i

KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan menyebut nama Tuhan Yang Maha Esa kami mengucapkan puji dan
syukur atas kehadirat-Nya, yang telah melimpakan rahmat, hidayah, dan
nikmat-Nya kepada kami, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan laporan
praktikum tentang “Geoteknik Kelauan I” dengan tujuan untuk memenuhi
tugas mata kuliah Geoteknik Kelautan I pada semester 3 Institut Teknologi
Sumatera Tahun Akademik 2019/2020.

Laporan paraktikum ini telah penulis susun dengan semaksimal mungkin dan
mendpatkan bantuan dari berbagai pihak sehingga dapat memperlancar
penyusunan laporan praktikum ini. Untuk itu kami menyampikan banyak
terimakasih kepada:

1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah
sehingga dapat menjalankan praktikum dan penysunan laporan dengan
baik.
2. Orang tua dan keluarga yang telah banyak memberikan doa dan dukungan
kepada penulis secara moral maupun material hingga laporan ini dapat
selesai.
3. Bapak Raahmat Kurniawan,S.T., M.T., sebagai Kepala Laboratorium
Teknik Sipil Institut Teknologi Sumatera.
4. Bapak Dedi Apriadi, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., selaku dosen penanggung jawab
mata kuliah “Geoteknik Kelautan I”
5. Muhammad Aldhiansyah Rifqi Fauzi, S.T., M.T., dan Mustarakh Gelfi,
S.T., M.Sc., selaku dosen pengajar mata kuliah “Geoteknik Kelautan I”.
6. Bapak Dheni Saputra J.P sebagai laboran Mekanika Tanah Institut
Teknologi Sumatera.
7. Semua staff dan tenaga pengajar program studi Teknik Kelautan Institut
Teknologi Sumatera.
8. Afif Nur Hani selaku asisten praktikum kelompok 3 mata kuliah
Geoteknik Kelautan I
9. Seluruh teman-teman prodi Teknik Kelautan angkatan 2018 Institut
Teknologi Sumatera yang belum bisa kami sebutkan satu persatu.
10. Semua pihak yang telah meberi bantuan secara langsung maupun secara
tidak langung, sehingga terselesainya penulisan laporan praktikum ini.

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Kami menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan dan penysunan laporan praktikum ini
masih banyak kekurangan. Penulis menerima saran dan kritik yang
memgangun untuk perbaikan penulisan laporan praktikum selanjutnya,
semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat.

Lampung Selatan, Desember 2019

Praktikan

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ..............................................................................i

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GRAFIK ..................................................................................xv
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................xvi
SATUAN....................................................................................................xviii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Definisi Geoteknik .............................................................................1

1.2 Partikel Tanah.....................................................................................2

1.2.1 Fase Tanh ...............................................................................2

1.2.2 Berat Spesifik (Gs).................................................................2

1.3 Analisi Mekanis dari Tanah................................................................2

1.4 Klasifikasi Tanah ...............................................................................4

1.5 Pemadatan Tanah ...............................................................................4

1.5.1 Pemadatan dan Prinsip-Prinsip Umum...................................5

1.5.2 Spesifikasi ASTM dan AASHTO untuk Uji Pemadata .........5

1.5.3 Pemadatan di Lapangan .........................................................6

1.6 Denah Lokasi Pengambilan Sampel .................................................7

BAB II PEMBAHASAN
2.1............................................................................................................... PE

MERIKSAAN BERAT VOLUME TANAH

2.1.1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................8

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2.1.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................9

2.1.3 Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................9

2.1.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................10

2.1.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................12

2.1.6 Perhitungan ............................................................................12

2.1.7 Analisis ..................................................................................13

2.1.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................14

2.1.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................14

2.1.8.2 Saran...........................................................................14

2.2 PEMERIKSAAN KADAR AIR

2.2.1. Pendahuluan ...........................................................................15

2.2.2. Tujuan ....................................................................................16

2.2.3. Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................16

2.2.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................18

2.2.5. Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................19

2.2.6. Perhitungan ............................................................................19

2.2.7. Analisis ..................................................................................21

2.2.8. Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................21

2.2.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................21

2.2.8.2 Saran...........................................................................21

2.3 PENGUJIAN SPECIFIC GRAVITY (GS)

2.3.1. Pendahuluan ...........................................................................22

2.3.2. Tujuan ....................................................................................23

2.3.3. Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................23

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2.3.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................26

2.3.5. Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................29

2.3.6. Perhitungan ............................................................................29

2.3.7. Analisis ..................................................................................32

2.3.8. Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................32

2.3.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................32

2.3.8.2 Saran...........................................................................32

2.4 PENGUJIAN BATAS – BATAS ATTERBERG (ATTERBERG

LIMIT)

2.4.1. Pendahuluan ...........................................................................33

2.4.2. Tujuan ....................................................................................36

2.4.3. Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................36

2.4.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................39

2.4.4.1 Batas Cair……………………………………………………39

2.4.4.2 Batas plastis…………………………………………………42

2.4.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .................................................................44

2.4.6 Perhitungan .................................................................................44

2.4.7 Analisis .......................................................................................48

2.4.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran.................................................................49

2.4.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................49

2.4.8.2 Saran ..........................................................................49

2.5 PENGUJIAN ANALISIS SARINGAN (SIEVE ANALYSIS)

2.5.1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................50

2.5.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................51

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2.5.3 Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................51

2.5.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................54

2.5.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................56

2.5.6 Perhitungan ............................................................................56

2.5.7 Analisis ..................................................................................58

2.5.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................59

2.5.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................59

2.5.8.2 Saran...........................................................................59

2.6 PENGUJIAN ANALISIS HIDROMETER

2.6.1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................60

2.6.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................62

2.6.3 Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................62

2.6.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................65

2.6.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................68

2.6.6 Perhitungan ............................................................................68

2.6.7 Analisis ..................................................................................71

2.6.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................71

2.6.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................71

2.6.8.2 Saran...........................................................................72

2.7 PENGUJIAN PEMADATAN STANDAR (STANDARD PROCTOR)

2.7.1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................73

2.7.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................75

2.7.3 Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................75

2.7.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................80

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2.7.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................84

2.7.6 Perhitungan ............................................................................85

2.7.7 Analisis ..................................................................................87

2.7.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................88

2.7.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................88

2.7.8.2 Saran...........................................................................88

2.8 PENGUJIAN PERMEABILITAS (CONSTANT HEAD)

2.8.1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................89

2.8.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................90

2.8.3 Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................90

2.8.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................92

2.8.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................94

2.8.6 Perhitungan ............................................................................95

2.8.7 Analisis ..................................................................................95

2.8.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................96

2.8.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................96

2.8.8.2 Saran...........................................................................96

2.9 PENGUJIAN KUAT TEKAN BEBAS (UNCONFINED

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH)

2.9.1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................97

2.9.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................98

2.9.3 Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................98

2.9.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................100

2.9.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................102

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2.9.6 Perhitungan ............................................................................103

2.9.7 Analisis ..................................................................................108

2.9.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................108

2.9.8.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................108

2.9.8.2 Saran...........................................................................109

2.10 PENGUJIAN GESER LANGSUNG (DIRECT SHEAR TEST)

2.10.1 Pendahuluan ...........................................................................110

2.10.2 Tujuan ....................................................................................111

2.10.3 Alat dan Bahan ......................................................................111

2.10.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................114

2.10.5 Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................117

2.10.6 Perhitungan ............................................................................119

2.10.7 Analisis ..................................................................................132

2.10.8 Kesimpulan dan Saran............................................................133

2.10.8.1 Kesimpulan...............................................................133

2.10.8.2 Saran ........................................................................133

BAB III PENUTUP

3.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................134

3.2 Saran ..................................................................................................135

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Denah Lokasi Pengambilan Sampel ................................6

Gambar 2.1. Cincin Sampel .................................................................9
Gambar 2.2. Extruder ...........................................................................9
Gambar 2.3. Spatula .............................................................................9
Gambar 2.4. Timbangan .......................................................................10
Gambar 2.5. Jangka Sorong .................................................................10
Gambar 2.6. Mengukur Diameter Cincin .............................................10
Gambar 2.7. Menimbang Massa Cincin ...............................................11
Gambar 2.8. Membentuk Sampel .........................................................11
Gambar 2.9. Mengeluarkan Sampel .....................................................11
Gambar 2.10. Menimbang Massa Tanah ...............................................12
Gambar 2.11. Kontener...........................................................................16
Gambar 2.12. Timbangan .......................................................................16
Gambar 2.13. Oven ................................................................................17
Gambar 2.14. Sarung Tangan .................................................................17
Gambar 2.15. Sampel Tanah ..................................................................17
Gambar 2.16. Siapkan Kontener.............................................................18
Gambar 2.17. Masukkan Tanah dan Timbang .......................................18
Gambar 2.18. Masukkan Kontener Kedalam Oven................................18
Gambar 2.19. Keluarkan Kontener ........................................................19
Gambar 2.20. Timbang Kembali ............................................................19
Gambar 2.21. Piknometer .......................................................................23
Gambar 2.22. Kompor ............................................................................23

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Gambar 2.23. Sarung Tangan .................................................................24

Gambar 2.24. Air Suling ........................................................................24
Gambar 2.25. Timbangan........................................................................24
Gambar 2.26. Termometer .....................................................................25
Gambar 2.27. Oven ................................................................................25
Gambar 2.28. Saringan ...........................................................................25
Gambar 2.29. Kontainer .........................................................................26
Gambar 2.30. Menyiapkan Tanah ..........................................................26
Gambar 2.31. Mengisi Piknometer Dengan Air .....................................26
Gambar 2.32. Menghitung Temperatur Awal ........................................27
Gambar 2.33. Menyaring Tanah ............................................................27
Gambar 2.34. Menambahkan Air Hingga 2/3 ........................................27
Gambar 2.35. Mengeluarkan Udara .......................................................28
Gambar 2.36. Mendinginkan Temperatur ..............................................28
Gambar 2.37. Menimbang Piknometer ..................................................28
Gambar 2.38. Memasukkan Sampel Tanah Ke Oven ............................29
Gambar 2.39. Plat Kaca...........................................................................36
Gambar 2.40. Saringan ...........................................................................36
Gambar 2.41. Cawan ..............................................................................37
Gambar 2.42. Timbangan .......................................................................37
Gambar 2.43. Oven ................................................................................37
Gambar 2.44. Spatula .............................................................................38
Gambar 2.45. Air Suling ........................................................................38
Gambar 2.46. Cawan Cassagrande ........................................................38
Gambar 2.47. Groofing Tools ................................................................39
Gambar 2.48. Cawan ..............................................................................39
Gambar 2.49. Timbang Tanah ................................................................39
Gambar 2.50. Aduk Adonan ..................................................................40

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Gambar 2.51. Meratakan Adonan ..........................................................40

Gambar 2.52. Membuat Garis Tengah....................................................40
Gambar 2.53. Putar Tuas.........................................................................41
Gambar 2.54. Jarak Pada Tanah .............................................................41
Gambar 2.55. Masukkan Oven ...............................................................41
Gambar 2.56. Timbang Kadar Air .........................................................42
Gambar 2.57. Mengambil Sampel Tanah ...............................................42
Gambar 2.58. Mencampur Air dan Tanah ..............................................42
Gambar 2.59. Membentuk Sampel .........................................................43
Gambar 2.60. Pindahkan Sampel ke Cawan ..........................................43
Gambar 2.61. Masukkan Kedalam Oven ...............................................43
Gambar 2.62. Saringan ...........................................................................51
Gambar 2.63. Shieve Shaker ..................................................................52
Gambar 2.64. Air Suling ........................................................................52
Gambar 2.65. Timbangan .......................................................................52
Gambar 2.66. Oven ................................................................................53
Gambar 2.67. Sarung Tangan .................................................................53
Gambar 2.68. Kontainer..........................................................................53
Gambar 2.69. Mengeringkan Benda Uji ................................................54
Gambar 2.70. Mengambil 500 gram Tanah ...........................................54
Gambar 2.71. Mencuci Sampel Tanah ...................................................54
Gambar 2.72. Memasukkan Sampel Kedalam Oven..............................55
Gambar 2.73. Mengayak Sampel Selama 10-15 menit ..........................55
Gambar 2.74. Menimbang Sampel Pada Tiap Saringan ........................55
Gambar 2.75. Alat Hidrometer ...............................................................62
Gambar 2.76. Gelas Ukur .......................................................................62
Gambar 2.77. Air Suling ........................................................................63
Gambar 2.78. Stopwatch ........................................................................63

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Gambar 2.79. Termometer .....................................................................63

Gambar 2.80. Sodium Hexametaphospate .............................................64
Gambar 2.81. Constant Waterbath .........................................................64
Gambar 2.82. Mixer ...............................................................................64
Gambar 2.83. Saringan No.200 ..............................................................65
Gambar 2.84. Sampel Tanah ..................................................................65
Gambar 2.85. Mengambil Sampel Kering .............................................65
Gambar 2.86. Mencampur Sodium Hexametaphospate ..........................66
Gambar 2.87. Mendiamkan Sampel Selama 8 jam ................................66
Gambar 2.88. Memasukkan Sampel Kedalam Mixer ............................66
Gambar 2.89. Mencampur Sampel .........................................................67
Gambar 2.90. Mengaduk Larutan Tanah................................................67
Gambar 2.91. Meletakkan Constant Waterbath .....................................67
Gambar 2.92. Mencatat Bacaan Hidrometer ..........................................68
Gambar 2.93. Saringan No.4 ..................................................................75
Gambar 2.94. Proctor Standard..............................................................76
Gambar 2.95. Seperangkat Mould ..........................................................76
Gambar 2.96. Oven ................................................................................76
Gambar 2.97. Kontainer .........................................................................77
Gambar 2.98. Palu Karet ........................................................................77
Gambar 2.99. Plastik Ukuran 2 kg .........................................................77
Gambar 2.100. Pisau Perata .....................................................................78
Gambar 2.101. Timbangan Ketelitian 0.01 kg .........................................78
Gambar 2.102. Air Suling ........................................................................78
Gambar 2.103. Gelas Ukur .......................................................................79
Gambar 2.104. Penampang Ukuran Sedang .............................................79
Gambar 2.105. kertas ...............................................................................79
Gambar 2.106. Mengeringkan Sampel .....................................................80

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Gambar 2.107. Menyaring Sampel dengan Saringan No.4 ......................80

Gambar 2.108. Mencampur Sampel Tanah dengan Air ...........................81
Gambar 2.109. Menimbang Massa Mould ...............................................81
Gambar 2.110. Mengolesi Bagian Dalam Mould dengan Oli ..................82
Gambar 2.111. Metode Penumbukan ASTM ...........................................82
Gambar 2.112. Menimbang Massa Mould + Tanah .................................83
Gambar 2.113. Mengambil Sampel Tanah Pada Setiap Bagian .............83
Gambar 2.114. Memasukkan Sampel Kedalam Oven .............................83
Gambar 2.115. Melakukan Kembali Langkah 5 sampai 10 ....................84
Gambar 2.116. Sampel Tanah ..................................................................90
Gambar 2.117. Permeameter.....................................................................91
Gambar 2.118. Gelas Ukur .......................................................................91
Gambar 2.119. Stopwatch ........................................................................91
Gambar 2.120. Menyiapkan Sampel ........................................................92
Gambar 2.121. Memasukkan Sampel Kedalam Permeameter .................92
Gambar 2.122. Meletakkan Permeameter dan Menghubungkan Selang
Piezometer ......................................................................93
Gambar 2.123. Menyalakan Mesin dan Menutup Kran ...........................93
Gambar 2.124. Setelah Sampel Penuh Amati H1 dan H2 Sampai
Konstan ...........................................................................93
Gambar 2.125. Setelah Konstan Hitung Perbedaan Tingginya ................94
Gambar 2.126. Alat Unconfined Compressive Strength ..........................98
Gambar 2.127. Cetakan (Mould dan Extruder) ........................................98
Gambar 2.128. Timbangan .......................................................................99
Gambar 2.129. Oven.................................................................................99
Gambar 2.130. Kontainer .........................................................................99
Gambar 2.131. Sampel Tanah...................................................................100
Gambar 2.132. Stopwatch ........................................................................100

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Gambar 2.133. Mencetak Sampel UCS ...................................................100

Gambar 2.134. Mengeluarkan Sampel .....................................................101
Gambar 2.135. Meletakka Sampel Tanah pada Alat ...............................101
Gambar 2.136. Memberikan Tekanan Vertikal ........................................101
Gambar 2.137. Mencetak Sampel Kembali .............................................102
Gambar 2.138. Oven Sampel ...................................................................102
Gambar 2.139. Alat Direct Shear Semi-Digital .......................................111
Gambar 2.140. Cincin Benda Uji .............................................................111
Gambar 2.141. Beban ...............................................................................112
Gambar 2.142. Batu Pori ..........................................................................112
Gambar 2.143. Timbangan dengan Ketelitian 0.01 gram ........................112
Gambar 2.144. Stopwatch ........................................................................113
Gambar 2.145. Oven.................................................................................113
Gambar 2.146. Sampel Tanah ..................................................................113
Gambar 2.147. Kertas Saring ...................................................................114
Gambar 2.148. Mencetak Sampel Tanah .................................................114
Gambar 2.149. Mengukur Dimensi Sampel .............................................115
Gambar 2.150. Memasangkan Batu Pori .................................................115
Gambar 2.151. Mengisi Shear Box dengan Air .......................................115
Gambar 2.152. Beban Penggantung .........................................................116
Gambar 2.153. Mencatat Beban Pergeseran ............................................116
Gambar 2.154. Menimbang Sampel Tanah...............................................117

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DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 2.1. Kadar Air vs Jumlah Ketukan ..............................................46

Grafik 2.2. Plastic Chart ........................................................................47
Grafik 2.3. Persen Lolos vs Diameter Saringan......................................57
Grafik 2.4. Persen Lolos vs Diameter Saringan......................................70
Grafik 2.5. Tegangan vs Regangan Tanah UCS......................................106
Grafik 2.6. Tegangan Geser vs Tegangan Normal..................................107
Grafik 2.7. Tegangan Geser vs Perpindahan Horizontal ........................130
Grafik 2.8. Tegangan Geser vs Tegangan Normal .................................130
Grafik 2.9 . Tegangan Geser vs Perpindahan Vertikal ............................131

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................12

Tabel 2.2. Data Hasil Perhitungan ..........................................................13
Tabel 2.3. Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................19
Tabel 2.4. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................20
Tabel 2.5. Tipe Tanah dan Rentang Nilai Gs ..........................................22
Tabel 2.6. Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................29
Tabel 2.7. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................31
Tabel 2.8. Klasifikasi Tanah ...................................................................35
Tabel 2.9. Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................44
Tabel 2.10. Data Hasil Percobaan..............................................................44
Tabel 2.11. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................47
Tabel 2.12. Data Hasil Percobaan .............................................................56
Tabel 2.13. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................58
Tabel 2.14. Variasi Nilai A Terhadap Gs ..................................................61
Tabel 2.15. Data Hasil Percobaan..............................................................68
Tabel 2.16. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................70
Tabel 2.17. Merencanakan Kadar Air........................................................81
Tabel 2.18. Data Hasil Percobaan..............................................................84
Tabel 2.19. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................87
Tabel 2.20. Data Hasil Percobaan..............................................................94
Tabel 2.21. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................95
Tabel 2.22. Data Hasil Percobaan (unconfined Compressive)...................102
Tabel 2.23. Data Hasil Percobaan Tanah UCS .........................................103

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Tabel 2.24. Data Hasil Percobaan Tanah Remolded .................................103

Tabel 2.25. Data Hasil Perhitungan (unconfined Compressive)................106
Tabel 2.26. Data Hasil Perhitungan...........................................................107
Tabel 2.27. Data Hasil Perhitungan Tanah Remolded ..............................107
Tabel 2.28. Data Uji Kuat Geser Langsung 500 Gram..............................117
Tabel 2.29. Data Uji Kuat Geser Langsung 1000 Gram............................117
Tabel 2.30. Data Uji Kuat Geser Langsung 1500 Gram............................117
Tabel 2.31. Data Hasil Uji Kuat Geser 500 Gram.....................................118
Tabel 2.32. Data Hasil Uji Kuat Geser 1000 Gram...................................118
Tabel 2.33. Data Hasil Uji Kuat Geser 1500 Gram...................................119
Tabel 2.34. Data Hasil Perhitungan Uji Kuat Geser 500 Gram.................129
Tabel 2.35. Data Hasil Perhitungan Uji Kuat Geser 1000 Gram..............130
Tabel 2.36. Data Hasil Perhitungan Uji Kuat Geser 1500 Gram ..............130

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SATUAN

Pada praktikum Makanika Tanah I, Kelompok kami menggunakan beberapa

satuan dan konversi satuan untuk memudahkan pekerjaan dan pembacaan data
dalam menyusun dan memperlajari laporan ini. Berikut disajikan data satuan
dan konversi yang digunakan.

Tabel 1.1. Satuan

Kuantitas Satuan
kg
gram
Berat (M)
kN
N
cm
Panjang (L) mm
l
Diameter (D) cm
cm3
Volume (v) l
ml
Berat Volume (g) gram/cm3
Kadar Air (W) %
Jam
Waktu (t) Menit
Detik
kN/m3
berat isi (g)
gram/cm3
Sumber: Braja M. Das

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Tabel 1.2 Konversi Unit Satuan

Satuan Konversi
1000 gram
0.0098 kN
1 kg
9,8066500286389 N
2,20463 lb
10 mm
1 cm
0,393701 Inchi
1000 cm3
1L
1000 mL
0,0166667 Menit
1 Detik
0,000277778 Jam
Sumber: Braja M. Das

KELOMPOK 3