MULTICAST

I) PIM DENSE-MODE:

CONFIGURATION: All routers in the above diagram are enabled with PIM
Dense mode, host 20.0.0.1(Multicast source) runs a Multicast Video Streaming
application using the address 225.0.0.1 in this case.

The configurations for the dense-mode operation in the three routers are shown
in the running configurations as below:

OUTPUT:
The output of various verification commands shows the information about the
multicast forwarding the application as below:
The routing table will be used by multicast for best path determination & in the
example, EIGRP is configured.

R1#show ip route
Codes:
C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
D 50.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 40.0.0.2, 00:15:16, Serial0
D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 40.0.0.2, 00:36:22, Serial0
C 40.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0
D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2707456] via 40.0.0.2, 00:05:40, Serial0

To view the Multicast-routing table, use the “sh ip mroute” command.

For a PIM Dense Mode operation, the highlighted portion of the below output are
important. That which reveals the Multicast Source & the Active Multicast group
(S,G). S- denotes the Multicast Source’s IP & G - the Multicast group address.

R1#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.255.255.250), 00:26:40/00:02:22, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 00:23:55/00:00:00
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:26:40/00:00:00

(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:28:34/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 00:28:34/00:00:00
(*, 225.0.0.1), 00:06:27/00:02:58, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:06:23/00:00:00
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 00:06:27/00:00:00

(20.0.0.11, 225.0.0.1), 00:05:05/00:02:59, flags: CTA

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:05:05/00:00:00

The last couple of lines also reveal the interfaces through which the Multicast
traffic enters & leaves the router.

Another important observation is the RPF neighbor (which points to the best path
neighbor - to reach the MC source).

To know PIM details – interfaces enabled, PIM Neighbors, Hello Interval, PIM
version etc the below 2 commands are useful.

R1#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR
Mode Count Intvl Prior
10.0.0.1 Ethernet0 v2/D 0 30 1 10.0.0.1
40.0.0.1 Serial0 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R1#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table
Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR
Address Prio/Mode
40.0.0.2 Serial0 00:24:32/00:01:44 v2 1 / B S

The IGMP group members, version, Query Interval, interface members of IGMP
groups can be known with the help of the below 2 commands.

R1#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 00:27:26 00:02:32 10.0.0.20
224.0.1.40 Serial0 00:29:20 stopped 0.0.0.0
225.0.0.1 Ethernet0 00:07:09 00:02:34 10.0.0.20

R1#show ip igmp interface

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
 IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 2 joins, 0 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
Multicast designated router (DR) is 10.0.0.1 (this system)
IGMP querying router is 10.0.0.1 (this system)
No multicast groups joined
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 40.0.0.1/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 1 joins, 0 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
IGMP querying router is 0.0.0.0 (this system)
Multicast groups joined (number of users):
224.0.1.40(1)

Similar outputs can be observed in Routers R2 & R3, as shown below.

R2#show ip route
Codes:
C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 50.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 40.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 40.0.0.1, 01:15:09, Serial0
D 30.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 50.0.0.2, 00:15:03, Serial1

R2#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.255.255.254), 00:09:05/00:02:49, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:09:05/00:00:00
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:09:05/00:00:00
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 00:09:05/00:00:00

(*, 239.255.255.250), 00:08:05/00:02:53, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:08:05/00:00:00
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:08:05/00:00:00
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 00:08:06/00:00:00
(*, 224.0.1.40), 01:33:58/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:51:30/00:00:00
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 01:33:58/00:00:00

(*, 225.0.0.1), 00:04:57/00:02:58, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: D

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:04:57/00:00:00
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 00:04:57/00:00:00

(20.0.0.10, 225.0.0.1), 00:04:57/00:03:29, flags: TA

Incoming interface: Ethernet0, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:02:25/00:00:00
Serial0, Forward/Dense, 00:02:48/00:00:00
Observe that R2 is connected to the Multicast source & so has 2 outgoing
interfaces (connected to R1 & R3).

R2#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table
Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR Prio/Mode
Address
40.0.0.1 Serial0 01:34:21/00:01:29 v2 1/BS
50.0.0.2 Serial1 00:51:44/00:01:34 v2 1/BS

R2#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR
Mode Count Intvl Prior
20.0.0.1 Ethernet0 v2/D 0 30 1 20.0.0.1
40.0.0.2 Serial0 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0
50.0.0.1 Serial1 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R2#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.254 Ethernet0 00:09:41 00:02:13 20.0.0.11
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 00:08:41 00:02:17 20.0.0.10
224.0.1.40 Serial0 01:34:43 stopped 0.0.0.0

R2#show ip igmp interface

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 20.0.0.1/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 4 joins, 2 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
Multicast designated router (DR) is 20.0.0.1 (this system)
IGMP querying router is 20.0.0.1 (this system)
No multicast groups joined
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 40.0.0.2/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
 IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 1 joins, 0 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
IGMP querying router is 0.0.0.0 (this system)
Multicast groups joined (number of users):
224.0.1.40(1)
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 50.0.0.1/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 0 joins, 0 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
IGMP querying router is 0.0.0.0 (this system)
No multicast groups joined

R3#show ip route
Codes:
C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 50.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1

D 20.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 50.0.0.1, 00:11:36, Serial1
D 40.0.0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 50.0.0.1, 00:53:52, Serial1
D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/2707456] via 50.0.0.1, 00:53:52, Serial1
C 30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0

R3#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.255.255.250), 00:25:29/00:02:31, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:25:29/00:00:00
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:17:24/00:00:00

(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:53:46/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:53:46/00:00:00

(*, 225.0.0.1), 00:07:12/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Dense, 00:07:14/00:00:00
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:04:42/00:00:00

(20.0.0.10, 225.0.0.1), 00:07:14/00:02:59, flags: CTA

Incoming interface: Serial1, RPF nbr 50.0.0.1
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Dense, 00:04:42/00:00:00

R3#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table
Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR
Address Prio/Mode
50.0.0.1 Serial1 00:54:00/00:01:17 v2 1 / B S

R3#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR
Mode Count Intvl Prior
30.0.0.1 Ethernet0 v2/D 0 30 1 30.0.0.1
50.0.0.2 Serial1 v2/D 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R3#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 00:22:22 00:02:57 30.0.0.11
224.0.1.40 Serial1 00:54:20 stopped 0.0.0.0
225.0.0.1 Ethernet0 00:05:16 00:02:55 30.0.0.11

R3#show ip igmp interface

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 30.0.0.1/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 5 joins, 3 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
Multicast designated router (DR) is 30.0.0.1 (this system)
IGMP querying router is 30.0.0.1 (this system)
No multicast groups joined
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 50.0.0.2/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 1 joins, 0 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
IGMP querying router is 0.0.0.0 (this system)
Multicast groups joined (number of users):
224.0.1.40(1)

II) PIM SPARSE-MODE:

In sparse-mode, the RP(Rendezous point) configuration is additional apart from

enabling all the interfaces in sparse-mode operation.

There are two ways to configure the RP in PIM - Sparse Mode:

 1) Manual RP configuration,
2) Through election using MAPPING AGENT.

1) MANUAL RP CONFIGURATION:

The command to manually configure RP is given below:

Router(config)#ip pim rp-address <ip-address>

This command should be configured in all the routers.

CONFIGURATION:

R1#show running-config
ip multicast-routing
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Serial0
ip address 40.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
clockrate 64000
!
router eigrp 100
network 10.0.0.0
network 40.0.0.0
auto-summary
!
ip pim rp-address 20.0.0.1
!
R2#show running-config
!
ip multicast-routing
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Serial0
ip address 40.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Serial1
ip address 50.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
clockrate 64000
!
router eigrp 100
network 20.0.0.0
network 40.0.0.0
network 50.0.0.0
auto-summary
!
ip pim rp-address 20.0.0.1
!

R3#show running-config
!
ip multicast-routing
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Serial1
ip address 50.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
router eigrp 100
network 30.0.0.0
network 50.0.0.0
auto-summary
!
ip pim rp-address 20.0.0.1
!

OUTPUT:
R1#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags:
D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.255.255.254), 02:00:33/00:02:23, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: SJC

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:17:39/00:02:23

(*, 239.255.255.250), 03:39:41/00:02:21, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: SJC

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:17:36/00:02:21

(*, 224.0.1.40), 03:41:35/00:00:00, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: SJPCL

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null
(*, 225.0.0.1), 00:09:49/00:00:00, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: SJCL
Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:49/00:02:20

(20.0.0.10, 225.0.0.1), 00:07:49/00:02:59, flags: CLJT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:07:49/00:02:20

The major difference between the Dense & Sparse mode outputs is the (*,G) –
highlighted part which reveals the MC group & the RP address. This is apart from
the (S,G) which reveals the same details as in Dense mode.

One may observe that all other outputs are similar.

R1#show ip pim neighbor
PIM Neighbor Table
Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR
Address Prio/Mode
40.0.0.2 Serial0 03:37:11/00:01:16 v2 1 / B S

R1#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR
Mode Count Intvl Prior
10.0.0.1 Ethernet0 v2/S 0 30 1 10.0.0.1
40.0.0.1 Serial0 v2/S 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R1#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.254 Ethernet0 00:18:10 00:02:48 20.0.0.11
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 00:18:07 00:02:49 10.0.0.20
224.0.1.40 Serial0 03:42:06 stopped 0.0.0.0
225.0.0.1 Ethernet0 00:10:18 00:02:54 10.0.0.1

R1#show ip igmp interface

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 3 joins, 0 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
Multicast designated router (DR) is 10.0.0.1 (this system)
IGMP querying router is 10.0.0.1 (this system)
No Multicast groups joined
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 40.0.0.1/8
IGMP is enabled on interface
Current IGMP host version is 2
Current IGMP router version is 2
IGMP query interval is 60 seconds
IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds
IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds
Last member query response interval is 1000 ms
 Inbound IGMP access group is not set
IGMP activity: 2 joins, 0 leaves
Multicast routing is enabled on interface
Multicast TTL threshold is 0
IGMP querying router is 0.0.0.0 (this system)
Multicast groups joined (number of users):
224.0.1.40(1)

Let’s view a few outputs on R2 here below.

R2#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags:
D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.255.255.254), 00:09:25/00:02:57, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: S

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:25/00:02:57

(*, 239.255.255.250), 02:12:34/00:03:02, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: SJC

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Sparse, 00:05:52/00:02:34
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:18:45/00:02:22
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:25/00:03:02

(*, 224.0.1.40), 03:38:26/00:00:00, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: SJCL

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Sparse, 00:05:53/00:02:32
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:19:22/00:02:21
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:26/00:02:59

(*, 225.0.0.1), 00:16:01/00:03:01, RP 20.0.0.1, flags: S

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Sparse, 00:04:55/00:02:33
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:26/00:03:01
(20.0.0.10, 225.0.0.1), 00:10:00/00:03:29, flags: TA
Incoming interface: Ethernet0, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Sparse, 00:04:55/00:02:33
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:26/00:03:00

R2#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table
Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR
Address Prio/Mode
40.0.0.1 Serial0 00:19:06/00:01:40 v2 1 / B S
50.0.0.2 Serial1 00:18:58/00:01:18 v2 1 / B S

R2#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR
Mode Count Intvl Prior
20.0.0.1 Ethernet0 v2/S 0 30 1 20.0.0.1
40.0.0.2 Serial0 v2/S 1 30 1 0.0.0.0
50.0.0.1 Serial1 v2/S 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R2#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 00:19:16 00:02:47 20.0.0.10
224.0.1.40 Ethernet0 00:19:51 00:02:53 20.0.0.1

R3’s outputs are no different !

R3#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table
Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR
Address Prio/Mode
50.0.0.1 Serial1 00:19:44/00:01:32 v2 1 / B S

R3#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR
Mode Count Intvl Prior
30.0.0.1 Ethernet0 v2/S 0 30 1 30.0.0.1
50.0.0.2 Serial1 v2/S 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R3#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 00:19:19 00:02:45 30.0.0.11
224.0.1.40 Ethernet0 00:20:03 00:02:47 30.0.0.1
225.0.0.1 Ethernet0 00:06:35 00:02:41 30.0.0.11

It should be mentioned here that if we configure PIM Sparse-Dense mode, then

the groups for which RP is configured will work in Sparse mode & the other
groups in Dense Mode !

2) RP Election: The need for RP election is redundancy. For RP Election, we

need to enable RP candidates which participate in RP election & a Mapping
Agent to announce the elected RP (PIM Version 1).

The process of RP election takes place as follows:

Step1: RP Candidate configuration
The Routers are made to participate as candidates for the RP election with the
command:
R(config)#ip pim send-rp-announce<int-id> scope <TTL>

Where, int-id is the name and module number of any interface in the router,
which represents the router’s id for the election. TTL specifies the radius of
coverage.

Step2: Mapping agent configuration:

A Mapping agent announces the elected RP (using a hash value of the IP etc).
The command to configure a mapping agent (on any one router which may be
even an RP candidate) is given below:
R(config)#ip pim send-rp-discovery scope <TTL>
Where, TTL can be in the range of 1-255.

CONFIGURATION:
1) nomination:
R1(config)#ip pim send-rp-announce serial 0 scope 90
R2(config)#ip pim send-rp-announce serial 0 scope 78
R3(config)#ip pim send-rp-announce serial 0 scope 90

2) R2 is configured as mapping agent :

R2(config)#ip pim send-rp-discovery scope 78

OUTPUT:

R1#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
 X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.255.255.254), 00:09:57/00:02:05, RP 50.0.0.2, flags: SJC

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:57/00:02:05

(*, 239.255.255.250), 00:10:03/00:02:05, RP 50.0.0.2, flags: SJC

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:10:03/00:02:05

(*, 224.0.1.39), 00:01:39/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DP

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list: Null

(40.0.0.2, 224.0.1.39), 00:01:40/00:01:19, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

(50.0.0.1, 224.0.1.39), 00:01:27/00:01:32, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

(50.0.0.2, 224.0.1.39), 00:00:05/00:02:54, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:10:19/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:10:19/00:01:41

(40.0.0.2, 224.0.1.40), 00:00:05/00:02:54, flags: PCLT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

Observe the highlighted parts. 2 well known multicast addresses are used for RP
election.

224.0.1.39 is used for candidate announcement (S,G - S represents RP

candidate)&
224.0.1.40 is used for elected RP announcement by the mapping agent (S,G – S
represents Mapping Agent)

R2#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 239.255.255.254), 00:00:24/00:03:05, RP 50.0.0.2, flags: S

Incoming interface: Serial1, RPF nbr 50.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:24/00:03:05

(*, 239.255.255.250), 00:00:24/00:03:05, RP 50.0.0.2, flags: S

Incoming interface: Serial1, RPF nbr 50.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:24/00:03:05

(*, 224.0.1.39), 00:02:41/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21

(40.0.0.1, 224.0.1.39), 00:02:42/00:00:17, flags: CLT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.1
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21

(40.0.0.2, 224.0.1.39), 00:02:00/00:01:29, flags: CLT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.1
Outgoing interface list:
Serial1, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21

(50.0.0.1, 224.0.1.39), 00:01:47/00:01:42, flags: CLT

Incoming interface: Serial1, RPF nbr 50.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
 Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21

(50.0.0.2, 224.0.1.39), 00:01:25/00:02:34, flags: CLT

Incoming interface: Serial1, RPF nbr 50.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:38/00:02:21

(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:09:52/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:09:52/00:02:12

The 3 RP candidates are using the specified interface IPs as their IDs in RP
election which is shown in the S,G – S address of R2’s table too..

These well known MC group addresses are getting added in the below IGMP
output as well.

R2#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 00:12:55 00:01:59 20.0.0.10
224.0.1.39 Serial1 00:52:56 stopped 0.0.0.0
224.0.1.39 Serial0 00:52:56 stopped 0.0.0.0
224.0.1.39 Ethernet0 00:52:56 00:02:04 20.0.0.1
224.0.1.40 Ethernet0 02:26:48 00:02:07 20.0.0.1

Lastly, see the output when there is no explicit request for multicast from any
host on 10.0.0.0 network. The (S,G) entry for 225.0.0.1 group is missing !

R1#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Advertised via MSDP, U - URD,
I - Received Source Specific Host Report
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 239.255.255.250), 00:51:24/00:02:46, RP 50.0.0.2, flags: SJC
Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 00:51:24/00:02:46

(*, 224.0.1.39), 00:43:01/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DP

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list: Null

(40.0.0.2, 224.0.1.39), 00:00:00/00:02:59, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

(50.0.0.1, 224.0.1.39), 00:02:49/00:00:10, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

(50.0.0.2, 224.0.1.39), 00:02:28/00:00:31, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:51:41/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Serial0, Forward/Sparse, 00:51:41/00:02:21

(40.0.0.2, 224.0.1.40), 00:41:28/00:02:12, flags: PCLT

Incoming interface: Serial0, RPF nbr 40.0.0.2
Outgoing interface list: Null

R1#show ip igmp groups

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter
239.255.255.250 Ethernet0 01:40:16 00:02:50 10.0.0.20
224.0.1.40 Serial0 05:47:12 stopped 0.0.0.0