ρ steel
= 1,7419 ft3 x 490 lb/ft3
= 853,5493 lb
Total berat head = Berat head atas + Berat head bawah
= 18,0199 lb + 853,5493 lb
= 871,5692 lb
Ws = Berat Shell + T berat tube + Berat baffle + T berat
head
= 1.000,7270 lb + 934,7240 lb + 22,6792 lb +
871,5692 lb
= 2.829,6994 lb
= 1.294,9582 kg
Volume HE
1
V = . π . IDs2 . H
4
1
= x 3,14 x (12 in)2 x 216 in
4
= 24.416,6400 in3
= 0,4001 m3
Waktu tinggal (t)
t = Volume/laju alir volumetrik
= 0,4001 m3/183,5967 m3/jam
= 0,0022 jam
= 7,84 detik
Wt =mxt
Dimana:
M = Berat larutan dalam HE = 328.768,5690 kg/jam
t = Waktu tinggal dalam HE = 0,0022 jam
Wt =mxt
= 328.768,5690 kg/jam x 0,0022 jam
= 716,4633 kg
Sehingga:
Berat total = Ws + Wt
= 1.294,9582 kg + 716,4633 kg
= 2.011,4215 kg