Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu

Royal Commission in Jubail
Jubail Industrial City
CONTRACT NO. 122-C01

EPC OF PACKAGE SANITARY WASTE WATER

TREATMENT PLANT

DESIGN BASIS REPORT

(REVISED STRUCTURE)
FEBRUARY, 2011
REV.NO. REV. DESIGNED BY DATE SIGNATURE CHECKED BY DATE SIGNATURE
B Rev.10 IRFAN FEB-2011 KAMAL DEC-2010
%
A 10% IRFAN JAN- 2011 KAMAL JAN-2011

Document Number
122-C01-G80-SA-001
 P.O. Box 14911, Jeddah, 21434 P.O. Box 2341, Riyadh 11451
Tel : + 966 920006300 Fax : +966 2 6067858 Tel : +966 1 4659975 Fax : +966 1 4647540
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

CONTRACT NO. 122-C01- REVISED 10% STAGE Structural Works

EPC OF PACKAGE SANITARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 1
DESIGN BASIS REPORT
STRUCTURAL WORKS

Prepared By Irfan Ali

Reviewed By Mohamed Kamal
Date February, 2011
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

5. STRUCTURAL WORKS...................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 STRUCTURAL SCOPE OF WORK............................................................................................................5-1
5.2.1 Description of the Buildings and Structural System....................................................................5-1
5.2.2 Design Criteria for Special / Other Structures..............................................................................5-2
5.3 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS........................................................................5-6
5.3.1 Loading...............................................................................................................................................5-6
5.3.2 Concrete.............................................................................................................................................5-6
5.3.3 Masonry..............................................................................................................................................5-7
5.3.4 Structural Steel..................................................................................................................................5-8
5.3.5 Corrosion control..............................................................................................................................5-8
5.3.6 Thermal Protection...........................................................................................................................5-8
5.3.7 Calculations.......................................................................................................................................5-9
5.3.8 Safety..................................................................................................................................................5-9
5.4 MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................5-9
5.4.1 Concrete.............................................................................................................................................5-9
5.4.2 Cement.............................................................................................................................................5-10
5.4.3 Reinforcing Steel............................................................................................................................5-10
5.4.4 Concrete Masonry Units................................................................................................................5-11
5.4.5 Pre-Engineered Structural Steel..................................................................................................5-11
5.5 DESIGN CRITERIA................................................................................................................................5-12
5.5.1 Dead loads.......................................................................................................................................5-12
5.5.2 Live Load..........................................................................................................................................5-13
5.5.3 Rain Load.........................................................................................................................................5-13
5.5.4 Crane Load......................................................................................................................................5-13
5.5.5 Wind Load........................................................................................................................................5-13
5.5.6 Earthquake Load............................................................................................................................5-14
5.5.7 Temperature Load..........................................................................................................................5-15
5.5.8 Load Combinations........................................................................................................................5-15
5.5.9 Stability against Overturning, Uplift, Sliding, and Buoyancy....................................................5-16
5.5.10 Deflection....................................................................................................................................5-17
5.5.11 Concrete Cover..........................................................................................................................5-17
5.5.12 Slab on Grade............................................................................................................................5-18
5.5.13 Soil Bearing Capacity................................................................................................................5-19
5.5.14 QA/QC Implementation.............................................................................................................5-19
5.6 SAFETY................................................................................................................................................5-19
5.6.1 Safety Issues..............................................................................................................................5-19
5.6.2 Safety Improvement Solutions.................................................................................................5-19
5.7 CORROSION PROTECTION...................................................................................................................5-19

CONTRACT NO. 122-C01-10% STAGE(REVISED) Structural Works

EPC OF PACKAGE SANITARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT TOC-
 5. STRUCTURAL WORKS

5.1 Introduction

The following report is intended to outline the criteria and basis of design that will be
used in the calculations for the design of structural works involved in this project. This
design criteria complies with all relevant Royal Commission Codes and Standards,
latest editions of engineering codes and Saudi Arabian Government Codes.

5.2 Structural Scope of Work

Structural scope of work for this project is intended for the structural design of structures
as described in section 5.1.1.

5.2.1 Description of the Buildings and Structural System

5.2.1.1 Treated Effluent Storage Tank (2 Nos)

The treated effluent storage tanks shall be of diameter 30.0 m and height of 10.0 m
having storage capacity of 6500 cubic meter. These tanks shall be made up of welded
steel and designed as per API 650 (refer to section 5.1.2.1 of this report). Steel tanks
shall be above ground and supported on concrete foundation.

5.2.1.2 Cross Clarifier (3 Nos) (CC)

Cross Clarifiers shall be of size 40.0m x 10.80m in plan. It is reinforced concrete

structure having concrete wall supported on concrete foundation; one concrete wall in
contact with water on both sides and other walls are contact with water from inside and
soil outside.

5.2.1.3 Micro screen Filter (MSC)

Micro screen filter is reinforced concrete structure having size of 9.25 m x 7.10 m. The
structural system is comprises reinforced concrete walls supported on mat foundation.

5.2.1.4 Chlorination Building (CB)

Chlorination building is reinforced concrete structure (beam, column and slab) having
size of 6.0 m x 10.0 m. outer and inner walls shall be concrete masonry hollow block
units. All columns shall be supported on conventional isolated spread foundation.

5.2.1.5 Chlorination (CL)

Chlorination is reinforced concrete structure having size of 12.0 m x 12.0 m. The

structural system is comprises reinforced concrete walls supported on mat foundation.

CONTRACT NO. 122-C01-10% STAGE(REVISED) Structural Works

EPC OF PACKAGE SANITARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 1
5.2.1.6 Outlet Pumping Station (OPS)

Outlet pumping station is reinforced concrete structure having size of 3.0 m x 6.5 m.
The structural system is comprises of beams, column and slab. All columns shall be
supported on conventional isolated spread foundation.

5.2.1.7 Operational Building (OB)

Operational Building is reinforced concrete structure. The structural system is comprises

of beams, column and slab. All columns shall be supported on conventional isolated
spread foundation. The building size in plan is 30.60 m x 6.50 m.

5.2.1.8 Inlet Pumping Station (IPS)

Inlet pumping station is reinforced concrete structure having size of 3.0 m x 6.5 m. The
structural system is comprises of beams, column and slab. All columns shall be
supported on conventional isolated spread foundation.

5.2.1.9 Primary Settling Tank (3 Nos) (PST)

Primary settling tanks are reinforced concrete structure having internal diameter of 3.80
m. These tanks are above ground structure supported on concrete foundation. The
walls of tank are in contact with soil (outside) and water (inside).

5.2.1.10 Sludge Storage Tank (SST)

Sludge storage tank is reinforced concrete structure having size of 10.0 m x 6.5 m. The
walls of tank are in contact with soil (outside) and water (inside). This structure is
supported on concrete foundation.

5.2.1.11 Neutralization Zone (NZ)

Neutralization zone is reinforced concrete structure having size of 3.90 m x 3.75 m. The
walls of tank are in contact with soil (outside) and water (inside). This structure is
supported on concrete foundation.

5.2.2 Design Criteria for Special / Other Structures

5.2.2.1 Steel Effluent Storage Tank

 Material Comparison

Description Concrete Tanks Steel Tanks

Initial Cost Medium Cost 20- 40% Higher
Running Cost High Low
(Maintenance)
 Description Concrete Tanks Steel Tanks
Life Time About 50 Years About 100 Years
Construction Time Longer Time Shorter Time
Quality Control Need more control High Quality can
be achieved

Regarding to the above comparison steel water takes is recommended from our side.

 Steel Water Tanks Design Criteria

 Steel Shell Tank

The Shell plate to be provided for the steel tank shall have a maximum width of 2.5m
per course and varying thickness depending on the lateral pressure to be imposed by
the tank content (water) as calculated in conformance to clause 5.6.3 or 5.6.4 of the
API, 11th Edition.

 Steel Shell Tank Annular Plate

The annular plate to be provided has a minimum width of 600 mm and shall be as
calculated in conformance to clause 5.5.2 & Table 5-1 of API 650, 11th Edition.

 Steel Tank Bottom Plate

The Bottom Sketch plate to be provided shall be in conformance to clause 5.4.1 of API
650, 11th Edition.

 Steel Tank Roof Cone Plate

The thickness of roof cone plate to be provided shall be as calculated in conformance to

clause 5.10.2.2 or 5.10.5.1 of API 650, 11th Edition.

 Wind Girders

Wind Girders to be provided shall satisfy conditions mentioned in clause 5.9.7 of the
API 650, 11th Edition, while sizing will be calculated in conformance to clause 5.9.7.6 of
API 650, 11th Edition.

 Curb Angles

Size of Curb Angle to be provided shall satisfy conditions mentioned in clause 5.10.2.2
of API 650, 11th Edition.

 Rafters

Rafter Size shall be designed depending on the loads imposed by the cone roof plate &
roof live load acting along its tributary area and the rafter’s self weight. The length of the
rafters shall be 7.25m passing from the center column to the outer rings as proposed in
this design. It shall be spaced not more 0.6p m apart along the circumference in
conformance to clause 5.10.4.4 of API 650, 11th Edition.

Assumptions considered in the design are:

 Effect of roof slope is negligible.

 Loads acting on rafters are considered as uniformly distributed.

 Girders

Girder Size shall be designed depending on the loads imposed by the Rafters on both
sides of its tributary area and its own self weight. The length of girders shall vary on the
outer ring as proposed in this design. It is also assumed that the load acting on the
girder shall be uniformly distributed.

 Columns

Intermediate and center columns size shall be designed depending on the load to be
imposed by half of the girder loads on both sides that it supports and its own self weight.
The length of the columns shall vary from center column to the outer rings. Eccentricity
load shall be assumed negligible in the design columns.

 Base Plate

Base plate sizes for all columns shall be designed depending on the load acted upon
the column and contracted by the allowable soil bearing pressure underneath the
column resisting the load. Size to be provided shall be adequate enough to resist
maximum bending moment.

 Dead Load

Dead loads are the permanent loads imposed by the structure. These are primarily the
self weights imposed by the tanks shell, bottom and roof plates, rafters, girders,
columns, etc.

 Roof Live Load

Live load of 1.0 kPa (20 psf) is considered on the roof as recommended in section 5.2.1
API 650, 11th Edition.

 Wind Load

Wind load acting on structure are calculated as per clause 5.11 of the API 650, 11th
Edition.
 Seismic Load

Seismic Design of tank shall be carried out as per Appendix-E of the API 650, 11th
Edition.

 Material Data

Structure steel shall conform to ASTM A36 having yield stress of 250 MPa and Tensile
strength of 400 MPa. Galvanization shall be as per ASTM A123.

Connecting BOLTS shall conform to ASTM A325. Galvanization shall be as per ASTM
A153.

 Foundation Design

The foundation for steel tank shall be designed as per recommendation of API 650, 11th
edition, Appendix-E “Recommendations for design and construction of foundations for
aboveground oil storage tanks”.

5.2.2.2 Foundation Design Criteria for Dynamic Equipments

All foundations that support machinery i.e. Pumps, Motors, Mixers or Compressor shall
be as per recommendation of ACI 351.3R and R.C Engineering Manual Chapter-9,
section 9.11.B.6. The anticipated dynamic and static loads shall be taken from
manufacturer recommended data.

5.2.2.3 Concrete Masonry Wall Design

All interior and exterior walls shall be non load bearing walls. The exterior wall will be
designed to resist the wind load as per recommendation of ACI 530. The wall thickness
shall be calculated as per ACI 530 “Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structure”
table 5.5.1 i.e. Maximum L/T OR H/T shall be 18 for exterior wall and 36 for interior
walls.

5.2.2.4 Foundation Design for Light Poles

All foundations for lighting poles shall be designed to resist both axial and lateral loads
employing posts or poles as columns embedded in earth or in concrete footings in earth
shall be in accordance with IBC-2009, Sections 1807.3.

5.2.2.5 Thrust Block Design

Thrust block shall be provided where necessary and shall be designed (as per R.C
Engineering Manual; Chapter-9, section-) to resist thrust force by sheer weight and
friction only (without passive soil pressure) at working pressure and to consider passive
soil pressure at pipe hydro test pressure.
5.2.2.6 Fence Boundary

The security fence boundary shall be chain link fabric as per R.C guidelines
specifications section 02820 “Guidelines and specifications for fence and gates” and
R.C standard drawings.

5.2.2.7 Overhead Cranes

The capacity of overhead cane used in inlet and outlet pump rooms will be 2.0 Ton. The
overhead clearance shall be 5.50 m from finish floor level. The supporting for cranes
shall be designed as per R.C Engineering Manual, Chapter-9 and section 9.07-G.

5.2.2.8 Utility/Drainage underground Culverts

Utility Culver (if required) shall be precast or cast in situ structure; designed as per
recommendations of Ministry of Transportation (MOT) and AASHTO. Utility culverts
shall be so sized that they easily accommodate the utilities/drainage water.

5.2.2.9 Valve Chamber Design

Valve chambers shall be designed for the dead, live, earth pressure and loads transfer
through the pipes liquid. Loads criteria for vehicles shall be as per MOT and AASHTO.
Valve chamber size shall be as per requirement and will be made up cast in situ
concrete as per requirements of ACI 350.

5.2.2.10 Pipe Support Structure

Pipe supports shall be designed for the service loads as per requirement. These pipe
supports will be made up of structural steel and will be designed as per
recommendations of AISC ASD.

5.3 Applicable Codes, Standards and Publications

5.3.1 Loading

Code Reference
General Design Requirements Royal Commission Engineering manual
Chapter-9; Structural Design Criteria
Latest Revision
SEI/ASCE 7-05 Structural Engineering Institute/
American Society of Civil Engineering:
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
other Structures
IBC-09 International Building Code
SBC Saudi Building Code
5.3.2 Concrete
Code Reference
Royal Commission Guideline
Specifications Division-3
1. Structural Concrete Section 03310
2. Portland Cement Section 03310-1
3. Reinforcement for Concrete Section 03205
4. Cast in place Concrete Forms & Section 03105
Accessories
5. Precast Concrete Section 03430
ACI 318m-08 American Concrete Institute
Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete and Commentary
ACI 315-99 American Concrete Institute
Details and Detailing of Concrete
Reinforcement
ACI 350 Code Requirements for Environmental
Engineering Concrete Structures and
Commentary
ACI 350.2R Concrete Structures for Containment
of Hazardous Materials
ACI 350.4R Design Considerations for Environmental
Engineering Concrete Structures
ACI 351.3R Foundations for Dynamic Equipment

5.3.3 Masonry

Code reference
Royal Commission Guideline
Specifications Division-4
1. Masonry Mortar Section 04060
2. Masonry Grout Section 04070
3. Masonry Anchorage & Section 04080
Reinforcement
4. Masonry Accessories Section 04090
5. Concrete Masonry Unit Section 04220
6. Unit Masonry Assemblies Section 04810
ACI 530m-05 American Concrete Institute
Building Code Requirements for Masonry
Structures and Commentary
ACI 530.1-05 American Concrete Institute
Specifications for Masonry Structures and
Commentary
5.3.4 Structural Steel

Code Reference
Non-Royal Commission .1
Guideline
Specifications Section 05820
Pre-Engineered Metal
Buildings Section 05120
RC Guideline Specifications .2 Section 05580
Structural Steel Section 05210
Formed Metal Fabrications Section 05310
Steel Joists Section 05520
Steel Decks
Hand Rails and Railings
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
Manual of Steel Construction – Allowable
Stress Design; 13th edition
AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
Specifications for the Design of Cold-formed
Steel Structural Members with Commentary
API 650 American Petroleum Institute
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
AWS American Welding Society
Structural Welding Code
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

5.3.5 Corrosion control

Code reference
Design Criteria; chapter-12 Royal Commission Engineering Manual
Royal Commission Guideline
Specifications
Damp Proofing & .1 Section 07100
Waterproofing Section 07110
Damp Proofing .2 Section 07130
Sheet Waterproofing .3 Section 07910
Preformed Joint Seal .4 Section 07920
Joint Seal .5

5.3.6 Thermal Protection

Code Reference
Royal Commission Guideline
Specifications
Thermal Protection .1 Section 07200
Building Insulation .2 Section 07210
Metal Roof and Wall Panels .3 Section 07410
Sheet Metal Roofing .4 Section 07610
Sheet Metal Flashing and Trim .5 Section 07620
Roof Accessories .6 Section 07720
Manufactured Roof Specialties .7 Section 07710

5.3.7 Calculations

Code Reference
Structural Design Criteria; Royal Commission Engineering Manual
Chapter-9
Section 9.12, 9.13, 9.14
JMP Jubail Management Procedure

5.3.8 Safety

Code Reference
OSHA Occupational Safety & Healt Administration;
Latest Edition
Standards CFR 29 Part 1910 – General
Part 1926 – Construction

5.4 Materials Specifications

5.4.1 Concrete
TABLE – 4
Minimum Cylinder
Compressive
Structure Class of Concrete
Strength
at 28 Days
Design Concrete cylinder
compressive strength at 28 days
C30 minimum with
for all cast in situ reinforced
Type I Portland cement
structural concrete elements in
and pozzolanic 30 MPa
contact with soil or exposed to
replacement as per GS
weather, salt, salt water, brackish
03310, Table 1C
water, seawater or spray from
these sources.
Design Concrete cylinder C30a or C30b 30 MPa
compressive strength at 28 days minimum with Type I
for all cast in situ reinforced Portland cement and
structural concrete elements and pozzolanic
precast walls not in contact with replacement as per GS
soil or exposed to weather, salt, 03310, Table 1C
salt water, brackish water,
seawater or spray from these
 TABLE – 4
Minimum Cylinder
Compressive
Structure Class of Concrete
Strength
at 28 Days
sources.
Design Concrete cylinder
C40 minimum with
compressive strength at 28 days
type-I Portland cement
for all precast/prestressed 40 MPa
as per GS 03310, table
reinforced structural concrete
1C
elements
C20 with Type V
Blinding Slabs, Mud Mats, and
Portland cement as per 20 MPa
Lean Concrete
GS 03310, Table 1C

5.4.2 Cement

1. Cement shall be ASTM C150 type-I portland cement with silica fume pozzolanic
replacement as per RC GS section 03310, table 1c for structural concrete in contact
with soil or exposed to weather, salt, salt water, brackish water, seawater, or spray
from these sources.
2. Cement shall be ASTM C150 type-I portland cement as per RC GS section 03310,
table 1c for structural concrete not in contact with soil and not exposed to weather,
salt, salt water, brackish water, seawater, or spray from these sources. Silica fume
or fly ash pozzolanic replacement complying with RC GS section 03310 table 1c
can be used at the contractor’s option and expense.
3. Cement shall be ASTM C150 type v Portland cement as per RC GS section 03310,
table 1c for blinding slabs, mud mats, and lean concrete.

5.4.3 Reinforcing Steel

1. All reinforcing steel shall conform to the following:

a. Deformed bar reinforcing; ASTM A706 grade 60 (420 MPa);
b. Deformed welded wire reinforcing (WWR) sheets; ASTM A497. Plain steel
(WWR) ASTM A185 and rolled WWR shall not be used.
2. Reinforcing steel bars and WWR in concrete that is in contact with soil or exposed
to weather, salt, salt water, brackish water, seawater, or spray from these sources
shall be FBECR conforming to the following:
a. Deformed bar reinforcing; ASTM A755;
b. Deformed welded wire reinforcing (WWR) sheets; ASTM A884.
c. Damaged FBECR shall be repaired in accordance with ASTM A775 and A884
and the material manufacturer's recommendations.
3. All reinforcing, including column and pedestal ties, shall be detailed in accordance
with ACI 315 "manual of standard practice for detailing reinforced concrete
structures".
5.4.4 Concrete Masonry Units

Concrete Masonry units shall be Type-1, Grade N with minimum assembly strength at
28 days f’m = 13.80 MPa; ACI 350-99; table 2.2.3.2. Mortar shall be Type N for interior
walls and Type S for exterior walls. Grout shall have a minimum compressive strength
at 28 days f’g = 13.80 MPa.

Concrete Masonry Units grout and mortar shall be according to the ASTM standard.

The interior masonry walls are non-load bearing walls and shall be designed with
minimum steel.

Maximum L/T OR H/T shall be 18 for exterior wall and 36 for interior walls as per ACI
530 “Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structure” table 5.5.1.

5.4.5 Pre-Engineered Structural Steel

All structural steel shall confirm to the following codes and specifications.

1. All steel for hot-rolled structural shapes, plates and fittings shall confirm to ASTM
A572 Grade 50 (fy = 50ksi or350 MPa).
2. All primary built up members shall confirm to ASTM A572 grade 50 (fy = 50ksi or
350 MPa) high grade steel plates.
3. All round steel rod members shall confirm to ASTM A615 Grade 300 (fy = 40ksi
or300 MPa) round bars.
4. All cold-formed secondary steel members shall confirm to ASTM A607 or A653 fy
= 50ksi or 350 MPa.
5. All primary bolted connections shall furnished with 20mm minimum diameter high
strength bolts confirming to ASTM A325M, type-N; all hot dipped galvanized in
accordance with ASTM A153 to a minimum weight of 915 g/m 2 (130 micron). All
bolts shall be tightened by procedure outlined in RCSC “Specifications for
Structural joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts”.
6. All high strength bolts shall be furnished with nuts and washers hot dipped
galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153 to a minimum weight of 915 g/m 2
(130 micron). Nuts for hight strength bolts shall confirm to ASTM A563M Grade
DH. Washers for high strength bolts shall confirm to ASTM F436M.
7. All Anchor bolts shall confirm to ASTM F1554 Grade 36; double nut confirming to
ASTM A563 Grade DH; and plate washers confirming to ASTM A436. All items
shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153 to a minimum weight
of 915 g/m2 (130 micron). Nuts shall be tapped oversize as per ASTM A563M
and shall be re-tapped and lubricated after galvanizing to provide the proper fit.
All anchor bolts shall be furnished with nuts that confirm to ASTM A563 and
washers confirming to ASTM F436M, or F844; all hot dip galvanized in
accordance with ASTM A153 to a minimum weight of 915 g/m 2 (130 micron).
5.5 Design Criteria

5.5.1 Dead loads

Dead loads acting on a structure or a portion thereof shall consist of the vertical load
due to the weight of all permanent structural and nonstructural components such as
insulation, beams, bracing, fireproofing, and all fixed service equipment. Refer to ASCE
7, Chapter 3 for descriptions of dead loads and values of lateral soil loads.

Retaining walls shall have a minimum 15 kPa construction surcharge pressure applied
to the high side (i.e., over the heel) of the wall. Refer to the Geotechnical Engineering
Report(s) for lateral soil loads and design parameters and to ASCE 7, Chapter 3 for
minimum values of lateral soil loads.

Refer to Royal Commission Engineering Manual, Chapter 9, Table 9A, 9B and ASCE 7,
Chapter C3, Table C3-1 for weights and densities of various construction materials.

Following are the dead loads used in the design of building.

TABLE – 1
Unit Weight of different Building Materials
REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE 24.0 kN/m3
STEEL 77.32 kN/m3
Floor and Roof Finishes
Floor Finish 2.00 kN/m²
Roof Finish 3.50 kN/m²
CMU Wall
150 mm Masonry Wall 2.25 kN/m²
200 mm Masonry Wall 3.00 kN/m²
Roofing system
Overhanging Loads 0.75 kN/m²
Rigid insulation — 1 50 mm thk. (13 mm thick @ 0.48 kN/m²
0.04 kN/m3)
PVC single ply sheet (0.06 in. thick) 0.03 kN/m²
Gravel 50 mm thick layer 0.815 kN/m²
Sloped screed (foam concrete) 2.36 kN/m²
Sandwich Panel (109 mm thk) 0.113 kN/m²
Sandwich Panel (84 mm thk) 0.108 kN/m²
Sandwich Panel (74 mm thk) 0.105 kN/m²
Ceiling (Suspended Ceiling)
Acoustical fiber board 0.05 kN/m²
Suspended steel channel sys. 0.10 kN/m²
Provision for mechanical duct 0.19 kN/m²
Provision for elec. lighting 0.05 kN/m²
Fire sprinkler system 0.15 kN/m²
 Floor Coverings
Ceramic or Quarry Tile (9 mm thk) on 25 mm thk 0.52 kN/m²
mortar bed
Vinyl tile (6 mm thk) 0.05 kN/m²

5.5.2 Live Load

Live loads acting on a structure consist of loading not permanently fixed, but
superimposed by use and occupancy. Live loads include those uniformly distributed
and concentrated on floors, handrails, guardrails, vehicle barrier systems, ladders, and
stairs from use, occupancy, operation, impact, and vibration. Refer to ASCE/SEI 7-05,
Chapter 4 for descriptions and values of live loads for various uses, occupancies, and
other conditions.

Following are the live loads used for the design of this building.

TABLE – 2
Offices 2.40 kN/m²
Halls & Prayer Area 5.00 kN/m²
Corridors, Stairs, Balconies 5.00 kN/m²
Mechanical & Electrical Rooms 7.50 kN/m²
Roof (accessible) 2.00 kN/m²
Roof Flat (inaccessible) 1.00 kN/m²
Roof Sloped (inaccessible) 0.60 kN/m²
PACU Units As per Manufacturer’s

5.5.3 Rain Load

Each portion of a roof shall be designed to sustain the load of all

rainwater that will accumulate on it if the primary drainage system for that portion is
blocked plus the uniform load caused by water that rises above the inlet of the
secondary drainage system at its design flow. Refer to ASCE 7, Chapter 8 for
descriptions of rain loads.

5.5.4 Crane Load

Strength and serviceability design criteria for crane loading shall be in accordance with
the Royal Commission Engineering Manual, Chapter 9, Section 9.07.G and ASCE 7,
Section 4.10.

5.5.5 Wind Load

All structures and foundations shall be designed and constructed to resist the wind
effects determined in accordance with ASCE 7-05, Chapter 6, Method 2 – Analytical
Procedure. The design wind load, F, on structures and elements thereof shall be
assumed to act normal to the surfaces and shall be determined for any height and from
any direction by the following formula:

F=qz G Cf Af,
o Where the product of qz G Cf shall not be less than in 500 N/m2 Where:
qz= Velocity pressure at height z above the adjacent terrain at the centroid of Af
qz= 0.613 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I in N/m2
Exposure Category D
Kz= Velocity pressure coefficient = as per table 3-6 ASCE 7-05
Kzt= Topographic factor=1
Kd= Wind directionality factor =0.85
I= Importance factor =1.15 determined from the Occupancy Category III
V= Velocity = 43 m/s (155 kph)
G= Gust-effect factor =0.85
Cf= Force coefficient
Af= Projected area normal to the wind, m2
o Displacements of the structures shall be considered using the displacements
determined in an elastic analysis.
o The design story drift (Δi) shall be computed as the difference of the displacements at
the center of mass at the top and bottom of the story under consideration.
o Δi/Li < 0.0025, where Li = Story height under consideration
o Acceptable story drift shall also consider the parameters used in the design of the
cladding. Coordination between the structure design and cladding is critical.

5.5.6 Earthquake Load

All structures and foundations shall be designed and constructed to resist stresses
produced by inertia forces induced by seismic ground motion in accordance ASCE 7
11.7 and the applicable provisions in Chapters 12, 14, and 15.

o Given data for Jubail Industrial City:

I = Importance factor = 1.25 from Occupancy Category III
Site Class D
SS = 0.15g
S1 = 0.04g
Seismic Design Category (SDC) = A
o Fx, the design lateral force applied at story x, shall be determined as:
Fx = 0.01wx, where wx is the portion of the total dead load of the structure, D,
located or assigned to Level x.
o Displacements of the structures and the potential for interacting effects shall be
considered using the amplified displacements obtained from the following formula:
δx = Cdδxe/I Where:
δx =Amplified deflection
Cd =Deflection amplification factor
 δxe =Deflections determined in an elastic analysis using the strength level seismic
forces (i.e., 1.0E, not 0.7E) of of ASCE 7 even when allowable stress design is
used
I =Importance factor from Occupancy Category
o The design story drift (Δi) shall be computed as the difference of the amplified
displacements at the center of mass at the top and bottom of the story under
consideration. Δi/Li < 0.015, where Li = Story height under consideration.
o Acceptable story drift shall also consider the parameters used in the design of the
cladding. Coordination between the structure design and cladding is critical.

5.5.7 Temperature Load

Self-restraining and Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads: Building structures

shall be designed with consideration for the loads and effects caused by restraining
supports, contraction or expansion resulting from temperature changes, shrinkage,
moisture changes, creep in component materials, differential settlement, and
combinations thereof. Ambient temperatures range from a high of 50 degrees C to a
low of 0 degrees C. In direct sunlight, the temperature of structures and components
shall be assumed to rise a minimum of 15 degrees C above ambient. As a minimum,
the temperature gradient for thermal loads should be +25 degrees C and -15 degrees C
with the most severe condition governing the design.

5.5.8 Load Combinations

Building structures shall be designed and constructed to resist stresses produced by

load combinations in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-05, Chapters 2 and 12.

o Symbols and Notations:.

D = Dead load, including load of empty piping and equipment
E = Seismic load effect, which shall include both Eh and Ev with ρ = 1.0 for
SDC = A
F = Load due to fluids
H = Lateral earth pressure; groundwater pressure
L = Live load
Lr = Roof live load
R = Rain load
T = Self-restraining and thermal expansion and contraction load
W = Wind load
o Load Combinations for Factored Loads Using Strength Design:
 1.4(D + F)
 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5 (Lr or R)
 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (L or 0.8W)
 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or R)
 (1.2 + 0.2SDS)D + 1.0E + L
 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H
 (0.9 – 0.2SDS)D + 1.0E + 1.6H
o Load Combinations for Nominal Loads Using Allowable Stress Design:
D+F
D+H+F+L+T
 D + H + F + (Lr or R)
 D + H + F + (0.75 (L + T) + 0.75(Lr or R)
D+ H+F+W
 (1.0 + 0.14SDS)(D)+ H + F + 0.7E
 D + H + F + 0.75W + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or R)
 (1.0 + 0.105SDS)(D + H + F)+0.75(0.7)E+0.75L+0.75(Lr or R)
 0.6D + W + H
 (0.6 – 0.14SDS)D + 0.7E + H
o Exceptions to Factored and Nominal Load Combinations:
 For Factored Load Combinations 3, 4, and 5, the load factor on L is permitted to
equal 0.5 for those occupancies in which L0 in Table 4-1 is less than or equal to 4.79
kPa, with the exception of garages or areas occupied as places of public assembly
 Effects of one or more loads not acting in whole or in part shall be investigated. This
includes patterning transient loads in continuous and cantilever framing.
 Increases in allowable stress shall not be used with the load combinations given for
allowable stress design.
 E and W are permitted to be applied independently in each of two orthogonal
directions and orthogonal interaction effects are permitted to be neglected.
 Minus E and minus W directions shall be investigated.
 H shall be set equal to zero (-0-) if the structural action due to H counteracts that due
to W or E.
 When lateral earth pressure provides resistance to structural actions from other
forces, it shall not be included in H, but shall be included in the design resistance.

5.5.9 Stability against Overturning, Uplift, Sliding, and Buoyancy

Stability analyses shall demonstrate the ability of the structures to resist overturning,
uplift, sliding, and buoyancy, and that the allowable soil bearing values are not
exceeded. Stability shall be provided solely by dead load plus permanent mechanical
anchorages. In determining the safety factors, allowance shall be made for the potential
removal of resisting dead loads (i.e., excavation, erosion, etc.).

Retaining wall sliding resistance shall be developed by friction (and passive soil
pressure where necessary) utilizing particularly detailed shear keys to engage the
friction-resistance plane below the plane of the waterproofing and protection.

Following are the minimum factor of safety to be considered in design:

 Sliding = 1.50
 Overturning = 2.00
 Uplift = 1.25
5.5.10 Deflection

Structural systems and members shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit
deflections and lateral drift.

The deflections of structural members shall not exceed the more restrictive of the
limitations of IBC-2009, Sections 1604.3.2 through 1604.3.5 or that permitted by Table
1604.3.

5.5.11 Concrete Cover

5.5.11.1 Concrete Cover for Cast in situ Concrete

The table below defines minimum concrete cover measured from outermost rebar (tie
bar) that shall be provided for reinforcement of cast in-place concrete structure.
Concrete Exposure Minimum Cover Royal Commission
(mm) Guideline Specification,
Section 03205.
 Concrete in contact with soil; 75
exposed to sea water; potable
or treated water
 Concrete exposed to weather:
Columns, Walls and Beams 50
All sizes of bars
Slab & Joists 40
All sizes of bars
Shells & Folded Plates 30
All sizes of bars 30
All welded Wire Fabric
(WWF)
 Concrete exposed to interior, non- 75
air-conditioned environments below
grade (e.g. interior of underground
manhole)
All sizes of bars
 Concrete not exposed or not in
contact with soil or water: 40
Columns and Beams
All sizes of bars 25
Slab. Walls & Joists
All sizes of’ bars 25
Shells & Folded Plates
20
16 mm and larger bars
All Welded Wire Fabric (WWF)
and bars smaller than 16 mm dia.
5.5.11.2 Concrete Cover for Precast Concrete

The table below defines minimum concrete cover measured from outermost rebar (tie
bar) that shall be provided for reinforcement of precast concrete.

Concrete Exposure Minimum Cover Royal Commission

(mm) Guideline
Specification, Section
03205.
 Concrete in contact with soil;
exposed to sea water; potable or
treated water 75
All sizes of bars
 Concrete exposed to weather: 30
Walls and Slab Panels;
 All sizes of bars 50
All other members
All sizes of bars
 Concrete exposed to interior,
non-air conditioned 50
environments
below grade;
All sizes of bars
 Concrete exposed to whether
and concrete not in contact with
soil or
water of any type: 20

Slab, Walls and Joist; 30

All sizes of bars
Beams and Columns; 20
All sizes of bars 20
Shells and Folded Plates;
1 6 mm and larger
smaller than 16 mm and all 20
WWF
High Strength Polymer Grid
All exposure conditions

5.5.12 Slab on Grade

Slab on grade shall be designed in accordance with Royal Commission Engineering

Manual; Design Criteria Structural; chapter-9 (section 9.08 G.1.a) and ACI 360.

5.5.13 Soil Bearing Capacity

Maximum allowable soil bearing capacity for all types of footing shall be as per
recommendations of geotechnical investigation report.

5.5.14 QA/QC Implementation

The quality control in all design phases shall be done in accordance the R.C
Engineering Manual Chapter-9.

5.6 Safety

5.6.1 Safety Issues

Emphasis is to be placed on safety both in designs and in constructions. Contractors,
subcontractors, fabricators, suppliers, laborers, operators, drivers, and A/E's shall
comply with the OSHA standards 29 CFR part 1910 - general industry, part 1917 -
marine terminals, and part 1926 - construction industry.

 General safety and health provisions - subpart 'C'.

 Occupational health and environment controls - subpart 'D'.
 Personal protective and life saving equipment - subpart 'E'.
 Fire protection and prevention - subpart 'F'.
 Safety signals and site access - subpart 'G'.
 Materials handling, storage, use, and disposal - subpart 'H'.
 Welding and cutting - subpart 'I'.
 Scaffolds - subpart 'L'.
 Fall protection - subpart 'M'.
 Crane, derricks, hoists, elevators, and conveyors- subpart 'N'.
 Excavation, embankment stability and temporary works - subpart 'P'.
 Concrete and masonry construction - subpart 'Q'.
 Overhead protection from power transmission services - subpart 'W'.
The contractor shall develop an emergency response and evacuation plan to the
satisfaction of royal commission's ES&H staff.

5.6.2 Safety Improvement Solutions

Orientation seminars for all workers and equipment screening shall be initiated prior to
commencement of work. Daily Tool Box meetings regarding work safety shall be held to
update the personnel on the importance of safety issues.

5.7 Corrosion Protection

Reference Royal Commission Engineering Manual, Chapter 12 – Corrosion Control and

Royal Commission Guideline Specification Sections 07130 – Sheet Waterproofing,
09970 – Coatings for Steel, and 09980 – Coatings for Concrete and Masonry.
 The atmosphere, soil, and water conditions in RAZMIC are severely corrosive. The
design and construction of foundations and superstructures shall include competent
corrosion mitigation measures to achieve long-term durability. Contractors are
obligated to adopt all Royal Commission-published corrosion-related documents.
 Steel at interior, dry environments where the steel is not embedded in or connected
to concrete:
o Steel shall be cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP6 "Commercial Blast
Cleaning" to produce sharp angular surface profiles as recommended by the
paint manufacturer.
o Steel shall receive one shop coat of a two-component poly-amide cured
epoxy primer containing zinc phosphate corrosion-inhibiting pigment applied
as per the manufacturer’s instruction to produce a dry film thickness of 75
microns (3 mils) minimum. Omit shop primer at the following conditions:
 o Within 75 mm of field welds, including field welded shear studs.
o Faying surfaces of slip-critical (sc) connections.
o Surfaces to receive spray-on-fireproofing.
 Exterior steel, interior steel in wet environments, high-strength bolts, nuts, and
washers for joints, anchor rods, nuts, and plate washers, and steel parts and
accessories attached to or embedded in concrete:
o Steel shall be cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP8, "Pickling".
o Steel shall be hot-dip galvanized (HDG) after fabrication to a minimum
weight of 915 g/m2 (130 microns) as per ASTM A123 and A153 as applicable.
o For HDG steel intended to receive finish paint, the steel shall then be
cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP7 "Brush off Blast Cleaning" to produce
surface profiles recommended by the finish paint manufacturer.
 Field Touch-Up: Primer and HDG coatings at all field weld areas, abraded areas,
and all interior and exterior high-strength bolts, nuts, and washers shall be cleaned
and coated as follows:
o Steel cleaned as per SSPC-SP3 - Power-Tool cleaning or as
recommended by the paint manufacturer.
o Steel shall receive one shop coat of a two-component poly-amide cured
epoxy primer containing zinc phosphate corrosion-inhibiting pigment applied as
per the manufacturer’s instruction to produce a dry film thickness of 75 microns
(3 mils) minimum.
 Wherever possible, restrict the framing to eliminate steel-to-steel contact as
described in the Royal Commission Engineering Manual, Chapter 12, Figures 12A
and 12B.
o Field welding is not permitted without specific Royal Commission approval
and only where bolting is not possible.
o Superstructures shall be detailed to shed precipitation by toeing flanged
sections down and closing the ends of open sections.
 Structural concrete in contact with soil or exposed to weather, salt, salt water,
brackish water, seawater, or spray from these sources:
o Comply with Royal Commission Guideline Specification Section 03310 –
Structural Concrete, Table 1C, Type C35 (as a minimum), and utilize silica fume
as pozzolanic replacement.
o Reinforcing steel shall comply with Royal Commission Guideline
Specification Section 03205 - Reinforcement for Concrete, fusion-bonded
epoxy-coated reinforcing (FBECR).
o The concrete cover for reinforcing shall be 75 mm.
 Structural concrete formed against soil, including, but not limited to, slabs, footings,
walls, and grade beams, shall be cast on a 50 mm minimum thick blinding slab
complying with Royal Commission Guideline Specification Section 03310 –
Structural Concrete, Table 1C, Type C20 utilizing Type V Portland cement. The top
surface of the blinding slab shall be waterproofed and the waterproofing protected
prior to commencing any work on the structural concrete.
 o Blinding slabs under slabs-on-grade shall be cast on a 200 micron
minimum thick polyethylene vapor retarder with overlapped and waterproof-
taped joints.
 As required by the Royal Commission Corrosion Specialist, structural concrete in
contact with soil shall be protected by providing either:
o Sheet membrane waterproofing and protection, sand-cement screed,
counter flashing, reglets, sealants, outside corner chamfers, and inside corner
fillets for complete “tanking” of the concrete to comply with Royal Commission
Guideline Specification Section 07130 – Sheet Membrane Waterproofing; or
o Coated to comply with Royal Commission Guideline Specification Section
09660 – High-Performance Coatings, Section 2.04.D.9b and as follows:
 Primer (two-component, solvent-free, amine-cured
epoxy sealing primer), which shall be thinned on-site as per the
manufacturer’s recommendations; and
 Intermediate and top coats (two-component,
solvent-free, amine-cured coal tar epoxy), each coat 200 microns minimum
thick with the total coating to result in a dry-film thickness (DFT) of 400
microns minimum.