Kuliah

Teknologi Greenhouse dan Hidroponik

Nutrient Solution for

Hydroponics

Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
 Isi Pembahasan
1. Bahan mineral (nutrisi) apa saja yg harus ada dan
sesuai kebutuhan pertumbuhan tanaman dalam
hidroponik
2. Fenomena apa yg akan terjadi pada tanaman bila terjadi
kekurangan nutrisi tertentu,
3. Bagaimana cara membuat larutan nutrisi (mineral),
karena mineral sebagai nutrisi harus berbentu larutan
agar mudah diserap akar.
4. Mengukur Electrical Conductivity (EC), sebagai
parameter kondisi larutan dimana akar tanaman
menyerap mineral dari dalam tanah (air).
 Nutrisi apa saja ?
• Plant must have access to
all the necessary elements
• Organic, macro and micro
nutrient
• Macro nutrients are those
absorbed in large quantities
• Micro nutrients are those
absorbed in small to minute
quantities
2 kelompok nutrisi bg tanaman,
(sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman)

• Nutrisi MAKRO :
C, O, H, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
• Nutrisi MIKRO :
B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo
 Plant Nutrition : N
• Sumber : Ca(NO3)2, N
KNO3, HNO3
• Peran : diperlukan
untuk pertumbuhan
vegetatif
• Gejala kekurangan N:
Warna daun tua
berubah
• Gejala kelebihan N:
Warna daun berubah,
akar terbatas
 Plant Nutrition : P
• Sumber : MAP
NH4H2PO4, KH2PO4, Control -P
H3PO4
• Peran: Pembentukan
perakaran, bunga dan
buah
• Kekurangan P :
Pertumbuhan Sunflower: Phosphorus Deficiency
terhambat
 Plant Nutrition : K
• Sumber : KNO3,
K2SO4
• Peran : Aktivator,
meminimalkan gugur
bunga, kulit buah rata
• Kekurangan K:
Daun bagian bawah
mengering, buah
masak sebelum
waktunya
 Plant Nutrition : Ca
• Sumber : CaNO3,
CaSO4, CaCl2
• Peran : Pertumbuhan
sel, pergerakan air
• Kekurangan Ca: BER,
berkas klorosis coklat
atau hitam
Deficiency Calcium causes BER
 Plant Nutrition : Mg

• Sumber : MgSO4.7H2O
• Peran : proses
photosintesis,
transportasi energi
• Kekurangan Mg :
kualitas khlorofil
berkurang, jaringan
sel lemah
 Plant Nutrition : S
• Sumber : K2SO4,
MgSO4.7H2O,
(NH4)2SO4.
• Bekerja dengan asam
amino dan protein
• Kekurangan S :
pertumbuhan
terhambat, daun
kuning terbakar
 Plant Nutrition : B
• Sumber : H3BO3,
NaBO3
• Peran: Pembelahan
sel, transport
karbohidrat didalam
floem
• Kekurangan : mirip
dengan gejala Ca
 Plant Nutrition : Fe
• Sumber : Iron sulfat,
iron fosfat, FeEDTA
• Peran : pembawa
elektron pada proses
fotosintesis dan
respirasi
• Kekurangan Fe :
Daun muda
menguning
 Plant Nutrition : Cu
• Sumber : CuSO4.5H2O
• Peran : Fotosintesis,
aktivator enzim
• Kekurangan Cu:
Tanaman menjadi
kerdil, ukuran buah
kecil dan bentuknya
tidak sempurna
 Plant Nutrition : Mn
• Sumber: MnSO4.4H2O
• Peran : Aktivator
enzim, pembentukan
DNA
• Kekurangan Mn :
Daun kekuningan
 Plant Nutrition : Zn
• Sumber : ZnSO4.7H2O
• Peran : Pembentukan
hormon IAA
• Kekurangan Zn:
Jarak antar ruas
menjadi pendek, daun
kecil dan mengerut
 Larutan Nutrisi dalam Tangki
• Pemupukan pada
Hydroponic umumnya
menggunakan formula
pupuk cair
• Sistem pengairan
otomatis adalah metoda
terbaik utk hidroponik
• Keuntungan:
– Mengurangi TK
– Meningkatkan efektifitas
 Formula Pupuk Cair berbeda dg
pupuk biasa
• Pupuk biasa (padat) tidak bisa digunakan
untuk pupuk hidroponik
• Karena pupuk padat dirancang sebagai
suplemen pd tanah
– Tidak mengandung unsur mikro dan
elemen-elemen yg dapat ditelusuri
keberadaannya serta kandunannya
• Pupuk Hydroponic dibuat secara spesifit
sesuai keadaan tanaman :
– Masa Pertumbuhan
– Tanaman tertentu formula tertentu juga
 Approximate Atomic Weight of
Elements
Element Symbol Atomic Element Symbol Atomic
Weight Weight
Nitrogen N 14 Molybdenum Mo 96
Phosporus P 31 Zinc Zn 65
Potassium K 39 Carbon C 40
Calcium Ca 40 Chlorine Cl 35
Magnesium Mg 24 Cobalt Co 59
Iron/Ferrum Fe 56 Hydrogen H 1
Manganese Mn 55 Oxygen O 16
Boron B 11 Sodium Na 23
Copper Cu 64 Sulfur S 32
 Nutrient Required
Nama Unsur Symbol Concentration (ppm)
Nitrogen N 200
Phosporus P 60
Potassium K 300
Calcium Ca 170
Magnesium Mg 50
Iron/Ferrum Fe 12
Manganese Mn 2
Boron B 0.3
Copper Cu 0.1
Molybdenum Mo 0.2
Zinc Zn 0.1
1 liter air = 1000 g, 1 ppm = 1 mg/1.000.000 mg
 Nutrient Formula
Substance Formula Weight (g)
Potassium dihydrogen KH2PO4 263
orthophosphate
Potassium Nitrate KNO3 583
Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2. 4H20 1003
Maqnesium sulfat MgSO4.7H20 513
Fe-EDTA (CH2.N(CH2.COO)2FeNa 79
Manganous sulphate MnSO4.H2O 61
Boric acid H3BO3 1.7
Copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O 0.39
Ammonium molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O 0.37
Zinc sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O 0.44

(cooper, 1982)
 How to calculate
Nutrient Calculation - P
• Required P is 60 ppm (from KH2PO4)

• Molecules weight = 39 +(2x1)+31+(4x16)=136

• Every 136 g KH2PO4 contained 31 g P
• To obtain 1 g P needed (1/31)x136 =136/31 g KH2PO4 (if
dissolved in 1000 L produce 1 ppm P)
• 60 ppm P = 60x(136/31)=263 g KH2PO4 that dissolved in
1000 L water
 Nutrient Calculation - K

• Required K is 300 ppm (from KH2PO4 and KNO3)

• K in KH2PO4 is (39/136) x 263 g = 75 g = 75 ppm
• Still need 225 ppm that obtained from KNO3

• Molecules weight of KNO3 is 101 g so

• 225 ppm K = 225 x (1/39) X 101 g = 583 g KNO3
 Nutrient Calculation - N
• 583 g KNO3 will release [N]
• [N] in 583 g KNO3 = (14/101) x 583 g = 81 g = 81 ppm
• Still needed (300 – 81)= 119 ppm [N]
• Obtained from Ca(NO3)2.4H2O , Molecules weight = 236

• Required Ca(NO3)2.4H2O will be 119 x 236/(2x14) =

1003 g Ca(NO3)2.4H2O
 Nutrient Calculation - Ca

• 1003 g Ca(NO3)2.4H2O contain (40/236) x 1003 g = 170 g

Ca
• 170 g Ca = 170 ppm (equal with required Ca)
 Nutrient Solution
• The Formula is for 1000 l
circulated water in NFT system
• To control the concentration of
nutrient solution, it would be
more convenient to use stock
solution
• A stock solution is merely a
concentrated nutrient solution
Nutrient Solution

Stock Ready
Solution Solution

THE PLANT
 Nutrient Formula – Stock Solution
Substance Formula Weight (g)
Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2. 4H20 10030
A
Fe-EDTA (CH2.N(CH2.COO)2FeNa 790
Potassium dihydrogen KH2PO4 2630
orthophosphate
Potassium Nitrate KNO3 5830
Maqnesium sulfat MgSO4.7H20 5130
B Manganous sulphate MnSO4.H2O 61
Boric acid H3BO3 17
Copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O 3.9
Ammonium molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O 3.7
Zinc sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O 4.4

To be dissolved for 45 liter stock solution (copper,1982)

 Measurement of Electrical
Conductivity
• An estimate concentration of
nutrient element can be
obtained by measuring the
ability of the solution to
conduct an electrical current
• The greater concentration of
dissolved substances the
greater is the electrical
current that can be
conducted
 Measurement of Electrical
Conductivity

• Its resistance to conduction is

measured in unit known as
ohm
• Its electrical is reciprocal of
its resistance
– Measured in unit as mho
 Nutrient Solution

• The strengthen of solution is

measured by EC meter or
TDS meter
• Unit :
EC meter : 1 mS/cm =1 mmho
= 1 dS/m = 1.000 uS/cm
• TDS meter :
1 ppm=1mg/L=1 g/1.000L
1 mS/cm ~ 630 – 680 ppm
 Larutan AB Mix

Larutan Stok A Larutan Stok B Air Bersih

EC (mS/cm) (liter) (liter) (liter)
2,5 4,80 4,80 1.000
2,4 4,60 4,60 1.000
2,3 4,50 4,50 1.000
2,0 3,30 3,30 1.000
1,9 3,25 3,25 1.000
1,7 3,10 3,10 1.000
1,5 2,90 2,90 1.000
 EC Nutrient Solution for Crops
Vegetable pH EC (mS/cm) Vegetable pH EC (mS/cm)

Asparagus 6.0 – 6.8 0.8 – 1.8 Bawang daun 6.5 – 7.0 2.0 – 3.0
Broccoli 6.0 – 6.8 3.0 – 3.5 Lettuce 6.0 – 6.5 2.0 – 3.0
Kubis 6.5 – 7.0 2.5 – 3.0 Lettuce head 6.0 – 6.5 0.9 – 1.6
Kubis Bunga 6.5 – 7.0 1.5 – 2.0 Okra 6.0 – 6.5 2.0 – 3.0
Seledri 6.0 – 6.5 2.5 – 3.0 Bawang merah 6.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 3.0
Zucchini 5.5 – 7.5 1.2 – 1.5 Pakcoi 6.5 – 7.0 2.0 – 3.0
Terung Jepang 5.8 – 6.2 2.5 – 3.5 Radish 6.0 – 7.0 1.4 – 1.8
Mentimun 5.5 – 6.0 1.0 – 2.5 Bayam 6.0 – 7.0 1.4 – 1.8
Cabai 6.0 – 6.5 1.8 – 2.2 Melon 5.5 – 6.0 2.0 – 2.5
Tomat 5.5 – 6.5 2.0 – 5.0 Semangka 5.8 – 6.2 1.7 – 2.5
Pumpkin 5.5 – 7.5 1.7 – 2.5 Strawberry 6.0 – 6.5 1.4 – 2.0
The End