2

Mathematical Formulae
1. ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 ,

b  b 2  4ac
x
2a
Binomial Expansion
n n  n
 a  b
n
 a n    a n 1b    a n  2b 2  ...    a n  r b r  ...  b n ,
1  2 r
 n n! n n  1... n  r  1
where n is a positive integer and    
 r  r! n  r ! r!

2. TRIGONOMETRY
Identities
sin 2 A  cos 2 A  1
sec 2 A  1  tan 2 A
cos ec 2 A  1  cot 2 A
sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

cos( A  B)  cos A cos B sin A sin B

tan A  tan B
tan( A  B ) 
1 tan A tan B
sin 2 A  2sin A cos A

cos 2 A  cos 2 A  sin 2 A  2 cos 2 A  1  1  2sin 2 A

2 tan A
tan 2 A 
1  tan 2 A
1 1
sin A  sin B  2sin ( A  B) cos ( A  B)
2 2
1 1
sin A  sin B  2 cos ( A  B) sin ( A  B)
2 2
1 1
cos A  cos B  2 cos ( A  B) cos ( A  B)
2 2
1 1
cos A  cos B  2sin ( A  B ) sin ( A  B)
2 2
Formulae for ABC
a b c
  .
sin A sin B sin C

a 2  b2  c 2  2bc cos A .
1
 ab sin C
2

SACSS Preliminary Examination I 2009 4038 / 4E AM / P1

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 5 4
1 Given that P    2 3  , find P 1 .
 
Hence, solve the simultaneous equations
5 x  11  4 y
3y  2x  9  0
[5]

Express  4  5  
2 6
2 in the form pq 5, where p and q are integers. [5]
2 5

3 Solve, for x and y, the simultaneous equations

81 9 x    3 y

1 [5]
16 x  4 y 
64

4 Find all the angles between 0 and 180 inclusive which satisfy the equation
cos 5 x  cos x  sin 3 x . [6]

5 (a) Differentiate e 3 x  2 x  3 3 with respect to x. [3]

(b) Given that the gradient of a curve is 2 x  x  5 and that the curve passes through the
point (3, 1), determine the equation of the curve. [3]

3
6 Given that cot A   and that A is obtuse,
4
(a) calculate, without using a calculator, the value of
(i) sin A [2]
(ii) cos 2 A [1]
4 3 3
(b) show that the exact value of tan  A  30  . [3]
43 3

[Turn over
SACSS Preliminary Examination I 2009 4038 / 4E AM / P1
 4

8 x 2  13 x  4
7 Express in partial fractions. [6]
x3  4x 2

8 (i) Find the range of values of p for which x 2  5  p  x  3 has real roots. [4]
(ii) Hence, deduce whether the line y  5 x  15 intersects the curve y  x 2  5 . [2]

5
 1 
9 (a) (i) Obtain the first three terms in the expansion of  2   in descending powers
 2x 
of x. [2]
5
 1 
(ii) Given that the term independent of x in the expansion of  2    5 x  p  is 56,
 2x 
find the value of p. [2]

(b) In the binomial expansion of  3  x  n , the coefficient of x and x2 are equal. Find the
value of n. [3]

10 (a) A curve has the equation y  ln 4 x  k where k is a constant. Given that the tangent to
the curve at x  2 is parallel to the line 3 y  x  2 , find the value of k. [4]

(b) (i) Sketch the graph of y  2 ln x  3 . [1]

(ii) Explain how you may solve the equation e x  4  x  3 graphically, using the
graph you have sketched. [3]

11 The diagram shows a right circular cone of base radius r cm and height h cm which fits
exactly into a sphere of radius 15 cm.

SACSS Preliminary Examination I 2009 4038 / 4E AM / P1

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15

 1 
Show that the volume of the cone , V cm3, is given by V  h 10  h  .
2
(i) [4]
 3 
Given that h can vary,
(ii) find the stationary value of V, [3]
(iii) determine whether this stationary value is a maximum or a minimum. [2]

12 The table shows experimental values of two variables x and y.

x 0.5 1.0 2.5 3 4
y 1.33 1.14 0.8 0.71 0.62

a
It is known that x and y are related by the equation y  , where a and b are constants.
xb
1
(i) Use the data above to draw, on graph paper, the straight line graph of y against x. [2]
(ii) Comment on the accuracy of your experimental data in the table above. [1]

Use your graph to estimate

(iii) the value of a and of b. [3]

10
(iv) the value of x when y  . [2]
11
a
An alternative way of obtaining a straight line graph for the equation y  is to plot xy
xb
on the vertical axis and y on the horizontal axis.
(v) Without drawing a second graph, use your values of a and b to estimate the gradient
and the intercept on the vertical axis of the graph of xy plotted against y. [3]

SACSS Preliminary Examination I 2009 4038 / 4E AM / P1