HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPP
• Sering
– Lipoatrofi (terutama stavudin dan zidovudin)
– Neuropati perifer (didanosin dan stavudin)
– Supresi sumsum tulang (zidovudin)
– Reaksi Hipersensitivitas (abacavir)
• Jarang
– Toksisitas Mitokondria (terutama stavudin)
– Steatosis Hepatik, asidosis laktat (terutama
stavudin)
– Miopati, miositis (zidovudin)
– Pankreatitis (didanosin)
– Gangguan Ginjal (tenofovir)
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Potensi Toksisitas PI
• Sering
– Akumulasi lemak
– Dislipidemi
– Hiperbilirubinemi (atazanavir, indinavir)
– Nefrolitiasis/urolitiasis (indinavir)
– Perubahan kulit (indinavir)
• Jarang
– Hepatotoksisitas
– Hiperglikemi
– Perdarahan meningkat pada hemofili
– Nefrolitiasis/urolitiasis (atazanavir)
– Perubahan EKG (atazanavir)
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• Semua
NRTI:
– Asidosis
laktat
dan
steatosis
hepaGk
(insidens
terGnggi
pada
d4T,
lalu
ddI
dan
ZDV,
terendah
dengan
TDF,
ABC,
3TC,
dan
FTC)
– Lipodistrofi
(insidens
lebih
Gnggi
pada
d4T)
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• ABC
– Reaksi
HipersensiGvitas*
– Ruam
kulit
– Mungkin
meningkatkan
risiko
Infark
Miokard
• ddI
– Intoleransi
Gastro
IntesGnal
– Neuropati
perifer
– Mungkin
meningkatkan
risiko
Infark
Miokard
– PankreaGGs
– Mungkin
menyebabkan
hipertensi
portal
non-‐sirosis
• d4T
– NeuropaG
perifer
– Lipoatrofi
– PankreaGGs
• TDF
– Gangguan
ginjal
– Densitas
tulang-‐mineral
menurun
– Sakit
kepala
– Intoleransi
GI
• ZDV
– Sakit
kepala
– Intoleransi
GI
– Lipoatrofi
– Supresi
sumsum
tulang
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• Semua
NNRTI:
– Ruam
kulit,
termasuk
sindrom
Stevens-‐Johnson
– Hepatotoksisitas
(terutama
NVP)
– Interaksi
antar
obat
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• EFV
– Neuropsikiatrik
– Kasus
defek
tuba
neural
pada
bayi
setelah
pajanan
5-‐7
minggu
– Dislipidemia
• NVP
– Sering
menyebabkan
ruam
kulit
– Hepatotoksisitas
(bisa
berat
dan
mengancam
hidup;
risiko
lebih
Gnggi
pada
pasien
dengan
jumlah
CD4
lebih
Gnggi
pada
saat
inisiasi
NVP,
dan
pada
perempuan)
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• Semua
PI:
– Hiperlipidemi
– Lipodistrofi
– Hepatotoksisitas
– Intoleransi
Gastro
IntesGnal
– Kemungkinan
meningkatkan
risiko
pendarahan
pada
hemofilia
– Interaksi
Obat
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
§ DRV
– Ruam
kulit
– Toksisitas
haG
• LPV/r
– Intoleransi
GI
– Diabetes/resistensi
insulin
– Mungkin
meningkatkan
risiko
MI
– Memperpanjang
interval
PR
dan
QT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• RAL
– Nausea
– Sakit
kepala
– Diare
– CPK
↑,
miopati,
rhabdomyolysis
– Ruam
kulit
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
0
Demam
0
Nyeri ulu hati
Ruam kulit/psoriasis
11
Perubahan bentuk
13
tubuh
Gangguan pengecap
14
Neuropati/
15
tingling
16
Diare
17
Perut kembung
26
Fatigue
26
Sakit kepala
36
Mual
Persen pasien yg tdk minum obat akibat efek samping
57
Muntah
Efek samping ~ nonadherens HAART
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
Mual
Pasien (%)
Diare
Muntah
Gangguan
gastrointestinal
Dysphagia
Sakit kepala
Insomnia
Reaksi
hipersensitifitas
/ruam kulit
Letih/lesu
(n=84)
Pusing
karena efek samping
Neuropati
Anemi
Jumlah totol
Netrofil ↓
Alasan tidak melanjutkan HAART
Anemi
14%
12%
10%
Persentase
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
0 4 12 24 36 48 60 72 84
Minggu setelah inisiasi ART
Penatalaksanaan Anemi
Derajat anemi
Mual
• Terkait
obat
– HepaGGs
akut
– PankreaGGs
akut
• Penyakit
GastrointesGnal
• Malaria
• Penyakit
SSP
• Insufiensi
ginjal
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Derajat mual
Derajat muntah
Konseling Nausea
Penatalaksanaan Nausea
• Terkait
dengan:
– Gender
(perempuan
>
laki-‐laki)
– Jumlah
CD4
/
stadium
klinis
– Pengalaman
terapi
– Etnik
(hispanik
dan
oriental)
– Riwayat
alergi
sulfur
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• Cara:
– Eskalasi
dosis
(200mg
1x/hari
lalu
200mg
Gap
12
jam)
– bd
vs
od
• Tidak
efekGf:
– korGkosteroid
– anGhistamin
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• Ringan-‐sedang:
– teruskan
– PerTmbangan
untuk
Tdak
eskalasi
dosis
– Berikan
anG-‐histamin
(steroid?)
• Berat
atau
sistemik:
– Stop
obat
• GanG
ke
obat
lain
(efavirenz)
–
50
%
ruam
kulit
menurun
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
TEN
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
DermaGGs
ExfoliaGf
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Eritema
MulGforme
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Sindrom Stevens-‐Johnson
Sindrom Stevens-Johnson
Tetes mata
• Tetes mata tanpa pengawet
deksametason 0.1% setiap Kulit
jam • Yellow soft paraffin
• Tetes mata tanpa pengawet • Dermol® 500
hipromelosa setiap jam
• Tetes mata tanpa pengawet
Steroid
kloramfenikol
• oral prednisolon 30-40 mg
od
Obat kumur
• Gelclair® oral gel tds Antihistamin
• Tablet betametason 0,5mg • klorpheniramin 4mg 3X
dilarutkan dlm 10 cc air sbg sehari dan 8mg malam
obat kumur 2X sehari.
• Beklometason atau pulmicort
inhaler spray mulut 3X sehari
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Gangguan SSP
Gangguan SSP
Hepatotoksisitas
NeuropaT
perifer
• Insidens:
5-‐10%
• Berkaitan
dengan
:
– Terapi
NRTI,
terutama
obat
“d”
– Lama
terapi
PankreaTTs
• Insidens
:
5
–
20%
• Sering
bersifat
subklinis
atau
keluhan
ringan
• Gejala
pankreaGGs
Gmbul
dalam
waktu
6
bulan
pertama
• Mulai
dari
nyeri
abdomern,
nausea
dan
vomiGng,
demam
ringan
• Sering
terjadi
pada
ddI,
ddC,
tetapi
jarang
terjadi
pada
3TC
dan
d4T
• 10%
kasus
:
fatal
• Amilase/lipase
meningkat
(asimptomaGk
hiperamilase
mungkin
bersumber
dari
kelenjar
paroGs/saliva).
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Penatalaksanaan PankreaTTs
terapi)
• Insidens: 5-20%
MiopaT
• Gangguan
mitokondria
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Miopati
Kardiomiopati
*Gejala
dan
tanda
asidemi
laktat
adalah
nausea,
vomitus,
nyeri
perut,
BB
turun,
lemah,
mialgia,
distensi
abdomen,
sesak
napas
dan
disritmi
jantung
Source:
HIV
Web
Study
(www.hivwebstudy.org);
Schambelan
M
et
al.
JAIDS
2002;31:257-‐75
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Source:
HIV
Web
Study
(www.hivwebstudy.org);
Carr
A.
Clin
Infect
Dis
2003;36
(Suppl
2):S96-‐100.
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
turun
Anion gap
Anion Gap
< 16 > 16
Laktat
<2 77% 23%
2–5 69% 31%
5 – 10 37% 63%
> 10 18% 82%
Zalsitabin
didanosin
stavudin
zidovudin
Lamivudin
Abacavir
Tenofovir
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPP
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
ACTG 5142
Lipoatrofi NRTI
50
Patients with lipoatrophy, %
40
30
20
10
0
Week 48 Week 96
P values at week 96
ZDV vs TDF: <0.001
d4T vs TDF: <0.001
Haubrich RH, et al. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 2007.
d4T vs ZDV: 0.038
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Pembesaran dada
Adipositas sentral
Lipoatrofi
Perifer
Lemak
Dorso-‐servikal
Intervensi
Patofisiologi
Faktor
Risiko
Lipohipertrofi
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPP
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Lipohipertrofi:
Patofisiologi
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Lipohipertrofi:
Pilihan
Pengobatan
• Diet/olahraga1-‐4
Lipohipertrofi:
Pilihan
Pengobatan
• Diet/olaharga
Pilihan Pengobatan
• Diet/olahraga
Pilihan Pengobatan
• Diet/olahraga
• Bedah
PlasGk
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Lipoatrofi
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Lipoatrofi
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
• Injeksi
Facsal?
– Injeksi
asam
polilakGk
Intradermal
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPP
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
1. Schambelan M et al. JAIDS 2002; 31(3):257-75. 3.
11th
CROI,
2004,
Abstract
736.
2. 11th CROI, 2004, Abstract 739. 4.
11th
CROI,
2004,
Abstract
737.
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Manajemen Dislipidemia
Lifestyle + lipid-lowering
Lifestyle therapy (statin); ART
changes Consider fibrates if TGs substitution
are main concern
Obat
Anjuran
PravastaGn
Tdk perlu penyesuaian dosis
AtorvastaGn
Titrasi Dosis
LovastaGn
Hindari
SimvastaGn
Hindari
Gemfibrozil
Tdk perlu penyesuaian dosis
Fenofibrate
Tdk perlu penyesuaian dosis
Niacin
Berhubungan dgn resistensi insulin
Bile
sequestrants
Hindari
Dube
MP
et
al.
Clin
Infect
Dis
2000;31:1216-‐24.
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPP
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV
Resistensi Insulin
Derajat hiperglikemi
1.
Dube
MP
et
al.
JAIDS
2000;27:130-‐4.
5.
Brown
TT
et
al.
AIDS
2005,
19:1375–1383
2.
Noor
MA
et
al.
AIDS
2001;15:4.
6.
Murata
H
et
al.
J
Biol
Chem
2000;275:251-‐4.
3.
Dube
MP
et
al.
AnGvir
Ther
2001;6(4):11.
Abst
17.
4.
Caron
M
et
al.
Diabetes
2001;50:1378–88
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
AND
TREATMENT
HIV
ART
CARE
SUPPORT
HIV
ART
CARE
HIV