Universiti Malaysia PAHANG

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

COURSE CODE

LECTURER

DATE

DURATION

SESSION/SEMESTER

PROGRAMME CODE

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

BKB3513

NO OR IDA AMALINA AHAMAD NORDIN

7 NOVEMBER 2008

3 HOURS

SESSION 2008/2009 SEMESTER I

BKB

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

1. This question paper consists of FIVE (5) questions. Answer ALL questions.

2. All answers to a new question should start on new page.

3. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:

Al - Table of Formulas

A2 - Empirical Efficiency for Standard-Dimension Cyclone Collector

A3 - Density and Dynamic Viscosity of Pure Air

A4 - Density and Dynamic Viscosity of Liquid Water

1.

APPENDIX

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of SEVEN (7) printed pages including front page.

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QUESTION 1

a) Determine the I-day BOD for a wastewater' whose 5-day 20° C BOD is 200 mg/L, The reaction constant k = 0.23 d-1• What would have been the BODs if the test had been conducted at 25° C.

(6 Marks)

b)

Tare mass of evaporating dish

Mass of evaporating dish plus resiadue after evaporation at 105° C Mass of evaporating dish plus residue after ignition at 550° C

Tare mass of Whatman GF/C filter after drying at 105° C

Mass of What man GF/C filter and residue after drying at 105° C Mass of What man GF/C filter and residue after ignition at 550° C

53.5433 g = 53.5794 g 53.5625 g = 1.5433 g 1.5554 g 1.5476 g

The following test results were obtained for a wastewater sample taken at the headworks to a wastewater-plant. All of the tests were performed using a sample size of 50 mL. Determine the concentration of:

i) Total solids

ii) Total volatile solids iii) Suspended solids

iv) Volatile suspended solids v) Total dissolve solids

vi) Total volatile dissolved solids

(12 Marks)

QUESTION 2

a) Determine the settling velocities for spherical particle in wastewater with temperature 25°C having the characteristic tabulated below in Table 1.

Table 1 : Characteristics

(6 Marks)

b) A BOD analysis is begun on Monday. Sample of waste was collected, 30 mL with a DO zero and mixed with 270 mL of dilution water with a DO of 10 mg/L. The sample is then put in an incubator. Since the fifth day falls on Saturday and lab personnel do not work on Saturday, the final DO does not get measured until Monday, the seventh day. The final DO is measured at 4.0 mg/L. However, it is discovered that the

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incubator was set at30°C. Assume a k, of 0.2 at 20°C and kT = k201.05T-2o. Determine the 5 day, 20°C BOD of the sample.

(6 Marks)

QUESTION 3

a) A wastewater treatment plan consists of primary treatment followed by an activatedsludge secondary system. Sludges from the primary clarifier and waste-activated sludge from the underflow are mixed and thickened in a gravity thickener. The primary sludge contains 1250 kg of dry solids per day with a 4% solid content. The waste-activated sludge contains 525 kg of dry solids per day and has a solids content of 1.2%. After thickening, the mixture has a solids content of 3%. Calculate:

i) The volume of sludge that must be processed after thickening

ii) The percent volume reduction in the thickener

(6 Marks)

b) A horizontal grit chamber has a average flow of 0.13 m3/s, a length of 12.5 m and a width of 0.5 m. The flow-through velocity is to be controlled at 0.25 mls. The wastewater temperature is 22°C. Assume laminar flow. Check whether a grit particle with a radius of 0.10 nun and specific gravity of 2.65 will be collected in the grit chamber.

(10 Marks)

QUESTION 4

a) Types of collection systems are classified into two categories: hauled-container systems and stationary-container systems. Sketch and explain the hauled-container collection systems.

(6 Marks)

b) Table 2 below shows the components in municipal solid waste as found in containers.

Information on the properties of solid waste is important especially for resource and energy recovery. Determine:

i) The moisture content of a solid waste sample ii) The density of a solid waste sample

iii) The energy content of a solid waste (kJ/kg dry basis)

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Plastic

Garden

Wood

Based on 100 kg sample of waste

(10 Marks)

QUESTION 5

a) What are the basic collection equipments for particulate control?

(5 Marks)

b) A settling chamber that is 12 m long, 2 m high and 2 m wide processes 240 m3/m of air at a temperature of 75°C. Determine the maximum size of the particle with specific gravity of 1.8 that is removed with a theoretical efficiency of 100 percent. Use correction factor of2.0.

(5 Marks)

c) A standard proportion cyclone was designed to remove particles which have size larger than 1 0 urn. At 50% removal efficiency, 15 urn particles will be collected. The velocity and temperature of the stream is 15 mls and Tl=C respectively. The air viscosity is 2.07 x 10-5 kg/m.s. The density of the particles is 1.8 g/cm'. The number of tum is assuming to be 10 turns .. Calculate:

i) The width of the cyclone inlet

ii) The removal efficiency if the particle size is 22.5 urn.

(6 Marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX

Al - Related Formulas

1. BOD = DOi- DOt

p

2. _1 = Y(So -S)_k

e ex d

c

Q 7. Vo = - As

2

8. F =M x~ cPR

9. dso =( 9J-lb J1/2

27rNe V;Pp

- .

11. kT = k20eT-20°

,- ,".

12. Yt = Lo(1 - e-kt)

14. Re = (/JVtPwd fl.

15. V =

M 1000.S

16. d2 = (18 fl.VhH)

P gLpp

17. 9 = 9.81 ml s?

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A2 - Empirical Efficiency for Standard-Dimension Cyclone Collector as a Function of Relative Particle Size

A3 - Density and Dynamic Viscosity of Pure Air at 1.0 atm Pressure as a Function of Temperature

¥,~

Ei ~ ....•...... ' ...•.. J4-

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A4 - Density and Dynamic Viscosity Of Liquid Water as A Function Of Temperature

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