URAIAN PROSES
Objectives of Process Development
1. Design and construction of a new plant (grass root designing)
¤ Development of a new process for the production of new material, compound or
a product, never made in commercial quantity. New materials and new
compounds are synthesized every day.
¤ When a promising compound/ material or product is found, the best method of
developing it for commercial use is further investigated.
2. The design and development of a new process for an old process
(modernizing an existing plant)
¤ The development of a new process for the production of a product already in
large scale production.
¤ The new process may use new, cheap raw materials, avoid troublesome
processing steps, increase the production capacity or it may reduce the operation
cost.
3. Modifications and additions to existing plant: (process modification)
Existing processes are modified
a. To reduce the present energy consumption (improve energy efficiency)
b. To cater for the diversification
Pemilihan proses
¨ Koleksi berbagai macam proses, seleksi proses,
uraian proses berdasarkan tahapan proses dan
kondisi operasi-operasi
URAIAN PROSES TERPILIH
Natrium
Reaktor I Separator I Reaktor II
formiat
2. Proses sintesa
Gas CO bertekanan direaksikan dengan larutan NaOH pada suhu 200 oC
menjadi natrium formiat HCOONa.
NaOH + CO à HCOONa
3. Proses Dehidrogenasi
HCOONa diurai menjadi Na2C2O4 dan gas hidrogen dengan reaksi sbb:
2 HCOONa à (COONa)2 + H2
Proses utama pembuatan asam oksalat
Melalui pencucian dengan air, maka Na2SO4 dan PbC2O4 akan terpisahkan.
5. Proses pengasaman
Dalam proses pengasaman, PbC2O4 bereaksi dengan asam sulfat membentuk
asam oksalat H2C2O4 dan PbSO4 yang tidak larut.
NaOH 50 %
H2SO4 Ca(OH)2
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 12 HNO 3 ¾V¾
¾® 3 C 2 H 2 O 4 . 2 H 2 O + 3 H 2 O + 3 NO + 9 N 2 O
2 O5
4C 6 H 12 O 6 + 18 HNO 3 + 3H 2 O ¾V¾
¾®12 C 2 H 2 O 4 . 2 H 2 O + 9 NO 2
2 O5
Absorber
H2SO4
HNO3
Separator