Drug Study

General Name: Chlorpromazine

Brand Name: Laractyl
Classification: Antipsychotic - Antiemetic
Dosage and Frequency: 200mg 1 tab, QID
Action of Mechanism: Thorazine
Indication: The management of psychotic disorders including manifestations of
manic depressive illness, manic phase and severe behavioral
problems in children; nausea and vomiting due to stimulation of the
chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Contraindication: Comatose or depressed states due to CNS depressants; blood
dyscrasias; bone marrow depression; liver damage. Hypersensitivity
to chlorpromazine. Cross allergenicity with other phenothiazines may
occur.
Should be avoided in children or adolescents with signs or symptoms
suggestive of Reye's Syndrome. Its antiemetic effect may mask the
signs and its CNS effect may be confused with the signs of Reye's
Syndrome or other encephalopathies.
Side Effect: drowsiness,insomnia,nasal congestion, ejaculation problems,
impotence, also known as erectile dysfunction,dry mouth,nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation, difficulty passing urine, blurred
vision.
Adverse Reaction: In general members of the aliphatic group of phenothiazines have
strong sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic properties and mild
to moderate extrapyramidal effects.
Nursing Responsibility: 1. Assess mental status prior to and periodically during therapy.
 2. Drug may be given with or without meal.
3. Monitor patient for hypersensitivity to the drug.
4. Monitor Vital signs.
5. Observe patient carefully when administering medication, to
ensure that medication is actually taken and not hoarded.
6. Monitor I&O ratios and daily eight. Assess patient for signs and
symptoms of dehydration.
7. Monitor for development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
8. Monitor for any side effects and adverse reaction.

General Name: Carbamazepine

Brand Name: Tegretol
Classification: anti-seizure
Dosage and Frequency: 200mg 1 tab, QID
Action of Mechanism: Decreases synaptic transmission in the CNS by
affecting sodium channels in neurons, to prevent
seizures
Indication: Reduces anxiety, irritability, elation; impulse control
behaviour
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, seizure
disorder, myasthenia gravis, dehydration, hypothyroidism
Side Effect: Serious side effects include dangerously low red and white blood cell
counts. Severe skin reactions can occur as well as serious liver
abnormalities, such as hepatitis, resulting in jaundice. Low sodium
levels and thyroid abnormalities have been described. Minor more
common side effects include dizziness, unsteadiness, nausea,
and vomiting. Rare patients with Asian ancestry rarely may develop
severe skin reactions to carbamazepine (Stevens-Johnson
 syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis). These patients can be
identified by genetic testing, and such testing is recommended for all
Asian patients before starting therapy.
Adverse Reaction: •CNS: headache, tremors, confusion, restlessness, memory loss,
seizures, slurred speech, muscle weakness, lack of coordination,
lethargy, stupor
•CV: bradycardia, ECG changes, arrhythmias, hypotension,
peripheral circulatory collapse
•EENT: blurred vision, tinnitus
• GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps or pain, diarrhea,
dry mouth, extreme thirst, metallic taste, weight gain
• GU: polyuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, incontinence, edema,
hyponatremia
• Hematologic: leukocytosis
• Skin: rash, pruritus, alopecia, sweating, dryness or thinning of hair
Nursing Responsibility: • Monitor patient for hypersensitivity to the drug.
• Monitor Vital signs.
• Administer medication with food to minimize gastric irritation.
Tablets may be crushed if patient has difficulty swallowing. Do not
crush or chew extended-release tablets.
• Instruct patient to take carbamazepine around the clock, exactly as
directed. If a dose is missed, take as soon as possible but not just
before next dose; do not double doses. Medication should be
gradually discontinued to prevent seizures.
• Caution patients to use sunscreen and protecting clothing to
prevent photosensitivity reactions.
• Monitor for any side effects and adverse reactions
• Inform patient that frequent mouth rinses, good oral hygiene, and
sugarless gum or candy may help reduce dry mouth. Saliva
substitute may be used.
• Advise patient not to take alcohol or other CNS depressant
concurrently with this medication.