PRINSIP

Stratigrafi
 Perjanjian dalam perkuliahan
 Berpakaian sesuai norma pendidikan a.l. tidak
memakai kaos tanpa kerah, celana sobek, sandal,
anting (untuk lelaki), baju ketat/terbuka pinggangnya
(untuk wanita)
 Tidak merokok/makan di dalam kelas
 HP dinonaktifkan
 Kursi depan dipenuhi dahulu, baru yang
dibelakangnya
 Pelajaran dimulai dan diakhiri tepat waktu
 Tidak diijinkan terlambat. Mahasiswa dilarang masuk
jika kuliah sudah berjalan.
 Kehadiran <75% mendapat nilai F
 Izin sakit, tugas, keperluan mendesak dinyatakan
secara tertulis (diketahui Pengurus Jurusan)
Perjanjian dalam perkuliahan kita
 Nilai mata kuliah diperoleh dari:
Keaktifan 15 %
Pengerjaan tugas-tugas 25%
UTS 30% 100 %
UAS 30%
 Keaktifan merupakan fungsi dari kehadiran,
kesertaan dalam kuis, dan diskusi (tanya jawab)
 Tugas diperoleh dari:
Perpustakaan
Museum/laboratorium
Lapangan
Media cetak, elektronik, internet dll.
MODUL 0 - PEMBUKA 3
 Stratigrafi
• Strati (sternere,stratum,strata) = lapisan
• Grafi (graphicus) = gambaran
• Gambaran lapisan = ilmu yang
mempelajari gambaran lapisan-lapisan
batuan
• Suatu ilmu yang mempelajari gambaran
serta hubungan antar lapisan batuan dan
dengan batuan lainnya dalam ruang dan
waktu geologi
SEDIMENTASI dan
BATUAN ENDAPAN
 BATUAN SEDIMEN
(BATUAN ENDAPAN)
• Batuan yang terbentuk akibat litifikasi (pembatuan)
rombakan batuan sebagai hasil denudasi
(fisik/mekanis), hasil reaksi kimia atau hasil
kegiatan organisma.
• Secara genetik : batuan sedimen klastik dan
non klastik.
– Klastika Silikat (Silisiklastik) :  volkanik
 non volkanik
– Klastika Karbonat
– Non Klastik Silikat dan Karbonat
Clastic Sedimentary Rock’s Structure

 Sedimentary Beds and Bedding Planes

 Beds represent distinct sedimentary event,
times when deposition occurred
 Bedding planes represent pauses between
sedimentary events, times when deposition ceased

Bedding
plane

Bed
penamaan batuan sedimen

• struktur
• tekstur :
– ukuran butir
– derajat pembundaran
– pemilahan
– kemas
– semen
• komposisi
 STRUKTUR BATUAN
• Berlapis
• Masif
• Silang siur
• Mud cracks
• Konvolut
• Ripple mark
• Graded bedding
• dll
Symmetrical ripple marks
preserved in mudstone
 Ukuran butir
• > 256 mm  boulder bongkah
• 64 – 256 mm  couble Kerakal
• 2 – 64 mm  pebble kerikil
• 2 – 1/16 mm  sand pasir
• 1/16 – 1/256 mm  silt lanau
• < 1/256 mm  clay lempung
Clastic Sedimentary Rock’s Texture
Size (mm) Sedimentary clasts Sedimentary rocks
>256 • – • Boulder
128 – 256 • Coarse- • Cobble
64 – 128 • Fine- • Cobble Conglomerate (predominantly
32 – 64 • Very coarse- • Pebble rounded clasts)
16 – 32 • Coarse- • Pebble or Breccia (predominantly
8 – 16 • Fine- • Pebble Angular clasts)
4–8 • Very fine- • Pebble
2–4 • – • Granule
1–2 • Very coarse- • Sand
1/2 – 1 • Coarse • Sand
1/4 – 1/2 • Medium- • Sand Sandstone
1/8 – 1/4 • Fine_ • Sand
1/16 – 1/8 • Very fine • Sand
1/32 – 1/16 • Very coarse- • Silt
1/64 – 1/32 • Coarse • Silt Siltstone
1/128 – 1/64 • Fine- • Silt Mudstone
1/256 – 1/128 • Very fine • Silt
<1/256 • – • Clay Claystone or Shale

Wentworth’ Scale
TEKSTUR
Effect of Weathering, Gradient, Distance from Source-Rock
on Clast Size, Shape, Sorting, and Composition
07_18.jpg
Effect of Weathering, Gradient, Distance from Source-Rock
on Clast Size, Shape, Sorting, and Composition

Close to source Far from source

clast size large clasts small clasts
clast shape angular clasts rounded clasts
sorting poorly sorted well sorted
sediments sediments
composition rich in mafic minerals quartz sands and
and feldspar clays
 pemilahan

0,35 0,5

baik

buruk

1 >2
Clastic Sedimentary Rock’s Texture

Sorting :
• Degree of similarity in particle size
Clastic Sedimentary Rock’s Texture

This quartz grains are:

-well-sorted
-well-rounded
Shapes of sand grains
Clastic Sedimentary Rock’s Texture

d. Fabric
• Opened fabric
• Closed fabric

Opened fabric

Closed fabric
Effects of Compaction, Cementation on Sediments

On mud

On well-sorted sediments
Clastic Sedimentary Rock’s Texture
The Most Common Sedimentary Cements
• Calcite (karbonat)
– The most common cement present in marine sedimentary
rocks
– Also common in sedimentary rocks formed from sediments
deposited in evaporite basins
– Calcite cemented sedimentary rocks give a positive acid
test (will fizz when an acidic solution is dropped on them)
• Hematite (oksida besi)
– The cement present in red colored terrigenous (land-
derived) sedimentary rocks, very common
– Hematite cemented rocks will not fizz when an acidic
solution is dropped on them
• Silica
– The cement present in terrigenous (land-derived)
sedimentary rocks that are not red, very common
– Silica cemented rocks will not fizz when an acidic solution is
dropped on them
 TATA NAMA
> 256 mm runcing  breksi
64 – 256 mm 
2 – 64 mm bundar  konglomerat

2 – 1/16 mm  batupasir

1/16 – 1/256 mm  Batulanau

< 1/256 mm  batulempung

Clastic Sedimentary Rock’s Texture

Fragments, matrix, cement

• Fragments (clasts)
• Matrix
• Cement
Batupasir
Batulempung Batulempung

Batulempung Batulanau
 OUTCROP

Distributary Mouth Bar

Delta Front

Flooding Surface

Delta Front
 Contoh CORE + LOG GAMMA RAY
0 Gamma Ray 150
Flooding Surface

Foreshore

Upper
Shoreface
Lower
Shoreface
 ~>30 degree
Flooding
bedding attitude Surface
~45 degree
bedding attitude

Horizontal
bedding attitudes
Undulatory ~45 degree
geometries bedding attitude

Drilling
mud injections
Contoh Data Seismik