2. Ability of the agent to invade and damage tissues of the host indicated by case fatality
rate:
A. Pathogenic C. Infectivity
B. Virulence D. Immunity
4. The ability of the agent to gain access and adapt to the human host to the extent of
finding lodgment and multiplying within the host:
A. Infectivity C. Virulence
B. Pathogenicity D. Infection
7. If all three (3) lines are filled up in the medical certification of death the entry that will be
counted in the statistics is:
A. Immediate cause C. Underlying antecedent cause
B. Intervening antecedent cause D. Other significant conditions
8. This study design is unable to link exposure with disease in particular individuals.
Represents average exposure levels.
A. Case-control C. Correlational
B. Case-series D. Cross-sectional
9. In a cohort study of breast implants and the risks of connective tissue, 48 y/o of the
implanted patients are lost to follow-up.
A. Selection bias C. Recall bias
B. Information bias D. Ecologic fallacy
10. In case-control study of mouthwash use and risk of oral cancers, the cases tend to over-
report the use of mouthwash:
A. Selection bias C. Recall bias
B. Information bias D. Ecologic fallacy
11. Approach used to compare the benefits of 2 alternative pharmacologic treatment for
peptic ulcer disease:
A. Case-control C. Randomized controlled clinical trial
B. Cohort D. Descriptive study
12. The infant mortality rate of a country in a given year is 45.1 per year per 1000 live birth
means:
A. 45.1 infants died before reaching their first birthday
B. 45.1% of all deaths occurred in infants below one year
C. 45.1 infants died before reaching their first birthday per 1000 live births
D. 45.1 infants per 1000 of the population died
13. What is the proportion of unaffected individuals who will have the disease in two years
when there are 1,050 subjects under observation and a total of 750 developed the
disease?
A. 36% C. 71%
B. 100% D. 1.4%
15. The ongoing collection by government agencies of data relating to events such as
births, deaths, marriages, and health and health-0related conditions deemed reportable
by local health authorities.
A. Descriptive statistics C. Vital statistics
B. Analytic statistics D. All
17. It is a system of pumps, pipes, devices and other structures for collection of liquid
wastes:
A. Sewage C. Sewerage
B. Sewer D. Waste disposal
19. The strategy being implemented by the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) to
address poor treatment compliance problem:
A. Provision of free-anti Koch’s medication
B. Systematization of drug supply distribution
C. Directly observed treatment
D. Health education to motivate patient
20. A child was brought to the E.R. after swallowing a metal detarnisher. The cause of
poisoning is due to:
A. Solanine C. Lead
B. Cyanide D. Enterotoxin
23. The hallmark of the Control of Diarrheal Diseases Program is rehydration therapy. The
components of ORS for rehydration at home is:
A. 1 tsp. salt, 4 tsp., sugar, 1 liter pre-boiled water
B. 1 tsp. salt, 8 tsp., sugar, 1 liter pre-boiled water
C. 2 tsp. salt, 8 tsp., sugar, 1 liter pre-boiled water
D. 2 tsp. sugar, 8 tsp., salt, 1 liter pre-boiled water
24. A tourist was brought to the E.R. due to diarrhea after eating raw oyster. His poisoning
is due to:
A. Trichinella C. Calcivirus
B. Shigellosis D. Clostridium botulinum
25. The best measure to characterize the prognosis of patients with congestive heat failure:
A. Incidence rate C. Survival rate
B. Case fatality D. Prevalence
26. To account for the placebo effect and to reduce the introduction of bias due to
misleading conclusion when the risk factor and disease are related at the population
level but not within particular individuals. This is known as:
A. Single-blind study C. Double-blind study
B. Placebo-controlled trial D. Controlled-parallel trial
27. Ingestion of this solvent can result in permanent blindness due to optic atrophy:
A. Ethyl alcohol C. Ethylene alcohol
B. Isoprophyl alcohol D. Methyl alcohol
28. This is the ability of the disease agent to give access and adapt to the human host
thereby leading to its lodgment and multiplication in the body:
A. Antigenicity C. Pathogenecity
B. Infectivity D. Virulence
29. The presence of a certain number of immune individuals in a community may after the
spread of the disease. This is referred as:
A. Vaccine C. Active Immunity
B. Attribute risk D. Herd Immunity
30. A student complains of headache and mental confusion after eating potato salad,
poisoning is due to:
A. Ergotiem C. Gonyaulax
B. Solanine D. Muscarin
33. An experimental screening test for Cytomegalovirus has a sensitivity of 82% and a
specificity of 93%. The prevalence of CVM in the population to be screened is
estimated to be 3%. The probability that an individual with a positive test result has
CVM is:
A. 26% C. 82%
B. 73% D. 18%
36. This method eliminates almost all pathogens from the effluent:
A. Intermittent sand filtration C. Trickling filter
B. Contact beds D. Chlorination
38. Disease associated with living organisms entering the body through ingestion of
infected food:
A. Food poisoning C. Pasteurization
B. Sanitation D. Food borne disease
39. The Philippine TB Program uses this screening method for case finding:
A. Chest x-ray C. Sputum culture
B. Sputum microscopy D. Sputum gram staining
41. The number of a new cases that develop in a population at risk for the disease over a
specific period of time:
A. Point prevalence C. Incidence
B. Relevance D. Persistence
43. The cumulative incidence of the disease when the duration of a disease is short and the
observation period covers an entire epidemic:
A. Case fatality rate C. Mortality rate
B. Attack rate D. Morbidity rate
44. An individual who has contact with or who manifests the risk factor prior to becoming ill:
A. Exposed C. Infected
B. Inflicted D. Well
45. Test used to assess the statistical significance of the difference between 2 population
means in a study based on data obtained from independent samples:
A. Chi-square C. T- test
B. Regression analysis D. Student T-test
46. Graph primarily intended to portray trend (i.e. change with time of variable):
A. Scatter plot C. Line graph
B. Histogram D. Frequently distribution
48. In a study about people’s attitude toward selling vaginal diaphragms in the supermarket,
the first 50 adults who entered the supermarket during the day of data collection were
interviewed. The sampling design applicable in this situation is:
A. Quota C. Convenience
B. Simple random D. Systematic
51. A 9 y/o boy consulted a Rural Health Unit because of cough associated with moderate
to high grade fever. On P.E. RR=50/min., flaring of the ala nasi, circumoral cyanosis,
presence of supraclavicular and intercostals retractions. What is the Airway Respiratory
Infection (ARI) classification:
A. Severe C. Moderate
B. Mild D. Severe with complications
52. What is the reason for an inefficient health care delivery inspite of an adequate
physician-population-ratio:
A. Maldistribution of physicians
B. Physicians migration to foreign countries
C. None of these
D. Inadequate number of hospitals
54. Cocaine addiction among pregnant mothers are increasing lately. Infants born from
these mothers are at risk to develop:
A. Cardiac defects C. Mental deficiencies
B. Seizures D. Minor joint and umbilical abnormalities
55. Which among the following is a disadvantage of ground water:
A. Does not usually require regular treatment
B. Likely to be free from pathogenic organism
C. Continuous supply
D. It is likely to be hard
56. Which among the following techniques of disease prevention is highly effective against
the spread of contact-transmitted disease:
A. Closure of secondary transmission
B. Treat human sources of infection
C. Killing of the agent at the intimate sources
D. Increasing the health resistance
57. What unit of the health department received and analyze disease reports and submit or
make results available to doctors:
A. Consultants in communicable diseases
B. Public health staff
C. Epidemiology specialists
D. Disease intelligence services
58. All of the following statements are TRUE regarding chlorination, EXCEPT:
A. It removes all pathogenic organisms from sewage effluent
B. Chlorine compound is the most common substance used
C. It does not eliminate odors
D. It inhibits the deposition of sewage effluent during tank treatment
60. The following are the important goals/purposes in the development of a public health
surveillance system, EXCEPT:
A. Detection of epidemics
B. Description of treads and the natural history of a health condition
C. Detection of rare but fatal conditions
D. Evaluation of control and preventive measures
62. Acute episodes of an asthma are closely associated with the following, EXCEPT:
A. Emotional stress C. Caffeinated sodas
B. Paracetamol D. Upper respiratory infection
63. The following are the basic health service offered, EXCEPT:
A. Social and educational welfare C. Health education
B. Environmental sanitation D. Maternal and child health
64. A Hepatitis B virus carrier is a person who is:
A. Hepatitis B core antigen positive for 6 months
B. Hepatitis B antigen positive for 6 months
C. Hepatitis B surface antigen positive for 6 months
D. None of those
65. The main goal of health for all of the Primary Health Care Program is:
A. Attainment of a level of health that will enable everyone to live on an
economically productive and socially satisfying existence
B. Enough medicine to be given free
C. Sufficient physicians, nurses, midwives in all municipalities
D. Nobody will get sick with infectious disease
66. What do you call the appearance/occurrence of a group of disease of the same nature
where rate exceeds the expected number:
A. Epidemic C. Hyperendemic
B. Endemic D. Pandemic
70. Nine families surveyed showed the number of children per family were 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 6, 1,
3 and 7. The mean, median and mode number of children per family are respectively:
A. 2, 3, 4 C. 4.1, 4, 3
B. 3, 4.1, 4 D. 4, 3.2, 2
71. In the calculation of the infant mortality rate, the denominator used is:
A. Mid-year population C. Total live births and still births in 1 year
B. Population between 0-1 year D. Total live births in one year
72. The following are activities included in the under five clinic program, EXCEPT:
A. Medical care C. Growth monitoring
B. EPI D. Family planning
73. The following viral disease are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, EXCEPT:
A. Chinkungunya C. Yellow fever
B. Dengue D. Japanese encephalitis
74. Primary Health Care team in composed of:
A. Physicians, dentist and medical technologist
B. Health Center physician, nurse, midwife and volunteer health workers
C. Family Center physician and private medical practitioner
D. Provincial health officer, chief of district hospital and health center physician
76. A characteristics of a statistical test denoting the probability that the null hypothesis will
be rejected if it is indeed false is:
A. Pearson correlation C. Spearman correlation
B. Power D. Regression analysis
77. When does a disease becomes a public health problem?
A. When the disease is spread and serious in effect
B. When the disease is spread and serious in the effect and it requires organized
community effort to minimize or control it
C. When the disease is very costly
D. When it requires organized community effort to minimize or control it
79. What is the list of drugs that meets the health of the majority created by the Generic
Law:
A. Essential drug C. Generic
B. Therapeutic drug D. Drug formulary
80-83. In preparation for a National Examination, 200 Medical Students completed 100
questions in a practice test. Each student answered between 35 and 59 questions
correctly. The arithmetic mean of correct answers was 47 with standard deviation of 4.
The number of correct answers per student was distributed normally.
81. The percentage of students who correctly answered 39-55 questions is about:
A. 24% C. 95%
B. 68% D. 99%
83. The percentage of student who answered less than 39 questions is:
A. 2.5% C. 16%
B. 5% D. 32%
84. A woman, pregnant for the first time is scheduled to have a Tetanus toxoid vaccine. She
was given a complete dose of DPT during childhood. The Tetanus toxoid that will be
given to her now is considered as:
A. TT1 C. TT3
B. TT2 D. TT4
85. A child was given BCG vaccine. This will protect her from contracting:
A. Primary Koch’s Infection C. Miliary TB
B. TB Meningitis D. All of the above
87. In order to protect children from contracting the mutant strain causing acute flaccid
paralysis, the government instituted the program “Patak Kontra.”
A. Diphtheria C. Polio
B. Pertussis D. Tetanus
88. In order to protect children from contracting the mutant strain causing acute flaccid
paralysis, the government instituted the program “Patak Kontra.”
C. Diphtheria C. Polio
D. Pertussis D. Tetanus
96. A comparison of clinically diagnosed versus autopsy-confirmed gastric and peptic ulcers
was performed on 10,000 consecutive deceased patients. 130 had a positive result and
has the disease in question; 20 has no ulcer on autopsy findings but was positive on
clinical diagnosis; 170 were positive on autopsy but negative clinically, and 9,680 had
no disease both clinically and on autopsy. The prevalence of autopsy confirmed gastric
and peptic ulcer was closest to:
A. 3% C. 87%
B. 43% D. 98%
97. The interval between the time of contact and the entry of the agent and onset of illness
is known as:
A. Incubation period C. Period of communicability
B. Latency period D. Period of immunity
100. Potable water, sanitary toilet, vector and rodent control is included in:
A. Traditional Medicine C. Drug Abuse Control
B. Disaster Management D. Environmental Health
101. Communal faucet system or stand posts in a block of households are classified as:
A. Level I C. Level III
B. Level II D. Level IV
102. The skin slit and multi-drug therapy is used in the control and prevention of:
A. Dengue fever C. TB
B. Leprosy D. Malaria
104. A positive presumptive test for the presence of coliform group is the formation of:
A. Spore C. Sugar
B. Gas D. Cytochrome oxidase positive
105. A pediatrician computed the mean weight of his patients for the day and came up with
14.71 kg. This can be interpreted as:
A. Fifty percent of patients weighed 14.71 kg. or less and 50% weighed more than 14.7
kg.
B. The usual weight of patients that day is 14.7 kg.
C. On the average the weight of the patients that day is 14.7 kg.
D. Sixty percent of patients weighed 14.71 kg. or less while 40% weighed more than
14.71 kg.
106. When distribution for the data is fairly symmetrical, the most appropriate measure of
central tendency to be used is:
A. Range C. Median
B. Mode D. Mean