DYNASTY

INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL
Chemistry Project On
GREEN CHEMISTRY

Submitted By:
Submitted To:
Name: Mohit Singhal
Name-D.V. Singh
Class- 11th A
P.G.T. Chemistry
Roll No.-22
Certified that this is the bonafide work done
by

Master: Mohit Singhal

of class XI-A
in the Chemistry Lab during the
year 2010-2011
Date: January 2011

Submitted for CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY

EDUCATION
Examination held in Chemistry Lab at Dynasty
International School.
Teacher’s Signature Examiner’
Signature

Acknowledgement
I would like to express my
sincere gratitude to my
Chemistry mentor Mr. D.V.
Singh for his vital
Support, guidance and
encouragement, without which
This project has not come forth. I
thank him for his
 support during the making of this
project.

Objecti
ve
The Objective of this project is to
study Green Chemistry, Biofuels,
Sustainable Bioenergy, its Research
Centers, and their Extraction.

Welcome to the world of

GREEN
CHEMISTRY – STUDY OF
EXTRACTION OF BIO
DIESEL…….
Indicators of Biofuels
Major BP Biofuels Inve

• BP/DuPont biobutano

• Energy Biosciences In
• $500 million over 10 y
• Supports non-food ba
fuels
• Miscanthus
• Research collaborator
• University of CA Be
• University of IL/Urba
• Lawrence Berkeley
 Indicators of Biofuels
– Increased biofuels in
capacity

E th a n o l P r o d u c

5
illion Gallons

3
Indicators of Biofuels
Chevron & Weyerhaeu
venture

• 50-50 joint venture

• Matches one of world

companies with world
products company
Indicators of Biofuels
Range Fuels groundbr
November 6, 2007

• DOE small commercia

project

• Wood waste as initial

• 20 million gallons initia

capacity

• Vinod Khosla – Ventu

capitalist/Founder
Indicators of Biofuels
DuPont & POET partn

• DuPont – Major chemical

• POET – Largest producer

world

• DOE small commercial bio

• Project focus on corncobs

feedstock
• 2011 Emmetsburg, Iow
275,000 acres of corn
• 25 million gallons from
corncobs
Indicators of Biofuels
Selected state initiativ

• The Tennessee Biofu

• Iowa State University’

Farm

• Oklahoma Bioenergy
of Oklahoma, the Univ
Oklahoma, Oklahoma
and the Noble Founda
Indicators of Biofuels
Feedstock efforts

• Ceres, Inc. and the Te

Experiment Station of
University System agr
biomass sorghum

• Ceres, Inc. and The S

Noble Foundation, Inc
biomass crops for fuel
production
Presentation
Overview

• Outlook &
Goals

• Program
Strategy

• Key Activities
Ambitious Biofuels
Timeline
20
07

20 Cost-competitive cellu
12 U.S. transportation fue
20 least 3 billion gallons
15 biofuels**

20 U.S. transportation fue

least 16 billion gallon
22 biofuels**
Strategic Focus:
Biofuels

Feedstock Feedstock Biofuels

Production Logistics Production

• Cellulosic Ethanol: Primary focu

• Alternative Light-Duty and Die
Two Major Paths to
Success

Integrated
Biorefineries

Biochemi
cal
Conversi
on
Feedstock • Enzymatic
Production & hydrolysis •
Logistics • Lignin •
conversion •
• Energy crops
• Residue
harvesting Thermochemi
cal
 Cellulosic Ethanol Pot
Status

Cellulosic ethanol anticipated

competitiveness andsustaina
arekeyto biofuels growthpo

Historical and ProjectedCellulosic

Ethanol Costs
700

600
Cost reductions
500 to date
g Price (cents/gal)

400

Future goa
300
Schedule of Activities N
Achieve Commercial P
at Scale

Feedstoc R&D
R&D
k
- Develop sustainable Implementa
Implementa
land management
practices - Farmers rev
- Inventory regional practices
supplies
- Basic research into
plants
Conversi Plant
Plant construction
construction Testing
Testing 1st Gen
on Pla
Demonstration Plants Constr
Const

R&D
R&D
Devise
Devise standards
standards
- Materials
Reg
compatibility
Infrastruct infra
ure - Intermediate Blends esta
Policy Testing
 Our Commitment to
Sustainability
EERE is committed to developing
technologies, and systems needed
grow in a way that enhances the h
environment and protects our plan
are working to…
• Develop diverse, non-food feedstocks
(e.g., switchgrass, sorghum) that require
little water or fertilizer
• Foster sustainable forestry practices
(e.g., advanced harvesting techniques) to
enhance forest health
• Selectively harvest biomass components
while leaving adequate soil nutrients
• Assess life-cycle impacts of major scale-
up in biofuels production, from feedstocks
Lifecycle Greenhouse
Emissions Associated
Different Fuels

19%
Reducti 28%
on Reducti
on

52%
Reduc
on
 Competitive Solicitati
Diverse RD&D Partne
Commercial-Scale Biorefineries (up to
• 6 cost-shared, integrated biorefiner
projects
10%-Scale Biorefinery Validation (up
s • Cost-shared, integrated biorefinery
tenth projected scale for first-of-a-k
Ethanologen Solicitation (up to $23 m
• Five selected research teams work
Enzyme Solicitation (up to $33.8 milli
• Creating commercially available, hi
inexpensive
enzyme systems for biomass hydro
Thermochemical Conversion (up to $
• Integration of gasification and catal
Joint DOE-USDA Solicitation ($18 mil
Bioenergy Research C

Three new centers un

of Science bring toge
from 18 leading unive
national labs, at least
organization, and a ra
companies.
• The Great Lakes Bioenergy Rese
the University of Wisconsin in collab
State University. The R&D portfolio
varieties of biomass plants, develop
techniques and agents for breaking
improving the microbial and chemic
convert biomass to energy products
• The BioEnergy Science Center le
 Major DOE Biofuels Pr
Locations
Geographic, Feedstock, and Tech
Diversity
Key
Carg
Compa Pacific Ethanol
Bioc
ny Biochemical
Vario
Wheat Straw/Corn
Proces Stover (Boardman, OR)
(Min
s MN)
Feedst
ock Stora Enso North
Iogen
(Locati Biochemical
America
on) Thermochemical
Wheat Straw
Wood Chips
(Shelly, ID)
(Wisconsin Rapids

DOE Joint Bioenergy

Institute Iowa State Poe
(Berkeley, CA) Thermochemical Bio
Switchgrass Cor
(Ames, IA) (Em
Novozymes
Biochemical Emery Energy IA)
Various Thermochemical
Lignol
(Davis, CA) Corn Stover
Biochemical
(Salt Lake City, UT)
Wood ICM
Residues Biochem
Genencor (Commerce Switchgr
Biochemica City, CO) Corn Sto
Abengoa
l Blue Fire (St. Jose
Biochemical/
Various Biochemical MO)
Thermo
(Palo Alto, Municipal Solid Waste Ag Waste,
CA) (Corona, CA) Switchgrass
(Hugoton, KS)

Verenium Corp
Biochemical (2)
Various
Regional Biomass Energy
Partnership 2008 Bioenerg
EISA 2007: New Targe

New Renewable Fuel Standard

• Expand use of renewable fuel
to 36 billion gallons annually b
2022
• Cellulosic biofuels component
− 3 billion gallons by 2015
− 16 billion gallons by 2022
Additional Areas of Interest and
Responsibility
− Infrastructure Development Gran
− Numerous studies, R&D on
Budget
Overview

Activity FY
2007

Feedstock Infrastructure 9,725

Platforms Research & 49,306

Development

Utilization of Platform 137,246

Outputs R&D
Conclusion
Bibliography

Biomass and Biofuels Program -

www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/

Bioenergy Research Centers -

http://genomicsgtl.energy.gov/cen

Alternative Fuels Data Center -

http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/f

Bioenergy Feedstock Information

http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/

Biomass R&D Initiative – www.bio

Grant Solicitations - www.grants.g