BAB.

VIII
PERENCANAAN PONDASI

VIII.1. Dasar Perencanaan

Struktur bawah (Sub Structure) direncanakan dengan menggunakan
konstruksi pondasi tiang pancang dengan bahan beton bertulang dengan mutu
beton fc’ =35 MPa da mutu baja fy = 400 MPa. Perhitungan pondasi tiang
pancang didasarkan pada kekuatan tahanan ujung (Point Bearing).

VII.2. Direncanakan Pondasi Tiang Pancang

Pondasi arah memanjang
Spesifikasi teknis = b = 2400 kg/m2 P = 86352,71 kg
y = 2700 kg/m2 M = 465,55 kgm
Fc’ = 35 Mpa H = 323,54 kg
Fy’ = 400 Mpa

P
H M

1,5

0,5

0,775

0,45

0,775

0,775 0,45 0,775

Tegangan tanah yang terjadi

∑MF = M + ( H . df )

= 465,55 + (323,54 x 1,5) = 1112,63 kg

∑Mp = Bs,. Kolom = (0,45 . 0,45 x 1 x 2400) = 486 kg

= Bs. Tanah = ((2x2) – (0,45x0,45)) x1x1700 = 4.557 kg

= Bs. Pondasi = (2x2x0,5x2400) = 4.800 kg

P ultimate = 86.352,21 kg +

= 97307,84 kg

Total beban P = 97.146,07 + 86.352,21 = 183.418,28 kg

 Di rencanakan pondasi tiang pancang Ø 50 cm dengan kedalam 12 m

Keliling tiang pancang = 2 . π . r = 2 . 3,14 . 0,25 = 1,57

Luas keliling yag tertanam = A = 1,57 x 12 = 18,84

p = A ( h x f ) = 18,84 (12 x 250) = 56.520 kg

P 183.498,28
h = = = 3,246 ≈ 4 buah
p 56.520

Gaya Vertikal (Kg) Jarak (m) Momen ( Kgm)

G1 2 x 0,775 x 1 x1700 = 2.635 ½ x 0,775 = 0,39 1027,65
G2 2 x 0,775 x 1 x1700 = 2.635 ½ x 0,775 = 0,39 1027,65
G3 2 ( 0,775 x 0,775 x 1 x 1700 ) = 2.042,13 ½ x2=1 2.042,13
W1 0,45 x 0,45 x 1 x 2400 = 486 ½ x2=1 486
W2 2 x 0,5 x 2 x 2400 = 4800 ½ x2=1 4800
P 86.352,21 ½ x2=1 86.352,21
∑ P = 98.950,34 ∑MV = 95.735,64
∑MH = 323,54 x 2 = 647,08

 Berat total dan momen akibat gaya dalam

P
H
M
 1,5

G1 G2

0,5

0,775
G3

0,45

G1 G2 0,775
G3

0,775 0,45 0,775

Kontrol terhadap guling =

∑ MV > 2
∑ MH
95.735,64
= = 147,95 > 2 (OK)
647,08
 Penulangan Pondasi
Fc ‘= 35 Mpa d = 500 – 50 – 19 – 19/2
Fy’ = 400 Mpa = 421,5 mm
Dimensi pondasi = 2 x 2 x 0,5 m
Tulangan utama = 19 mm
Decking = 50 mm

Mu = 465,55 kgm = 4,66 x 106 Nmm

 Mu Mn
Mn= Rn=
∅ b . d2
6
4,66 x10 5 ,83 x 10 6
2
Mn = 0,8 = 5,83.106 RnLx = 2000 x 421 , 5 =0,015

fy 400
m= = = 13,45
0,85 . fc ' 0,85 .35

ρ=
1
m [ √
x 1− 1−
2 .m xRn
fy ]
ρ=
1
13, 45 [ √
x 1− 1−
2.13, 45 x 0, 015
400 ] = 0,00073

ρ min = 1,4 = 1,4 = 0,0035

fy 400

ρ < ρ min, mka dipakai ρ min = 0,0035

As = ρ min . b . d

As = 0,0035 x 2000 x 421,5 = 2950,5 mm2

Digunakan tulangan D 19

As perlu
2950,5
n = 1 = = 10,41 ≈ 12 tulangan
π .192 283,39
4

As’ = 12 x 283,385 = 3400,68 mm2

As ‘ > As …………aman (Ok !)

A s' . fy 3400,68. 400

a = = = 114,31
0.85 . f c . b 0,85 .35 . 400
'
Mn ada = As’. Fy (d – a/2 )

= 3400,68 x 400 ( 421,5 – 114,32/2 )

= 495,61 x 106 Nmm

Mn ada > Mn → Aman ……. !!!!

Jadi dipakai tulangan 12 D 19

Gambar Tulangan Pondasi

 SLOOF

Direncanakan

Fy = 400 Mpa

F’c = 35 Mpa

Dimensi slof : 20 x 40 mm

Ø tulangan utama = 19 mm

Ø tulangan geser = 10 mm

Selimut beton 30 mm

d = h – p – ½ Øt – Øs

= 400 – 30 – ½ 16 – 10

= 352 mm

Perhitungan pembebanan

 Berat sendiri Sloof = ( 0,4 x 0,2 x 2400 ) = 192 kg/m

 Berat dinding = 4,4 x 250 = 1100 kg/m +
q = 1292 kg/m

0 ,85 x f ' c x β 600

ρb= [ fy ][x
600 x fy ]
0 , 85 x 35 x 1,2 600
ρb= [ 400 ][ x
600+400 ]
=0 , 054

ρ max = 0,75 x ρb = 0,75 x 0,054 = 0,041

1,4 1,4
ρ min= = =0 , 0035
fy 400
Tulangan pada lapangan

Daerah Lapangan

Dari perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh :

Mu = 4100,04 kgm = 41.106 Nmm ( el frame 3 Dcon 1 )

Mu Mn
Mn= Rn=
∅ b . d2

6 6
Mu 41 x10 Mn 51 ,25 x10
RnLx=
0,8 b⋅d 2 = 200 x 3522 =
Mn = φ = = 51,25.106
2,1

fy 400
m= = = 13,45
0,85 . fc ' 0,85 .35

ρ0 =
1
m [ √
x 1− 1−
2 .m xRn
fy ]
ρ0 =
1
13, 45 [√
x 1− 1−
2.13, 45 x2,1
400 ]
= 0,005

2 ρ < ρ max

ρ > ρ min, mka dipakai ρ = 0,0052

As = ρ min . b . d

As = 0,0052 x 200 x 352 = 367 mm2

Digunakan tulangan D16

As perlu
367
n = 1 2 = = 1,82 ≈ 3 tulangan
π . 16 200,96
4
As’ = 3 x 200,96 = 602,88 mm2

As ‘ > As …………aman (Ok !)

A s' . fy 602,88 . 400

a = = = 20,26
0.85 . f c . b 0,85 .35 . 400
'

Mn ada = As’. Fy (d – a/2 )

= 602,88 x 400 ( 352 – 20,26/2 )

= 2,45 x 106 Nmm

Mn ada > Mn → Aman ……. !!!!

Jadi dipakai tulangan 3 D 16

Daerah Tumpuan

Dari perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh :

Mu = 5249,14 kgm = 52,49.106 N/mm ( el frame 3 Dcon 1 )

Mu Mn
Mn= Rn=
∅ b . d2

6 6
Mu 52,49x 10 Mn 52 ,49x 10
RnLx=
φ = 0,8 b⋅d 2 = 200 x 3522 =
Mn = =
65,61.106 2,1

fy 400
m= = = 13,45
0,85 . fc ' 0,85 .35

ρ0 =
1
m [ √
x 1− 1−
2 .m xRn
fy ]
ρ0 =
1
13 , 45 [ √
x 1− 1−
2.13 , 45 x2,1
400 ] = 0,0052
 ρ < ρ max

ρ > ρ min, mka dipakai ρ = 0,0052

As = ρ min . b . d

As = 0,0057 x 200 x 352 = 367 mm2

Digunakan tulangan D16

As perlu
367
n = 1 2 = = 1,82 ≈ 3 tulangan
π . 16 200,96
4

As’ = 3 x 200,96 = 602,88 mm2

As ‘ > As …………aman (Ok !)

A s' . fy 602,88 . 400

a = = = 20,26
0.85 . f c . b 0,85 .35 . 400
'

Mn ada = As’. Fy (d – a/2 )

= 602,88 x 400 ( 352 – 20,26/2 ) = 2,45 x 106 Nmm

Mn ada > Mn → Aman ……. !!!!

Jadi dipakai tulangan 3 D 16

a. Perhitungan Tulangan Geser

Dari perhitungan Sap 2000 diperoleh

Vu = 6232,80 kg = 62.328 N ( el frame 3 Dcon 1 )

f’c = 25 Mpa

f’y = 240 Mpa

d = h – p – ½ Øt – Øs
 = 400 – 30 – ½ 16 – 10 = 352 mm

Vc = 1/6 . √f’c . b . d

= 1/6 . √25 . 200 . 352

= 58.666,67 N

Ø Vc = 0,6 x 58.666,67 N

= 35.200

3 Ø Vc = 3 x 35.200 N

= 105.600 N

Ø Vc < Vu 35.200 < 62.328 N

Jadi diperlukan tulangan geser

Ø Vs = Vu – Ø Vc

= 62.328 N – 35.200 N = 27.128 N

ϕ Vs 27.128
Vs perlu = = = 45.213,33 N
0,6 0.6

Av = 2 . ¼ . π . (10)2

= 2 . ¼ . 3,14 . 100 = 157 mm2

Av . Fy .d 157 .240 . 352

s = = = 293 mm
Vs perlu 45.213,33

352
s max = d/2 = = 176 mm ≈ 150 mm < 352 mm
2
jadi dipakai sengkang dengan tulangan Ø 10 – 150 mm

SLOOF
Potongan Tumpuan Lapangan

SLOFF

Tul. Pokok 3 D 16 mm 3 D 16 mm
Tul. Badan 2 D 12 mm 2 D 12 mm
Sengkang Ø 10 – 150 mm Ø 10 – 150 mm

Gambar Tulangan Sloof

=18189,25 kgm = 18,25X106Nmm =18189,25kgm=18,25x10 6Nmm

=19191,03 kgm=19,1X106 Nmm

= 8177,25kgm=81772N
= 8177,25kgm =81772N
GAMBAR SLOOF