Modems and
Asynchronous Dialup Connections
1
Overview
2
Role of the modem
EIA/TIA-232-C connection to
a PC
3
Modem signaling and cabling
(continued)
EIA/TIA-232-C connection to
Router serial interface
232-C pinouts
4
DTE communication termination
Modem Control
10
5
Connecting a modem to an access server – Async
lines
Any router configured to make and receive calls for the purposes of routing
data can be called an access server
Up to eight modems or other devices can be connected to a single 68-pin
port through an octal breakout cable. 11
Connecting a modem to a PC
12
6
Directly connecting a DTE to another DTE
– null modem cable
Transmit and receive pairs are crossed for serial to serial connections
13
During connection
modems negotiate the
fastest modulation that
both ends can accept
14
7
Error control and data compression
15
16
8
Lines types and numbering
18
9
Configuring reverse telnet
In order for reverse Telnet to work, the access server line must be
configured with the transport input protocol and modem inout
commands
The following commands are required to allow reverse Telnet via line 10:
RTA#configure terminal
RTA(config)#line 10
RTA(config-line)#transport input all
RTA(config-line)#modem inout
The modem inout command is required to permit both incoming and
outgoing connections on a given line.
20
10
Asynchronous interfaces and line configuration
21
11
Basic auxiliary port configuration
23
24
12
Configuring a serial interface to use a modem
25
26
13
Asynchronous interface configuration example
27
28
14
Introduction to DDR (dial on demand) – dialer list
30
15
Manual configuration of modems with standard
commands
32
16
Modem initialization strings
33
34
17
Modem capability database
35
Modem autodiscovery
18
Modem autoconfiguration
Example:
RTA(config)#line 1
RTA(config-line)#modem autoconfigure type usr_sportster
Each time a modem is reset, a chat script is executed that
sends a string of modem configuration commands to the
modem
37
38
19
Chat scripts for async lines
A chat script is a string of text that includes commands that can be sent to
a device when performing a specific task.
Router(config)#chat-script script-name expect-string send-string
Example:
RTA(config)#chat-script Reno ABORT ERROR ABORT BUSY "" "ATZ"
OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
SanJose Config
40
20
Configuring asynchronous connections between
remote routers
San Francisco
Config
41
42
21
Troubleshooting modem autoconfiguration
44
22
Configuring an asynchronous dialup connection on
the AUX port
45
46
23
Summary
This module discussed how to configure an access server for modem
connectivity, including:
How to perform a reverse Telnet session to the modem.
How to configure the modem and router for basic asynchronous
operations.
How to use modem autoconfiguration.
47
24
Note
49
Presentation Slides
25
Modem signaling and cabling
51
Modem Signaling
• CCNP candidates should be familiar with the signaling and pins used.
• Asynchronous data communications uses DTE (Data Terminal
Equipment) and DCE (Data Circuit Terminating Equipment).
• EIA/TIA-232 defines the standard for the interface between DCE and
DTE (previously referred to as RS-232-C, “RS” stood for
“recommended standard”.
52
26
Modem Signaling
• Data Transfer
– Uses TD, RD, and GRD
• Data Flow Control
– Uses RTS and CTS
• Modem Control
– Uses DSR, DTR, and CD (or DCD)
53
Modem Signaling
54
27
Connecting a modem to a router
• Most, but not all, models of Cisco routers have an AUX port.
• The AUX port is typically used to connect a modem to manage the
router remotely or to send and receive data through dial-on-demand
Routing (DDR).
• Most AUX ports have an RJ-45 connection, although older router
models may use DB-9 or DB-25.
56
28
Connecting a modem to a router – Serial
57
• All routers have console ports, but modems are rarely connected to
them.
• This is because the console port does not support hardware flow
control.
• The RTS and CTS pins are not supported as they are on an AUX port.
• If desired, a modem can be connected to the console port using a
rollover cable and an RJ-45 to DB-25 male DCE adapter, which is
attached to the modem.
• Since the console port does not support flow control, the speed of the
connected modem should be limited to 9600 bits per second (bps).
58
29
Connecting a modem to an access server
– Async lines
• Any router configured to make and receive calls for the purposes of
routing data can be called an access server.
• In terms of product names, Cisco Systems applies the term “access
server” only to devices built especially as concentration points
for dial-in and dial-out calls.
• Some of these devices can feature hundreds of asynchronous
interfaces.
• The octal interface is very common and is used to connect to modems.
It can also be used to connect to the console ports of other routers for
management purposes.
59
Connecting a modem to a PC
60
30
Modem Configuring Using Reverse Telnet
62
31
Reverse Telnet
32
Lines types and
numbering
Cisco devices have the following four types of lines in this order:
• CON or CTY (Console line) – Is typically used to log into the router for
configuration purposes.
– It is assigned line number 0.
• TTY (Asynchronous line) – Can be a dedicated async interface or a
synchronous interface configured as an asynchronous interface.
– Line numbering varies between platforms.
– There are typically reserved ranges that can be assigned to an
asynchronous interface.
• AUX (Auxiliary line) – EIA/TIA-232-C DTE port is used as a backup
asynchronous port and is identified as a TTY interface by the router.
– It cannot be used as a second console port. (some models it can be)
– Rather, it is assigned the last possible TTY line number plus 1.
• VTY (Virtual terminal line) – Is used for incoming Telnet.
– It is assigned the last possible TTY line number plus 2 through the
maximum number of VTY lines specified with the line vty command.
65
66
33
Lines types and
numbering
67
Synchronous and
Asynchronous Ports
Asynchronous
Synchronous
34
Let’s see where we are…
69
Notice the
“absolute” line
numbers.
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
Always 0 * 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 1 5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 2 6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 1 – 4 are
-
reserved for
9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTYs
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
35
Configure interfaces synchronous to
asynchronous
Configure
Serial 1 as
asynchronous
Cisco-1720(config)#interface serial 1
Cisco-1720(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 2 2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Why is it
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 2 and 8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
not TTY 1? 9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 1, 3-4
71
Configure
Serial 1 as
asynchronous
Cisco-1720(config)#interface serial 1
Cisco-1720(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 2 2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
Because TTY 1
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
is reserved for 7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Serial 0, in 8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
case we make 9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
that 10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
asynchronous! Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 1, 3-4
72
36
show line and physical-layer async
Router#show line
Router(config-if)#physical-layer async
Router#show line
• This command shows the status of aynchronous lines, console, TTY,
AUX, and VTY.
Router(config-if)#physical-layer async
• This command configures a synchronous interface into an
asynchronous interface.
73
show line
74
37
Show line command - 2621
Cisco-2621#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
Always 0 * 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 1 65 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 2 66 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
67 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
68 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
69 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
70 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
76
38
Show line
command - 2621
Configure Serial 0 and Serial 1 as
asynchronous
Cisco-2621(config)#inter s 0/0
Cisco-2621(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-2621(config)#inter s 0/1
Cisco-2621(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-2621#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 1 1 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se0/0
TTY 2 2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se0/1
65 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
66 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
67 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
68 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
69 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
70 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 3-64
77
39
3600 Series
Router
• The numbering scheme was expanded for the 3600 series router.
• The console is still line 0.
• The AUX port is still after the TTYs, (TTY+1), however…
• The VTY ports are still counted after the TTYs, (TTY+2), however…
• Cisco uses reserved numbering for available slots.
– Slot 0: reserved lines 1-32
– Slot 1: reserved lines 33-64
– Slot 2: reserved lines 65-96
– Slot 3: reserved lines 97-128
79
3640#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
I 65 TTY - inout 0 0 0/0 -
I 66 TTY - inout 0 0 0/0 -
I 67 TTY - inout 0 0 0/0 -
I 68 TTY - inout 0 0 0/0 -
I 69 TTY - inout 0 0 0/0 -
I 70 TTY - inout 0 0 0/0 -
129 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
130 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
131 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
132 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
133 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
135 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
40
3600 Series Router
interface Serial 3/0
physical-layer async
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
line 97
modem inout
transport input all
<etc.>
line aux 0
line aux 0 4
<etc.>
• Example: 3640
– Slot 3 has reserved lines 97-128
– Serial 3/0 is the first serial interface in slot 3
– Line 97 = (Slot 3 x 32) + 1 = 96 + 1 = 97
81
3620 Series
Router
82
41
Line Configuration
83
• Whereas the interface is for configuring the logical of the port, the line
is used for configuring the physical aspects of the line (port).
– line speed between router (DTE) and modem (DCE)
– Flowcontrol
– number of stop bits
– etc.
84
42
Typical Line
Cisco-1720 #line 2
Configuration Cisco-1720(line)#login
Cisco-1720(line)# password cisco
Cisco-1720(line)# speed 115200
Cisco-1720(line)# flowcontrol hardware
Cisco-1720(line)# modem inout
Cisco-1720(line)# stopbits 1
Cisco-1720(line)# transport input all
• speed 115200: Determines the line speed, not the speed for the dialup
connection.
– Speed between DTE (router) and DCE (modem)
– For effective compression the line speed needs to be greater that the
dialup connection speed or modem will be starved for data and bandwidth
will be wasted
– Typically, this value should be set to the maximum supported speed
between both devices.
– It is also important to lock the speed of the modem to match the line
configuration of the router.
• flowcontrol hardware: Modem tells the router when its buffers are full.
Hardware option tells router to use RTS/CTS for flow control.
– Other options are software and none (default).
85
Typical Line
Cisco-1720 #line 2
Configuration Cisco-1720(line)#login
Cisco-1720(line)# password cisco
Cisco-1720(line)# speed 115200
Cisco-1720(line)# flowcontrol hardware
Cisco-1720(line)# modem inout
Cisco-1720(line)# stopbits 1
Cisco-1720(line)# transport input all
• stopbits 1: Sets the number of stop bits to one per byte (octet)
– Options are 1, 1.5, or 2.
– The default setting is 2.
– The modem and the router must use the same number of stop bits.
– Reducing the number of stop bits from 2 to 1 will improve
throughput by reducing asynchronous framing overhead.
• transport input all: allows all protocols inbound on a specific line,
• modem inout: allows both incoming and outgoing calls.
86
43
Typical Line
Configuration
Cisco-1720(config)#line 2
Cisco-1720(line)# transport input telnet
Cisco-1720(line)# modem dialin
• The transport input telnet command will only allow the telnet
protocol to connect to a specific line.
• The modem dialin command restricts the line to incoming calls only.
87
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
I 2 TTY 115200/115200- inout 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
I = Inactive
88
44
who or show users all
Absolute Relative (logical)
Modem Configuration
90
45
Modem configuration methods
92
46
Manual Configuration – AT Commands
93
94
47
Manual configuration of modems with
nonstandard modem commands
95
96
48
Automatic configuration of modems
98
49
Modem
autodiscovery
Modem
autodiscovery
100
50
Modem
autoconfiguration
Command
Router(config-line)#modem autoconfigure type modem-string
101
List of modemcap
modems, entries for a
first one specific
listed is the modem
default.
51
Fine-tuning modem autoconfiguration
• If none of the strings from the modemcap properly initialize the modem, then
the modem must be manually configured, or a modemcap database entry must
be added.
• To manually configure the modem, use reverse Telnet to connect to it and
issue AT commands as discussed previously.
• Note: User-defined modemcap entries become part of the running
configuration file and not a permanent part of the IOS database. Be sure to
copy the running configuration to NVRAM after making changes to the
modemcap database.
103
Command
Router(config)#chat-script script-name expect-string send-string
Example
Router(config)#chat-script Reno ABORT ERROR ABORT BUSY "" "ATZ"
OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
52
Chat scripts for
async lines
Don’t memorize these!
Plenty of examples.
• The ATDT \T command is critical when writing a chat script for placing
a call.
• The ATDT string instructs the modem to dial a number, using tones.
• The D stands for dial and the second T stands for tone.
• The router replaces the \T, the third T in the string, with a pre-
configured phone number from a dialer map before sending the string
to the modem.
• Note that chat scripts can also be used to pass login information to a
remote system. These scripts, not covered in this course, are referred
to as system scripts.
106
53
Chat scripts for async lines - applying
Chat scripts
54
Online Curriculum
Presentation
Overview
55
Part 1 - Modem Functions
• To use analog phone lines for data transmission, the digital signal must
be converted to an analog tone that can be carried by the POTS.
• The analog signal is then reconverted to a digital signal for the
receiving computer.
• A device called a modem performs two conversions.
• A modem is both a modulator and a demodulator.
112
56
Role of the modem
114
57
Modem signaling and cabling
115
58
The EIA/TIA-232-C
standard
118
59
DTE communication termination - DTR
2–Terminate connection
1–Drop DTR with remote modem,
drop CD
120
60
DTE communication termination - CD
2–Terminate connection 3–Detects drop in
1–Drop DTR with remote modem, CD, alert router,
drop CD drop DCD
121
122
61
Connecting a modem to a router
• Most, but not all, models of Cisco routers have an AUX port.
• The AUX port is typically used to connect a modem to manage the
router remotely or to send and receive data through dial-on-demand
Routing (DDR).
• Most AUX ports have an RJ-45 connection, although older router
models may use DB-9 or DB-25.
124
62
Connecting a modem to a router – Serial
125
• All routers have console ports, but modems are rarely connected to
them.
• This is because the console port does not support hardware flow
control.
• The RTS and CTS pins are not supported as they are on an AUX port.
• If desired, a modem can be connected to the console port using a
rollover cable and an RJ-45 to DB-25 male DCE adapter, which is
attached to the modem.
• Since the console port does not support flow control, the speed of the
connected modem should be limited to 9600 bits per second (bps).
126
63
Connecting a modem to an access server
– Async lines
• Any router configured to make and receive calls for the purposes of
routing data can be called an access server.
• In terms of product names, Cisco Systems applies the term “access
server” only to devices built especially as concentration points
for dial-in and dial-out calls.
• Some of these devices can feature hundreds of asynchronous
interfaces.
• The octal interface is very common and is used to connect to modems.
It can also be used to connect to the console ports of other routers for
management purposes.
127
Connecting a modem to a PC
128
64
Directly connecting a DTE to another DTE
– null modem cable
129
65
Error control and data compression
66
Part 2 -
Configuring Asynchronous
Interfaces and Terminal Lines
Reverse Telnet
Introduction to Line Numbering
67
Connecting to the modem – reverse Telnet
• As its name implies, reverse Telnet sessions are established using the
Telnet protocol.
• The term reverse Telnet refers to the initiation of a Telnet session
from the asynchronous line, instead of accepting a connection into the
line, referred to as a forward connection.
• Reverse Telnet is typically used to communicate with and configure
a modem that is attached to a router.
• A reverse Telnet is established by specifying a different port number
other than the default Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port, 23.
• Telnetting to a destination IP address with a different TCP port creates
a Telnet connection to the specific line connected to the modem.
135
Reverse Telnet
68
Reverse Telnet
137
Cisco devices have the following four types of lines in this order:
• CON or CTY (Console line) – Is typically used to log into the router for
configuration purposes.
– It is assigned line number 0.
• TTY (Asynchronous line) – Can be a dedicated asynch interface or a
synchronous interface configured as an asynchronous interface.
– Line numbering varies between platforms.
– There are typically reserved ranges that can be assigned to an
asynchronous interface.
• AUX (Auxiliary line) – EIA/TIA-232-C DTE port is used as a backup
asynchronous port and is identified as a TTY interface by the router.
– It cannot be used as a second console port. (some models it can be)
– Rather, it is assigned the last possible TTY line number plus 1.
• VTY (Virtual terminal line) – Is used for incoming Telnet.
– It is assigned the last possible TTY line number plus 2 through the
maximum number of VTY lines specified with the line vty command.
138
69
Lines types and numbering - Example
139
140
70
Part 2 -
Configuring Asynchronous
Interfaces and Terminal Lines
Synchronous and
Asynchronous Ports
Asynchronous
Synchronous
71
Let’s see where we are…
143
Notice the
“absolute” line
numbers.
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
Always 0 * 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 1 5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 2 6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 1 – 4 are
-
reserved for
9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTYs
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
72
Configure interfaces synchronous to
asynchronous
Configure
Serial 1 as
asynchronous
Cisco-1720(config)#interface serial 1
Cisco-1720(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 2 2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Why is it
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 2 and 8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
not TTY 1? 9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 1, 3-4
145
Configure
Serial 1 as
asynchronous
Cisco-1720(config)#interface serial 1
Cisco-1720(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 2 2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
Because TTY 1
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
is reserved for 7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Serial 0, in 8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
case we make 9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
that 10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
asynchronous! Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 1, 3-4
146
73
show line and physical-layer async
Router#show line
Router(config-if)#physical-layer async
Router#show line
• This command shows the status of aynchronous lines, console, TTY,
AUX, and VTY.
Router(config-if)#physical-layer async
• This command configures a synchronous interface into an
asynchronous interface.
147
show line
148
74
Show line command - 2621
Cisco-2621#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
Always 0 * 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 1 65 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
Last TTY + 2 66 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
67 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
68 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
69 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
70 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
150
75
Show line
command - 2621
Configure Serial 0 and Serial 1 as
asynchronous
Cisco-2621(config)#inter s 0/0
Cisco-2621(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-2621(config)#inter s 0/1
Cisco-2621(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-2621#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 1 1 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se0/0
TTY 2 2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se0/1
65 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
66 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
67 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
68 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
69 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
70 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 3-64
151
76
who or show users all
Absolute Relative (logical)
154
77
Part 2 -
Configuring Asynchronous
Interfaces and Terminal Lines
Configure
Serial 1 as
asynchronous
Cisco-1720(config)#interface serial 1
Cisco-1720(config-if)#physical-layer async
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
TTY 2 2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 1, 3-4
156
78
running-config
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
2 TTY 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
Line(s) not in async mode -or- with no hardware support: 1, 3-4
RTA#configure terminal
RTA(config)#line 2
RTA(config-line)#transport input all
RTA(config-line)#modem inout
79
Typical Line Configuration
Router#line 2
Router(line)#login
Router(line)# password cisco
Router(line)# speed 115200
Router(line)# flowcontrol hardware
Router(line)# modem inout
Router(line)# stopbits 1
Router(line)# transport input all
• Whereas the interface is for configuring the logical of the port, the line
is used for configuring the physical aspects of the line (port).
– line speed between router (DTE) and modem (DCE)
– Flowcontrol
– number of stop bits
– etc.
159
Typical Line
Router#line 2
Configuration Router(line)#login
Router(line)# password cisco
Router(line)# speed 115200
Router(line)# flowcontrol hardware
Router(line)# modem inout
Router(line)# stopbits 1
Router(line)# transport input all
• speed 115200: Determines the line speed, not the speed for the dialup
connection.
– Speed between DTE (router) and DCE (modem)
– For effective compression the line speed needs to be greater that the
dialup connection speed or modem will be starved for data and bandwidth
will be wasted
– Typically, this value should be set to the maximum supported speed
between both devices.
– It is also important to lock the speed of the modem to match the line
configuration of the router.
• flowcontrol hardware: Modem tells the router when its buffers are full.
Hardware option tells router to use RTS/CTS for flow control.
– Other options are software and none (default).
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80
Typical Line
Router#line 2
Configuration Router(line)#login
Router(line)# password cisco
Router(line)# speed 115200
Router(line)# flowcontrol hardware
Router(line)# modem inout
Router(line)# stopbits 1
Router(line)# transport input all
• stopbits 1: Sets the number of stop bits to one per byte (octet)
– Options are 1, 1.5, or 2.
– The default setting is 2.
– The modem and the router must use the same number of stop bits.
– Reducing the number of stop bits from 2 to 1 will improve
throughput by reducing asynchronous framing overhead.
• transport input all: allows all protocols inbound on a specific line,
• modem inout: allows both incoming and outgoing calls.
161
Typical Line
Configuration
Cisco-1720(config)#line 2
Cisco-1720(line)# transport input telnet
Cisco-1720(line)# modem dialin
• The transport input telnet command will only allow the telnet
protocol to connect to a specific line.
• The modem dialin command restricts the line to incoming calls only.
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81
Show line Router#line 2
Router(line)#login
Router(line)# password cisco
Router(line)# speed 115200
Show running-config will
Router(line)# flowcontrol hardware
display these values
Router(line)# modem inout
Router(line)# stopbits 1
Router(line)# transport input all
Cisco-1720#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
I 2 TTY 115200/115200- inout 0 0 0/0 Se1
5 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
6 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
7 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
8 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
9 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
10 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
I = Inactive
163
Part 2 -
Configuring Asynchronous
Interfaces and Terminal Lines
82
Native Asynchronous Interfaces
165
166
83
interface async n = line n
RTA(config)#interface group-async 1
RTA(config-if)#group-range 1 7
• Asynchronous interfaces can be grouped as one logical interface to
simplify configuration.
• This eliminates the need to enter identical configuration information
across several asynchronous interfaces by creating a one-to-many
structure.
• To group several asynchronous interfaces, use the interface
group-async global configuration command.
• The group-range command is used to specify which individual
interfaces are members of the group, as shown:
• This configuration assigns asynchronous interfaces 1 through 7 under
a single master interface using the interface group-async 1
command.
• Commands entered in the group interface are applied to each
individual interface in the group.
168
84
Part 2 -
Configuring Asynchronous
Interfaces and Terminal Lines
AUX ports
170
85
Basic auxiliary port configuration - 3640
3640#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
129 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
130 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
131 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
132 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
133 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
135 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
171
172
86
Basic auxiliary port configuration - 3640
173
Part 2 -
Configuring Asynchronous
Interfaces and Terminal Lines
87
Configuring the console port to use a
modem
Don’t!
88
Part 2 -
Configuring Asynchronous
Interfaces and Terminal Lines
178
89
Examples: Async and Sync->Async
179
• DDR allows the use of dialup modems or ISDN devices to establish low volume,
periodic network connections over public circuit-switched networks.
• When implementing DDR, the router must be configured with a dialer list.
• A dialer list defines what traffic is “interesting” or worthy of establishing a call.
• A router will only establish a call if it receives interesting traffic that needs to be
routed.
• Since establishing a call generally results in a toll, it is important to make sure that
the dialer list is configured correctly.
180
90
Part 3 - Modem Configuration
Manual Configuration
Automatic Configuration
91
Manual Configuration – Reverse Telnet
183
184
92
Manual Configuration – ATS0=2
185
186
93
Modem initialization strings
187
94
Automatic configuration – 3 approaches
189
Modem
autodiscovery
95
Modem
autodiscovery
Modem
autodiscovery
192
96
Modem
autoconfiguration
Command
Router(config-line)#modem autoconfigure type modem-string
193
List of modemcap
modems, entries for a
first one specific
listed is the modem
default.
97
Fine-tuning modem autoconfiguration
• If none of the strings from the modemcap properly initialize the modem, then
the modem must be manually configured, or a modemcap database entry must
be added.
• To manually configure the modem, use reverse Telnet to connect to it and
issue AT commands as discussed previously.
• Note: User-defined modemcap entries become part of the running
configuration file and not a permanent part of the IOS database. Be sure to
copy the running configuration to NVRAM after making changes to the
modemcap database.
195
98
Chat scripts for async lines
Command
Router(config)#chat-script script-name expect-string send-string
Example
Router(config)#chat-script Reno ABORT ERROR ABORT BUSY "" "ATZ"
OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
99
Chat scripts for
async lines
• The ATDT \T command is critical when writing a chat script for placing
a call.
• The ATDT string instructs the modem to dial a number, using tones.
• The D stands for dial and the second T stands for tone.
• The router replaces the \T, the third T in the string, with a pre-
configured phone number from a dialer map before sending the string
to the modem.
• Note that chat scripts can also be used to pass login information to a
remote system. These scripts, not covered in this course, are referred
to as system scripts.
199
100
Part 3 - Modem Configuration
Example
2620 3640
AUX port
202
101
Configuring asynchronous connections
between remote routers
2620 3640
Sync->Async port
203
102
Verifying and debugging modem
autoconfiguration
205
3640#show line
Tty Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 CTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
129 AUX 9600/9600 - - 0 0 0/0 -
130 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
131 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
132 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
133 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
135 VTY - - 0 0 0/0 -
103
Troubleshooting modem
autoconfiguration
Labs
208
104
Ch. 2 – Modems and
Asynchronous Dialup Connections
The End
210
105