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Calcium silicate bricks

The raw materials for calcium silicate bricks include lime mixed with quartz, crushed flint or
crushed siliceous rock together with mineral colourants. The materials are mixed and left until
the lime is completely hydrated, the mixture is then pressed into moulds and cured in an
autoclave for two or three hours to speed the chemical hardening. The finished bricks are very
accurate and uniform, although the sharp arrises need careful handling to avoid damage to brick
(and brick-layer). The bricks can be made in a variety of colours, white is common but pastel
shades can be achieved.

It is very common in Sweden, especially in houses built or renovated in the '70s. Here it is
referred to as "Mexitegel" (en: Mexi[can] Bricks).

In India these are known as Fly ash bricks, manufactured using the Falg process.

CONCRETE BLOCKS

In the United States, a concrete masonry unit (CMU) — also called concrete block, cement block or
foundation block — is a large rectangular brick used in construction. Concrete blocks are made from
cast concrete, i.e. Portland cement and aggregate, usually sand and fine gravel for high-density blocks.
Lower density blocks may use industrial wastes as an aggregate. Those that use cinders (fly ash or
bottom ash) are called cinder blocks in the US, breeze blocks (breeze is a synonym of ash)[1] in the UK
and are also known as besser blocks or bricks in Australia. Clinker blocks use clinker as aggregate. In
non-technical usage, the terms 'cinder block' and 'breeze block' are often generalized to cover all of
these varieties. Lightweight blocks can also be produced using aerated concrete
COMMON BRICKS

Brick Nomenclature Frequently,  the  Builder  must  cut  the  brick into  various  shapes.  The  most  common  shapes
are shown in figure 7-50. They are called half or bat, three-quarter   closure,   quarter   closure,   king closure, queen
closure, and split. They are used to  fill  in  the  spaces  at  corners  and  such  other places  where  a  full  brick  will
not  fit. The six surfaces of a brick are called the cull, the beds, the side, the end, and the face, as shown in  figure  7-
51. Brick  Classification A   finished   brick   structure   contains   FACE brick  (brick  placed  on  the  exposed  face
of  the structure)  and  BACKUP  brick  (brick  placed behind the face brick). The face brick is often of higher
quality  than  the  backup  brick;  however, the entire wall may be built of COMMON brick

Common brick is brick that is made from pit-run clay,   with   no   attempt   at   color   control   and no  special
surface  treatment  like  glazing  or enameling.  Most  common  brick  is  red. Although any surface brick is a face
brick as distinguished from a backup brick, the term  face brick is  also  used  to  distinguish  high-quality  brick from
brick  that  is  of  common-brick  quality  or less.  Applying  this  criterion,  face  brick  is  more uniform in color than
common brick, and it may be obtained in a variety of colors as well. It may be specifically finished on the surface,
and in any case,  it  has  a  better  surface  appearance  than common  brick.  It  may  also  be  more  durable,  as a
result  of  the  use  of  select  clay  and  other materials,  or  as  a  result  of  special  manu- facturing  methods.
Backup  brick  may  consist  of  brick  that  is inferior  in  quality  even  to  common  brick.  Brick that  has  been
underburned  or  overburned,  or brick  made  with  inferior  clay  or  by  inferior methods,  is  often  used  for
backup  brick. Still  another  type  of  classification  divides  brick into  grades  according  to  the  probable  climatic
conditions to which it is to be exposed. These are as  follows: GRADE  SW  is  brick  designed  to  withstand
exposure   to   below-freezing   temperatures   in   a moist climate like that of the northern regions of the United
States. GRADE  MW  is  brick  designed  to  withstand exposure  to  below-freezing  temperatures  in  a  drier
climate   than   that   mentioned   in   the   previous paragraph. GRADE  NW  is  brick  primarily  intended  for
interior or backup brick. It maybe used exposed, however, in a region where no frost action occurs, or in a region
where frost action occurs, but the annual rainfall is less than 15 in. Types of Bricks There  are  many  types  of  brick.
Some  are different   in   formation   and   composition   while others   vary   according   to   their   use.   Some
commonly  used  types  of  brick  are  described  in  the following   paragraphs. COMMON brick is made of ordinary
clays or shales  and  burned  in  the  usual  manner  in  the kilns.  These  bricks  do  not  have  special  scorings or
markings and are not produced in any special color  or  surface  texture.  Common  brick  is  also known  as  hard-
and  kiln-run  brick.  It  is  used generally  for  backing  courses  in  solid  or  cavity brick walls. The harder and more
durable kinds are  preferred  for  this  purpose. FACE bricks are used in the exposed face of a wall and are higher
quality units than backup brick. They have better durability and appearance. The  most  common  colors  of  face
brick  are various  shades  of  brown,  red,  gray,  yellow,  and white. CLINKER  bricks  are  bricks  that  have  been
overburned  in  the  kilns.  This  type  of  brick  is usually hard and durable and may be irregular in shape.  Rough
hard  corresponds  to  the  clinker classification. PRESS  bricks  are  made  by  the  dry  press process.  This  class  of
brick  has  regular  smoothfaces, sharp edges, and perfectly square corners. Ordinarily,  all  press  brick  are  used
as  face brick. GLAZED   bricks   have   one   surface   of   each brick glazed in white or other colors. The ceramic
glazing consists of mineral ingredients that fuse together  in  a  glass-like  coating  during  burning. This type of
brick is particularly suited for walls or partitions in hospitals, dairies, laboratories, or other  buildings  where
cleanliness  and  ease  of cleaning are necessary. FIREBRICK is made of a special type of fire clay that will withstand
the high temperatures of fireplaces,  boilers,  and  similar  usages  without cracking or decomposing. Firebrick is
larger than regular  structural  brick,  and  often,  it  is  hand molded. CORED  BRICK  are  made  with  two  rows  of
five holes extending through their beds to reduce weight. There is no significant difference between Figure  7-52.—
Types  of  brick  masonry  bond. 7-32
FACING BRICKS

Facing bricks are bricks which are intended to be visible, and are thus designed with some aesthetic aims in mind so that
they are visually interesting and appealing to look at. Many brick manufacturers produce facing bricks, using a variety of
techniques, and they are readily available from building and home supply stores. It is also possible to make special orders
if a particular color, size, or style is desired.

As the name implies, facing bricks are designed to be used as facing, as for example on the exterior of a wall, where the
bricks will be seen. These bricks may lack the tensile strength of engineering bricks, which are used for structural
brickwork, although facing bricks can be used for structural applications in some cases. These bricks are designed to have
a neat, even appearance. They also tend to be made from materials which are interesting to look at, since they will
comprise the literal face of a building, and will be the first thing people encounter when approaching.

While facing bricks can come in classic red, it's also possible to find cream, yellow, and other colors. Some bricks may
have inclusions which add visual texture, and facing bricks can also be stamped with motifs or designs which are designed
to make them more attractive. Facing bricks can be extruded or molded, and in some cases may be made by hand,
although handmade brick can be quite expensive.

Sometimes, it is possible to find affordable facing bricks in the form of reclaimed brick. Reclaimed brick is brick which is
salvaged from a structure which is destroyed or remodeled. While reclaimed brick is sometimes chipped, scarred, smeared
with mortar, or layered in paint, it may be in good condition, in which case it can be used for facing. People may also want
to actively cultivate a slightly weathered look, in which case they may prefer to use reclaimed brick for facing because it's
already been aged, so to speak.

Some things to think about when selecting facing brick include the color and size, and what kind of pattern is going to be
created with the brickwork. There are a number of different patterns or courses which can be used to lay out brick, and
some people mix these up even further with alternating colors and other variations. With an idea of what one wants in
mind, it's possible to pick facing brick which will meet the need.

Engineering bricks

*Generally engineering bricks are red in colour, durable and strong. 


The bricks are non frost susceptible and suitable for walls that are likely to be exposed to wet and
freezing conditions. 

*Facing bricks are used primarily in the construction of external walls in domestic and commercial
applications. They are chosen for their aesthetic appeal and technical characteristics, including their
speed of use in construction. They must also meet minimum standards for weather resistance.
*Facing bricks are made using either soft mud or extruded techniques. Soft mud bricks are generally
more expensive to produce than extruded bricks. Soft mud bricks are made by throwing clay into a mould.
This throwing process is generally automated, but some soft mud bricks are hand-made (with the clay
thrown by hand into the mould). Hand-made bricks are considerably more expensive to produce than
machine-made soft mud bricks and represent only a small proportion of soft mud bricks made in Great
Britain. Extruded bricks are made by extruding clay through a nozzle, with the resultant lengths of clay
being cut by wire into individual bricks. Extruded bricks have a more regular appearance than soft mud
bricks.
*Masonry bricks are classified as either building bricks or facing bricks. The building brick is load bearing
and must have high compression strength, but appearance is no factor. In contrast, facing bricks are used
on exposed surfaces where appearance is an important consideration. In fact, appearance is the criteria
upon which facing bricks are graded. There are three different grades: 1. Type FBX-exposed
interior/exterior, uniform size and color. 2. Type FBX-exposed interior/exterior, variation in size and color.
3. Type FBA-produced to result in non-uniformity in size, color, and texture. 

*Engineering bricks are designed for use where the strength of the brick or the need for a brick to have a
low level of water absorption is paramount (eg in the construction of retaining walls or for ground works.
*Engineering bricks are usually extruded bricks. The majority of engineering bricks sold are smooth red
Class B bricks, which are also among the cheapest bricks sold. Class A engineering bricks have lower
water absorption than Class B engineering bricks and are more expensive to buy. They are often blue-
grey in appearance, and are generally used in facing applications on account of their distinctive
appearance. It is possible to use engineering bricks in facing applications, although they can be slower to
lay. In most, but not all, facing applications, Class B engineering bricks are considered to be less
attractive than facing bricks, and their colour may be less uniform. However, there are some situations
where they are used in place of facing bricks, such as in string courses to provide contrast in the
appearance of brick clad buildings.
*Yes, facing bricks be used in a construction of a house.
http://www.consolidatedbrick.co.uk/Brick…

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