Drugs Indication Action Side effects Nursing Consideration

Buscopan Acute GI, biliary & Inhibits acetylcholine at Xerostomia, tachycardia, -Assess for eye pain;
genitourinary spasm, receptor sites in urinary retention, discontinue use
including biliary & renal autonomic nervous allergic & skin reactions,
colic. Parenterally also system, which controls rarely dyspnea (in -Monitor intae and
as an aid in diagnostic & secretions, free acids in patients w/ history of output ratio;retention
therapeutic procedures stomach; blocks central bronchial asthma or commonly cause
eg gastroduodenal muscarinic receptors, allergy). Parenteral decreased urinary output
endoscopy, radiology. which decreases Visual accommodation
involuntary movements. disturbance, infrequently -Assess for
inj site pain (after IM Parkinsonism, extra
inj), rarely pyramidal symptoms
anaphylactoid reactions
& anaphylactic shock. -Assess urinary
hesitancy, retention,
palpate bladder if
retention occurs

-Assess for constipation

-Assess for tolerance

over long term therapy

-Assess mental status

Cetirizine Treatment of chronic Long-lasting non- Fatigue, dizziness, -Assess for allergic
idiopathic urticaria, sedating antihistamine coughing, epistaxis, symptoms: rhinitis,
pruritus, eczema, that selectively inhibits bronchospasm, sore pruritus, urticaria,
dermatitis as adjuvant peripheral H1 receptors. throat. Drowsiness, watering eyes, before
therapy w/ headache, and periodically during
hydrocortisone external treatment.
preparation, seasonal GI disturbance: dry
 and perennial allergic mouth, nausea, gastric -Assess respiratory
rhinitis and allergic discomfort, vomiting, atatus and increase in
conjunctivas. diarrhea bronchial secretions,
wheezing, chest
Hypersensitivity tightness; provide fluids
reaction to decrease viscosity or
photosensitivity. thickness of secretions
Disflatyl Accumulation of gas in Simethicone, a -In rare cases the -Simethicone does not
the GIT, sensation of substance with surface medication may cause reduce or prevent the
pressure & fullness in action, causes the gas dermatological reactions formation of gas in the
the epigastrium, bubbles covered with like redness, rash and digestive tract, rather, it
temporary meteorism, mucus in the stomach itching. increases the rate at
post-op meteorism, and intestine to collapse. which it exits the body.
gastrocardiac syndrome, This brings rapid and -bloating
prep for x-ray exam & noticeable relief of -simethicone can relieve
before gastroscopy. symptoms with -constipation pain caused by gas in the
commonly sensation of intestines by decreasing
pressure, tension and - diarrhea foaming which then
fullness in the allows for passing of
epigastrium, eructations, - gas flatus
flatus, pain, intestinal
spasm and removes the -heartburn -Simethicone is not
gas causing the absorbed by the body
flatulence. into the bloodstream
Dimethylpolysiloxane is
not absorbed in the
stomach and intestine,
thus has no harmful
effect on the organism.
Oxytocin It is best known for its
Trade names: Pitocin roles in female
and Syntocinon reproduction: it is
released in large
amounts after distension
of the cervix and vagina
during labor, and after
stimulation of the
nipples, facilitating birth
and breastfeeding,
respectively. Recent
studies have begun to
investigate oxytocin's
role in various
behaviors, including
orgasm, social
recognition, pair
bonding, anxiety, trust,
love, and maternal
behaviors.
Letdown reflex – in Central nervous system: Oxytocin given
lactating (breastfeeding) Subarachnoid intravenously does not
mothers, oxytocin acts at hemorrhage, seizures. enter the brain in
the mammary glands, Cardiovascular: significant quantities - it
causing milk to be 'let Increased heart rate, is excluded from the
down' into a collecting decreased blood brain by the blood-brain
chamber, from where it pressure, systemic barrier. There is no
can be extracted by venous return, cardiac evidence for significant
compressing the areola output, and arrhythmias. CNS entry of oxytocin
and sucking at the Genitourinary: Impaired by nasal spray. Oxytocin
nipple. Sucking by the uterine blood flow, nasal sprays have been
infant at the nipple is pelvic hematoma, tetanic used to stimulate
relayed by spinal nerves uterine contractions, breastfeeding but the
to the hypothalamus. uterine rupture, and efficacy of this approach
The stimulation causes postpartum hemorrhage. is doubtful. Injected
neurons that make oxytocin analogues are
oxytocin to fire action used to induce labor and
potentials in intermittent support labor in case of
bursts; these bursts non-progression of
result in the secretion of parturition. It has largely
pulses of oxytocin from replaced ergometrine as
the neurosecretory nerve the principal agent to
terminals of the pituitary increase uterine tone in
gland. acute postpartum
hemorrhage.
Uterine contraction –
important for cervical
dilation before birth and
causes contractions
during the second and
 third stages of labor.
Oxytocin release during
breastfeeding causes
mild but often painful
uterine contractions
during the first few
weeks of lactation. This
also serves to assist the
uterus in clotting the
placental attachment
point postpartum.

cefuroxime > urinary tract infection, Inhibits bacterial wall Large doses can cause  assess patient for
otitis media synthesis, rendering cell cerebral irritation and signs and
> severe infections wall osmotically convulsions; nausea, symptoms of
unstable leading to cell vomiting, diarrhoea, GI infection
death by binding to cell disturbances; erythema  measure urine
wall membrane. multiforme, Stevens- output
Johnson syndrome, assess bowel movement
epidermal necrolysis. daily

Potentially Fatal:
Anaphylaxis,
nephrotoxicity,
pseudomembranous
colitis.
Ranitidine Used to prevent ulcer Inhibition of histamine  constipation  instruct patient to
while the patient is on at H2 receptors of  diarrhea report any
NPO gastric parietal cell,  fatigue adverse reaction
which inhibits gastric  headache  can interfere with
acid secretions
  muscle pain the metabolism
Does not affect pepsin  confusion of alcohol
secretions agitation Antacids may decrease
the absorption of
ranitidine.
Metronidazole  acute infection Bactericidal: inhibits CNS: headache, vertigo, Physical: reflexes, affect
 acute intestinal DNA synthesis in insomnia Skin lesions
amebiasis specific anaerobics, GI: nausea, vomiting
amebic liver abscess causing cell death. GU:incontinence abdominal exam
Local: thrombophlebitis,
redness, burning, liver palpation,
dryness, skin irritation
CBC,

u/a,

liver function test

Albuterol -used as a Salbutamol is a beta- CNS: nervousness, -assess lung sounds, and
bronchodilator to control adrenergic agonist and restlessness, tremor, blood pressure before
and prevent reversible thus it stimulates beta- headache, insomnia administration and
airway obstruction adrenergic receptors. during peak of
Binding of albuterol to CV: chest pain, medication. Note
- used as a quick- relief beta-receptors in the palpitations, angina, amount, color, and
agent for acute lungs results in arrhythmia, hypertension character of sputum
bronchosapasm. relaxation of bronchial produced.
smooth muscles GI: nausea, vomiting
-observe for paradoxical
ENDO: hyperglycemia bronchospasm
(wheezing). If condition
FNE: hypokalemia occurs, withhold
medication and notify
 NEURO: tremor physician or other health
care professional
immediately.
ampicillin -respiratory tract or skin -inhibits cell-wall -lethargy Check renal, hepatic and
and skin-structure synthesis during -nausea auditory function. Stop
infection bacterial multiplication -vomiting drug and notify
-prevention of -abdominal pain prescriber if
endocarditis -pain at injection site abnormalities occur.
-hypersensitivity Serious GI toxicity
reaction
diclofenac potassium Short-term treatment of May inhibit Occasionally GI -because NSAIDS
post-traumatic and post- prostaglandin synthesis, disorders, headache, impair the synthesis of
op pain and produce anti dizziness, vertigo, rash, renal prostaglandins,
inflammation; inflammatory analgesics elevation of serum they can decrease renal
dysmennorhea, migraine and antipyretic effects transaminases. Rarely, blood flow and lead to
attacks, drenitis and non- gastric or intestinal reversible renal
articuliar rheumatism; ulcer, abnormalities of impairment especially in
ENT infections renal function, GI patients with renal
bleeding, hepatitis, failure
hypersensitivity -because of their
antipyretic and anti-
inflammatory action,
NSAIDS may risk the
signs and symptoms of
infection.