Code No: R050211802 Set No.

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II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define and explain the following :

i. Critical temperature of a gas.
ii. Critical pressure of a gas
iii. Critical volume of a gas.
(b) Dalton’s law
(c) Henrey’s law
(d) Avagadro’s hypothesis. [4+4+4+4]
2. (a) State HESS’s law and explain with example.
(b) Calculate the work done by an ideal gas when it expands from 5 bar, 3500 k
to bar 3500 k mass of air is 1.0 kg. Expansion is adiabatic.
(c) How would you determine experimentally the heat of formation of a com-
pound? Explain briefly [4+6+8]
3. (a) What is entropy and discuss how it is related to the degree of disorder?
(b) Derive the equation for the entropy change in ideal gases for the following
processes
i. Adiabatic process
ii. Isothermal process
iii. Isobaric process. [6+10]
4. (a) Explain the following
i. Phase equilibrium
ii. Chemical equilibrium
iii. Thermal equilibrium
(b) Define and explain the standard free energy change, ∆GO for a reaction, and
the Standard free energy of formation ∆GO f ,of a substance.

5. (a) state the third law of thermodynamics and explain how it rationalize the
thermo chemical data [6]
(b) What is the meaning of thermodynamically possible process [5]
(c) What are the important deductions of third law of thermodynamics [5]
6. (a) Derive the expression
∆G=RT ln (P2 /P1 ) from the fundamentals

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Code No: R050211802 Set No. 1
(b) Calculate ∆G for the process: A(s) =Al(l) at 1000K.Given melting point of
Al=933K.heat a fusion at melting point: 10.9X103 J/Mole Cp=32.5and 29.3
J/Mol.k for solid and liquid respectively. [16]

7. (a) Say true or false the following statements with suitable Explanation. Activity
of component can never be greater then unity in a system under equilibrium.
(b) State and explain Troutons rule. [16]

8. (a) Suppose that the absolute rate of a certain process cannot be measured but the
ratio of the rates r2 /r1 , at the two temperatures T2 and T1 can be measured.
Find the activation energy of this process in terms of T2 , T1 , and r2 /r1 .
(b) Distinguish between the molecularity and order of a reaction. [16]

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Code No: R050211802 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) State and explain Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

(b) Distinguish clearly between integral and excess thermodynamic properties.
(c) Explain the limitations of thermodynamics. [6+5+5]
2. (a) State and explain HESS’s law of heat summation.
(b) Explain the conclusion that are drawn from Joule - Thomson experiment.
(c) Derive an expression for the work done in isothermal expansion of an ideal
gas. [5+5+6]
heating
3. (a) Prove that for reaction liquid cooling ,gas
dp.V gas= dt (Sgas − Sliquid )
(b) Explain Gibb’s definition of entropy in detail. [16]
4. Derive the following
(a) ∆(G/T )/∆T = −H/T 2 and explain.
(b) Name the three general methods used to evaluate the entropy of substances
at a given temperature. Briefly explain the working principle. [16]
5. (a) What do you know about thermo chemical data. [8]
(b) Discuss the use of third law of thermodynamics in evolution of ∆S O of a
reaction. [8]
6. (a) Explain the fugacity of an ideal gas and non ideal gas.
(b) Explain the variation of equilibrium constant with temperature. [16]
7. (a) Derive clausius -clapeyron equation starting from fundamentals. State the
condition under which approximation is valid.
(b) Prove that violation of the Kelvin- plank statement leads to violation of the
clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics. [16]
8. (a) Suppose that the absolute rate of a certain process cannot be measured but the
ratio of the rates r2 /r1 , at the two temperatures T2 and T1 can be measured.
Find the activation energy of this process in terms of T2 , T1 , and r2 /r1 .
(b) Distinguish between the molecularity and order of a reaction. [16]

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Code No: R050211802 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write the statement for four laws of thermodynamics.

(b) Define and explain the standard state of a substance.
(c) Equation of state. [8+4+4]

2. (a) Show that internal energy is a function of temperature only.

(b) The internal energy of a closed system is given by U = 100 + 50T+ 0.04T 2
in Joules. The heat absorbed Q = 4000 +16T in Joules. ( T is in Kelvin ). If
the system changes from 500 K to 1000 K, what did the work done.
(c) Calculate the work transfer and change in internal energy if the gas is changing
its state from 1 bar, 270 to 20 bar, 4000 C polytropically. [6+6+6]

3. (a) What is entropy and discuss how it is related to the degree of disorder?
(b) Derive the equation for the entropy change in ideal gases for the following
processes
i. Adiabatic process
ii. Isothermal process
iii. Isobaric process. [6+10]

4. (a) Prove that the change in internal energy Cv dt

(b) Derive Gibbs-Helmholtz equations. [16]

5. (a) What do you know about thermo chemical data. [8]

(b) Discuss the use of third law of thermodynamics in evolution of ∆S O of a
reaction. [8]

6. (a) Derive the expression

∆G=RT ln (P2 /P1 ) from the fundamentals
(b) Calculate ∆G for the process: A(s) =Al(l) at 1000K.Given melting point of
Al=933K.heat a fusion at melting point: 10.9X103 J/Mole Cp=32.5and 29.3
J/Mol.k for solid and liquid respectively. [16]

7. (a) Derive the classius-clapyron equation for liquid vapor equilibrium.

(b) The vapor pressure of a substance A at 34.70 C is 100 mmHg and the heat of
vaporization of A is 38.6KJ/Mol.what is the vapor pressure at A at 650 C?
(Data: ∆Hvap : .6KJ/Mole R=8.3145J/Mo/K) [16]

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Code No: R050211802 Set No. 3
8. (a) Explain Zero order reaction.
(b) Explain collision theory of chemical reaction. [16]

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Code No: R050211802 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Name the following systems with proper explanation.

i. A container having water and ice exchanging heat with surroundings.
ii. A system consisting of sugar and water.
iii. A system consisting of air in a closed container.
(b) Bring out the difference among the following.
i. Thermodynamic system
ii. Thermodynamic process
iii. Thermodynamic cycle. [8+8]

2. (a) Distinguish between reversible , quasi - static ; and spontaneous process.

(b) What is HESS’s law ? Explain its application in thermodynamics with suitable
examples.
(c) Does the Joule - Thomson coefficient of a substance change with temperature
at a fixed pressure? Explain? [6+6+4]

3. (a) Write a critical essay on ‘entropy’ its physical significance the statistical inter-
pretation of entropy and the importance of entropy in thermodynamics. Give
suitable example where ever necessary.
(b) The molar heats of formation and the entropies of formation at 298k ,for vari-
ous oxides of metals ‘M’ and oxygen gas are listed below. From the information
provided calculate ∆G298 ; ∆H298 for the reaction . [16]
i. 4M o(s) + O2 (g) → 2M 2O3 (s)
ii. 2M2 O3 + O2 (g) → 4M O2 (s)
iii. 4M O2 (s) + O2 (g) → 2M2 O5 (s)
Oxide ∆H298 (KJ/Mole of Oxide) ∆H 298(J/K - Mole of Oxide)
MO -510.4 -110.7
M2 O3 -1495.6 -430.4
M O2 -870.6 -212.6
M2 O5 -1850.7 -412.6

4. (a) What are the various factors on which the free energy of substance of a fixed
mass depends? Explain them.
(b) Derive all T ds equations from thermodynamic relations. [16]

5. (a) What do you know about thermo chemical data. [8]

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Code No: R050211802 Set No. 4
(b) Discuss the use of third law of thermodynamics in evolution of ∆S O of a
reaction. [8]

6. (a) ‘Fugacity of a component is equal to its activity for ideal solution’. Say true
or false and explain why is it so.
(b) Derive an expression for the change in the free energy when 1gram mole of a
pure substance goes in solution. [16]

7. (a) Derive clausius -clapeyron equation starting from fundamentals. State the
condition under which approximation is valid.
(b) Prove that violation of the Kelvin- plank statement leads to violation of the
clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics. [16]

8. (a) Bring out the important characteristics of a catalyst and explain its action.
(b) It is often said that the rate of a typical chemical reaction doubles with every
10 degrees raise in temperature. What must be the activation energy of a
reaction for which this statement is true in the vicinity of 300k? [16]

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