Daniel Domagala

A.P. Chemistry
Lab
Acid-Base Titrations and pH Determination

Equipment
5X Small Test Tubes 4X 150 mL Beaker
250 mL Beaker 2X Buret
pH Meter 100 mL Graduated Cylinder
2X 250 mL Erlenmeyer Flask Test Tube Rack
Funnel Stirring Rod
Magnetic Stirrer

Materials
0.1 M HCl – Hydrochloric Acid
0.1 M HC2H3O2 – Acetic Acid
Methyl Violet – C24H28N3Cl
Methyl Orange – C14H14N3NaO3S
Bromcresol Green – C21H14Br4O5S
NaCl – Sodium Chloride
NaC2H3O2 – Sodium Acetate
1.0 M HC2H3O2 – Acetic Acid
0.2 M NaOH – Sodium Hydroxide
Paper….
0.1 M NaH2PO4 – Sodium Phosphate
0.1 M ZnSO4 – Zinc Sulfate
Thymol Blue – C27H30O5S
Congo Red – C32H22N6Na2O6S2
Distilled Water
Na2CO3 – Sodium Carbonate
NaHSO4 – Sodium Bisulfate
.010 HC2H3O2 – Acetic Acid
Phenolphthalein Indicator

Purpose
The purpose of this lab is to determine pH of certain weak acids, and eventually calculate the concentrations of [OH-] and [H+] in the
solution. Eventually Ka will be determined by the general equation. In part A of the experiment pH changes will be recorded using indicators
and a useful range to estimate the pH. The other method is using a pH meter and titration of a strong base. This is used when an accurate
measure of pH is needed, such as in determining values or concentrations of a solution. The Ka constant will be found by using the Law of
[! ! ]  [!! ]
Chemical Equilibrium, where: HA ßà H+ + A- & at equilibrium = !!
[!"]
Procedure
A. Determination of pH Using Acid-Base Indicators
a. Obtain five small test tubes and add about 12 drops of 0.1 M HCl
i. To each test tube add two drops of the indicator as showed in Table 22.1

b. Note the color of the solution in each case, and estimate the pH level
c. Repeat the procedure using the following solutions
i. 0.1 M NaH2PO4
ii. 0.1 M HC2H3O2
iii. 0.1 M ZnSO4

1
Daniel Domagala
A.P. Chemistry
Lab
B. Measurement of pH of Standard Solutions
a. Obtain a pH meter, and cautiously use it – the electrodes are fragile
b. Obtain 25 mL of each solution in a 150 mL beaker – record the pH of each. Rinse the electrode w/ DH2O after each use
i. NaCl
ii. Na2CO3
iii. Na2C2H3O2
iv. NaHSO4
c. Write net ionic equations that explain the pH value

C. Determination of Ka for a Weak Acid (Method I)

a. Use the procedure in Part B to measure the pH of the following solutions
i. 1.0 M HC2H3O2
ii. 0.010 M HC2H3O2
1. Given the molarities of the solution, and quantitative pH analysis, calculate the Ka constant for the acidzzz.

D. Determination of Ka for a Weak Acid (Method II)

a. Obtain a sample of unknown acid and a buret
b. Measure 100 mL DH2O in a 100 mL graduated cylinder
i. Put it in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask
ii. Dissolve all ^-^ the acid with a stirring rod
iii. Add phenolphthalein indicator
c. Split the solution equally into another 250 mL beaker
d. Fill the buret with 0.2 M NaOH - < 50 mL is needed
e. In the other flask, add distilled water until the dilution matches the titrated flask
f. Measure out 25 mL of titrated solution into a G.C. and pour it into a 150 mL beaker. Add the same amount of weak acid as
well. Determine the pH of the resulting solution, which contains equal HA and A- concentrations. Calculate Ka.

Data & Results

A. Determination of pH Using Acid-Base Indicators

Indicator HCl NaH2PO4 HC2H3O2 ZnSO4 See Data Analysis for a qualitative
Methyl Violet Blue Violet Violet Violet analysis of color in relation to pH levels
Thymol Blue Magenta Yellow Yellow Yellow
Methyl Orange Red Orange Orange Light Yellow
Congo Red Violet Violet Red Red Orange
Bromcresol Green Yellow Blue Blue Turquoise
pH Range 1.1 – 3.2 pH 3.0 – 6.3 pH 4.2 – 6.7 pH 4.9 – 6.2 pH

B. Measurement of pH of Standard Solutions

Solution: NaCl Na2CO3 NaC2H3O2 NaHSO4 See equations for analysis of the salts
pH 5.40 pH 11.08 pH 7.71 pH 1.71 pH
Color Blue Blue Blue Yellow

C. Determination of Ka for a Weak Acid (Method I)

Solution 1.0 M HC2H3O2 0.010 M HC2H3O2 For concentrations and Ka calculations see analysis
pH 2.30 pH 3.30 pH

D. Determination of Ka for a Weak Acid (Method II)

pH of final solution: 4.17 pH See calculations for Ka and [H+] concentration

Unknown no.: 10

2
Daniel Domagala
A.P. Chemistry
Lab

Data Analysis & Calculations

Conclusion
Experimentation went well, without any visible errors. Not cleaning the pH meter prongs, or diluting the base to a different concentration
may have caused errors. Errors in calculation may have persisted as well. Within them, the concentrations of the acids and bases were used to
determine the value of Ka. Sometimes, the number moles of the acid are equal to the number of moles of the base. In other words, when I
calculated Ka it was as easy as finding the concentration of [H+] to find the Ka constant. This was used for Part D of the experiment. Part A is
used as an estimation to show a model for quick pH measurements. Part B was used to get values of pH and explain them using net ionic
equations. And lastly, Part C was used to obtain concentrations and use them in the Law of Chemical Equilibrium.