IEA2232

Proses Manufaktur

Introduction Manufacturing 1

Nicko Nur Rakhmaddian, S.T., M.T.

Program Studi S1 Teknik Industri

Fakultas Teknologi Informasi dan Industri
Institut Teknologi Telkom Surabaya

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 Definition of Manufacturing
According to Serope Kalpakjian & Steven R. Schmid:
– Manufacturing is the process of converting raw
materials into products.
– Manufaktur adalah proses perubahan dari material
mentah menjadi produk

(It includes;
• The design of products.
• The selection of raw materials.
• The sequence of processes through which the product
will be manufactured.)
 Definition of Manufacturing

According to Mikell P Groover :

Manufaktur adalah penerapan proses fisika dan kimia untuk
mengubah geometri, sifat, dan / atau tampilan bahan mentah,
dengan tujuan membuat suatu produk.
 Definition of Manufacturing
According to Mikell P Groover :
Manufacturing is transformation of materials into items of
greater value by means of one or more processing and/or
assembly operations.
• Primary vs. secondary manufacturing
– Primary manufacturing adalah industri yang menghasilkan
produk berupa material yang akan diolah lebih lanjut,
seperti steel mills, textile mills, plastics.
– Secondary manufacturing industri yang menghasilkan
komponen atau produk fungsional.
• Discrete manufacturing vs. continuous manufacturing
– Discrete manufacturing adalah produsen komponen, part
atau single product, seperti motor, mobil, pesawat udara,
dll.
– Continuous manufacturing adalah produsen produk yang
sifatnya kontinu seperti karet, plastic, sheet metal working,
dll.
• Mechanical manufacturing vs. electronics
manufacturing and chemical manufacturing
• Klasifikasi berdasarkan disiplin ilmu

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 Manufacturing Process
• Proses manufaktur adalah tahap tahap mengubah bahan
mentah menjadi produk akhir.
• Proses pembuatan dimulai dari penentuan bahan campuaran
dan desain produk.
• Bahan-bahan ini kemudian dimodifikasi melalui proses
manufaktur menjadi bagian yang dibutuhkan.
• Proses manufaktur dapat mencakup pengolahan (seperti
perlakuan panas atau pelapisan), pengerjaan mesin, atau
pembentukan kembali material.
• Proses pembuatan juga meliputi pengujian dan pengecekan
jamian kualitas saat pembuatan atau setelah pembuatan serta
perencanaan proses produksi sebelum pembuatan.
Classification of Manufacturing Processes
 Process Overview
1. Subtractive
Example: Milling, Turning, Grinding, etc.
2. Additive
Example: Rapid Prototyping, Welding, etc
3. Continuous
Example: Plastic extrusion, etc
4. Net shape (or Near Net Shape)
Example: Metal casting, Powder Compaction, etc
Basic Manufacturing Processes
1. Casting or Foundry
2. Forming or Metalworking
3. Machining
4. Joining and Assembly
5. Rapid Prototyping
6. Other (Testing, Material Handling, etc)
 Casting or Foundry
• In one step raw materials are transformed into a desirable
shape
• Parts require finishing processes
• Excess material is recyclable
 Casting and Foundry
Basic Casting Process

1. Membuat cetakan/ mold – cetakan merupakan sebuah rongga

guna menahan material cair hingga mengeras
Multiple-use mold
Single-use molds
2. Material is heated to a specified temperature
3. Molten material is poured into a mold cavity
4. Molten material solidifies into the shape of the cavity
5. Casting or mold is removed
6. Casting is cleaned, finished, and inspected
 Metal Forming or Metalworking
• Utilizes material that has been cast
• Modify the shape, size, and physical properties of the material
• Hot and cold forming
 Forming an or Metalworking
• Rolling – Material passes through a series of rollers, reducing
its thickness with each pass

• Forging – Material is shaped by the controlled application of

force (blacksmith)
 Forming or Metalworking
• Extrusion – Material is compressed and forced through a die
to produce a uniformed cross section
 Forming and Metalworking
• Wire, rod, and tube drawing – Material is pulled through a die
to produce a uniformed cross section.

• Cold forming and forging – Slugs of material are squeezed into

dies.
 Machining
• Controlled removal of material from a part to create
a specific shape or surface finish
• Cutting element is used
• Movement must exist between the part and cutting
element
 Joining and Assembly
Can you think of a product with only one part?
• Most products consist of multiple parts that are
assembled to form a finished product.
• Typical assembly processes include: Mechanical
fastening; soldering and brazing, welding; adhesive
bonding
 Rapid Prototyping
• Additive process
• Parts are produced directly from software
applications
• Example of rapid prototyping systems :
– stereolithography (SLA),
– selective laser sintering (SLS),
– fused deposition modeling (FDM),
– laminated object manufacturing (LOM), etc.
Other Manufacturing Processes
– Testing
– Material handling
– Packaging
 Technology
• Technology is the application of science or
knowledge to commerce and industry. Many
fields of science have benefited
from technology, as well as commerce and
industry over the many centuries of human
history. Perhaps the earliest known use of
technology was in the Stone Age when the
first knife or shovel was made from a piece of
stone or obsidian. Technology has obviously
come a long way since then.
 Traditional v/s Non-traditional
Manufacturing Processes
• Proses Manufaktur Tradisional / Konvensional
adalah proses yang mengandalkan alat yang
lebih keras untuk menghilangkan material.
Harus ada kontak antara alat / pemotong
dengan bahan yang akan dipotong.
 Non- Traditional/Advanced manufacturing Process
• Non-traditional manufacturing processes didefinisikan sebagai
sekelompok proses yang melakukan pemakanan (menghilangkan
kelebihan material ) material dengan berbagai teknik yang melibatkan
energi mekanik, termal, listrik atau kimia atau kombinasi energi namun
tidak menggunakan alat pemotong tajam.

• Extremely hard and brittle materials are difficult to machine by

traditional machining processes such as turning, drilling, shaping and
milling.

• Some reason for Advanced manufacturing process:

– Very hard fragile materials difficult to clamp for traditional machining

– When the workpiece is too flexible or slender
– When the shape of the part is too complex
 A Major With An Impact
“Technology is the link between science and people, and
manufacturing engineering technologists are leaders in
technology and managers of innovation.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=NOiXh80_jXU&list=PL3AFB507B66
8AF162&index=2
Sesi Tanya Jawab

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