COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY
 Communication
Communication is the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or
information by speech, writing, or signs. (Dictionary)
Communication is a process whereby meaning is defined and shared between living
organisms. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient.
Communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication
requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative
commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has
understood the sender. (Wikipedia)
 WAVES: Transmitting messages
A wave is a periodic disturbance in space and
time, possibly transferring energy to or through
a spacetime region.
WAVES
 WAVES
• Waves can be classified in several ways, including

• whether or not the wave produces a net propagation of energy

over time,
– Standing waves
– Traveling waves

• the medium in which the disturbance occurs,

– Mechanical waves
– Electromagnetic waves

• the direction of the wave disturbance relative to its direction of

propagation, i.e.,
– Transverse waves
– Longitudinal waves
Propagation of Energy over time
– Standing waves remain
confined to a given space
in the wave's medium.

– Traveling waves move through a space in a

medium. The wave motion transfers energy from
one point to another.
 WAVES
• the direction of the wave disturbance relative to its direction
of propagation, i.e.,
– Transverse waves oscillate perpendicularly to the motion
of the wave.
– Longitudinal waves oscillate in the same direction as the
wave.
 WAVES
• the medium in which the disturbance occurs, i.e.,
– Mechanical waves, which propagate through matter.
In each period of a mechanical wave, its medium is
first deformed, then restoring forces reverse the
deformation. For example, sound waves propagate
when air molecules bump into their neighbors,
transferring energy to them, causing a cascade of
collisions in a given direction.

– Electromagnetic waves (including visible light,

ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, gamma rays,
X-rays, and radio waves), can travel through empty
space. This type of wave consists of periodic
oscillations in electrical and magnetic fields.
 Mechanical Waves
• A mechanical wave requires a medium.
• Sound waves, coil shaped waves and pressure waves are all
examples of this phenomenon.
• Like all waves, they have a frequency, period, wavelength and
amplitude.
 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Em waves can travel through empty space or
vacuum. This type of wave consists of periodic
oscillations in electrical and magnetic fields.