(EM “Describing specific materials 1 In pairs, discuss the benefits and problems of recycling. Use the following examples and your own ideas. breaking up ships demolishing buildings recycling electronics scrapping cars 2 a Read the following web page and complete the missing headings using the words in the box. Aluminium Copper Glass Plastic Rubber Steet Timber Scrap can be sorted easily using magnet im. Ifthe metal is galvanised (coated steel, other metals mixed with the fron 6 be recovered a ith zinc) the zinc is ful recyclable. I its stainies such as chromium and nickel, ca recycled. 2 Cylers sorting ie cnica, as there tnaterial used in bottles and jars. and the high-grade material ppieations, which contains traces of metas \ces between the elear and coloured din engineering hia Scarcity make yoline able, an tfies the cast of removing insulation 7 Blewasnauyn the cost of meting dow existing metal is signifcanty cheeper than the ar alerie Were roauted to enact new meta fom or 5 thar ora remove korynonaery an 6 KAZE Tyres are the primary source of recyclable material. T inceran appleatons. They can also be ground ino crumbs which have vated an be reused. However, the frequent need to _ | | 7 Ll ED an obstace to recyoing ithe need to sort waste carey. While some types tani meted down or euse, many carro, or esl in low grade mater > 7 eeeeemnnemmamenmmatete 14 Unit 2 Materials technology3 4 Irina, an ecological advise ‘Complete the following sentences using from, with or of. Bronze contains significant amounts 22 Galvanised steel is steel coated Steel is an alloy derived f™\ iron, Pure metals can usually be recovered foe alloys To produce stainless steel, iron is mixed other metals. Stainless steel contains quantities ©€ chromium and nickel. Glass tableware contains traces OF — metals, such as lead. When new metal is extracted nim ore, the costs can be high copper. zinc. d inpairs, ask and answer questions about different materials using the following phrases. be recycled? What's .. made from? Where does ... come from? is talking to a group of engineers on a training course about environmentally friendly design. acaucupliases: In pairs, discuss the ideas *Preuse + Inuse = Postuse from her slide and give some examples. b B21 Listen to an extract from the talk and compare your eas with what Irina says. What example does she use to illustrate her main point? ¢ 22 Irina asks the engineers to do a simplified ‘environmental audit. Their task is to compare steel and ‘aluminium car bodywork from an ecological perspective. Listen to Sophia and Pete, two of the engineers, discussing the topic and make notes of their ideas. din pairs, do an environmental audit for the following applications and materials, Use the words and phrases in the box, Application Materials 1. electrical wires in vehicles copper and aluminium 2 external walls in houses bricks and softwood Braresiknow... Ithinkso /Td say so Im (not) sure that’s an important consideration that needs to be researched coated derived mixed recovered recycled Junit 2 Materialgkechnotogyrs green and red refer to? what do brakes do and how do they work? rial are used in brake pads and brake discs in diferent article on braking systems. In the title of the article, what do the oF In pairs, answer the following questions. T Why do most braking systems waste energy? 2 What are regenerative braking systems, and how do they save energy? 5 What characteristics are required of materials used for the brakes on racing cars? 4 Whats meant by heat soak, and why is it a problem in racing cars? EEN BRAKES =~ A RED HOT TOPIC IN MOTOR RACING As motor racing goes green, Formula 1 is aiming to lead automotive research in finding hitech efficiency gains. One Of the keys to this ecological drive is regenerative braking (also known as kinetic energy Fecovery), which energy generated recovers during deceleration, and stores it as a source of power for subsequent acceleration. Regenerative brakes _ limit the energy loss inherent in traditional braking systems. In most vehicles, conventional brakes comprise _pads previously made from asbestos- based composites, but now consisting of compounds* of exotie, non-hazardous materials, and dises made of ferrous metal. The resulting friction generates heat, which is wasted. In performance cars, this phenomenon is taken to extremes, and due to the high temperatures generated, brake discs are often made out of ceramics. The carbon discs and pads used on Formula 1 cars generate so much heat that they glow red hot. High temperatures are, in fact, necessary for the effective operation of carbon brakes. But theres still plenty ‘of potential for recovering the Kinetic energy, rather than merely dissipating it in the form of heat. The potential for recovering energy also extends to the heat generated by engines and exhaust systems. This area has also been discussed as a possible area for future exploitation in motor racing. Heat recovery might offer the added benefit of reducing heat soak (thermal absorption by the chassis) as delicate alloy parts and sensitive non- metallic materials, such as polymers, are susceptible to heat damage. Match the materials from the text (1-7) to the descriptions (a~g) 4) compounds (2 exotic 3) ferrous ae (5 alloy materials that are not metal iron and steel ‘combinations of materials mixture of metals plastie materials minerals transformed by heat rare or complexKEVLAR is an ox for /Bromatic podyanso tary The ARIQUE properties and distinct chemcal emMPoaItIOn of KEVLAR® cist guish Htfrom othe: wi fees EV DuPont and Kev Ne VE Find words in the text in E Bb to match the following definitions. DA Match the automotive parts (1-5) to the descriptioy 1 deve bets sheets inserted between parts to prevent ga id 2 brake pads reumatcenveipes in contact withthe rad surtace a — Nexible bands used in transmission systems a manna 1B Ialletrestant amour \ee pads pressed apart ics to induce R Information from DuPont” on the following page explaining some. applications of Keviar®, Complete the text using the in Exercise 90,shy the properties of Kevlar’ are especially described in the text. I es the conversation take pia 2D What too! is being discussed? B Which materials can be used for ‘Complete the following extracts from the conversation using the properties 4m Exercise 8c. Listen again and check your answers 1 The handle mustr M1 you want ito be LAQhkwielA\¥t n is as techeate d to en uralsle oof AM cea KEAbES oe 2. Resisting tricti 3 The bur has to be 4 Heat builds up in fs ae A forthe best eauts ~/ toni borhan the most important factor rot of /» hh teve of the worst situationBS Dees tisten again and answer the following questions 1 What point does Tom make about the reason or selecting materials? 2 What does he say about submarine-grade steel to exemply the soon point? & ‘What problem does he describe with regard to the marketability of many ‘materials? 4 What hard commercial fact does Louisa ev B impairs, mark the foliowing statements True (T) or False (F) according to the views expressed in the conversation. Read the audioscript on page 87 ‘and check your answers. ‘Often, exotic-sounding materials are not that ‘suitable, technically, think that a submarine steel watch must be tremendouslynt pcannt pcan