The Moss gasifier is a two stage updraft atmospheric unit that produces low BTU syngas

in the primary chamber and then ignites the gas in our thermal reactor low excess air
ignition system. Moss combustion systems are capable of meeting the most stringent
U.S. air emission regulations by implementing our superior design and control
technologies to provide the required results. Syngas burns cleanly into water vapor and
carbon dioxide. Moss is a leading supplier of solid fuel gasifier type combustion systems
for the industrial market. The advantage of gasification is that using syngas is more
efficient than direct combustion of the original fuel - more of the energy contained in the
fuel is extracted. Moss specializes in solid fuel gasifiers systems capable of gasifying
wood, various biomass fuels (i.e., shelled corn, wheat, corn stover, peanut, oat, coconut
and rice hulls, pecan shells, sugarcane bagasse) and municipal solid waste (MSW). Our
systems provide environmental and energy recovery solutions through the use of
superior combustion. Moss provides engineering, procurement and construction services
(EPC) assuring successful solid fuel fired gasification based project installations. Our
turnkey installations begin at fuel unloading and end at the tip of the stack. In today’s
emission and regulatory environment, Moss provides innovative solutions by providing
advanced control systems, flexible fuel delivery and storage systems and properly
selected emission equipment to meet our customer’s most stringent requirements. Our
advanced technological and manufacturing capabilities to ensure our customer’s
requirements for the most adGasification is a thermo-chemical process that generates a
fuel rich gas. Two processes take place in the Moss gasifier in order to produce a useable
gas. In the first stage, pyrolysis releases the volatile components of the fuel at
temperatures below 1100°F (593°C). The by-product of pyrolysis, which is not vaporized,
is called char and consists mainly of fixed carbon and ash. In the second stage of
gasification, the carbon remaining after pyrolysis is either reacted with steam or
combusted with ambient air, mixture of ambient air with recirculation air (FGR) or pure
oxygen. Gasification with air results in a nitrogen rich low BTU gas. Gasification utilizing
pure oxygen results in a higher quality mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with
virtually no nitrogen. Gasification with steam produces a hydrogen and carbon dioxide
rich synthetic gas called syngas. Usually the exothermic reaction between carbon and
oxygen provides the heat energy required to drive the pyrolysis and char gasification
reactions.vanced gasification system are met. Thermal NOx accounts for the majority of
NOx formed (typically in the range of 80 to 95%) when firing gaseous fuels. The majority
of NOx reduction control technologies are directed toward lowering thermal NOx. The
use of steam injection to reduce peak flame temperatures has been used for years;
however, the drawback to this process is the cost to produce the steam, not being able
to use it in the plant and the effect on the boiler’s overall efficiency.

It has been found that alternate methods of thermal NOx control, such as staged
combustion and flue gas recirculation, could provide the required NOx reductions with a
much lower capital and operating cost impact. Cleanup technologies such as Selective
Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) systems can lower NOx by 40-45%; however in cases
where NOx reduction has to exceed 90%, these techniques alone are not always
adequate. The use of flue gas cleanup technologies, such as Selective Catalytic
Reduction (SCR), has demonstrated the ability to achieve NOx reductions in excess of
90%. The drawbacks to these systems are the high capital cost of implementing them
and their continued operational costs.

Moss designs NOx emissions reduction technology on solid fuel boilers through the use
of a combination of combustion techniques such as flue gas recirculation (FGR), fuel-air
staging and/or steam injection into our thermal reactor (overfire air system) providing a
method to achieve lower NOx emission levels without the cost and complexity of flue gas
cleanup systems.

Flue gas recirculation mixes

The gasification process was originally developed in the 1800s to produce a low BTU gas
for lighting and cooking in towns and small cities. Utility supplied electricity and natural
gas later replaced town gas for these applications, but the gasification process has been
utilized for the production of synthetic chemicals and fuels since the 1920s. The Moss
gasification combustion system is a two (2) stage process design that gasifies (produces
syngas) in the primary chamber and ignites the syngas in a secondary chamber (Moss
thermal reactor) producing a clean efficient flue gas that can be used in a boiler, dryer,
kiln or any heat exchanger process requirement. Our gasifier system is capable of
burning various wood or biomass fuels that are low or high in moisture. Ash fusion
temperature, ash, BTU and moisture content are a few of the fuels components that we
always consider when evaluating the fuel to be burned. The Moss gasifier design
promotes safety first and is far superior to most others when burning dry fuel because of
the way fuel is augured into the chamber and the way that underfire air is introduced
into the grate assembly. Our gasifier design also helps prevent a "blow back" from
occurring that may cause a fire in the fuel storage facility. Safety in a dry fuel application
is always a major concern for Moss design personnel. Not all combustion chamber
designs can burn dry fuels safely.

Our system provides superior combustion technology with multi-zone grate underfire air,
multi-port overfire air system, providing high turndown capabilities powered by our
custom designed combustion control system. Moss has several grate assembly designs
which allows our engineers to choose the correct system for the fuel to be burned. Many
factors including ash, moisture and BTU content, ash fusion temperatures, whether the
system is automatic ash removal or manual, etc., determine the proper grate system for
the application. Moss also provides several proven techniques in our gasifiers that
promote clean and fuel rich syngas. Because of our low pressure fan and air distribution
within the grate, the Moss gasifier minimizes particulate carryover from the secondary
phase of the combustion chamber. Since ash and unburned particles are less likely to
become airbo

The Moss automated fuel feed metering bin system, with variable speed drive, provides
fuel input based upon steam, heat or temperature demand. Once fuel is augered from
the metering bin, it is discharged into a single or multiple gasifier infeed augers. The
infeed augers distribute the fuel over the entire gasifier hearth ensuring a completely
covered grate assembly (a grate that is not covered with fuel can cause a blow torch
effect – possibly causing clinkering or burning on the grate). The infeed augers are
provided with a rotary air lock and heat sensors when burning dry fuel (this is optional on
wet wood systems).

The multi-zone grate underfire air system provides the flexibility to burn different fuels
from low to high moisture. The convenient external hand valves allows for the proper
amount of air to be distributed into the areas where combustion occurs inside the
gasifier chamber. The total amount of underfire air is metered by a variable speed drive
that is connected to the underfire air fan assembly and is controlled by the system PLC.
This unique design controls the underfire air throughout the combustion chamber to
maximize syngas production. Our gravel grate system is unique to the combustion
system industry and provides superior underfire air distribution to the fuel with minimum
maintenance required. In addition to our gravel grate assembly for our gasifier systems,
we provide cast iron, reciprocating grate, refractory with stainless steel nozzles and
refractory tile grate assemblies to meet your specific application and preference.

The gasifier infeed auger(s) gradually pus

The Moss PLC solid fuel control system uses the latest technology and software that
allows you to operate your system around the clock safely with minimum to no
supervision. This system is the heart of our gasification system technology for any boiler,
dryer, kiln or heat exchanger process. The Moss combustion system design is supplied
with a panelview screen to provide you with a high quality view of the systems operating
parameters. All necessary lights, switches, power supplies, modem, variable frequency
drives, etc. are a standard with our system. This sophisticated device reads actions as
they occur within the system and translates them in a logical manner so the system
reacts properly. This control system is easy to use, provides exceptional safety features
and provides the system operator with invaluable information about the systems
 operation and can direct the operator to the exact location of problems drastically
reducing downtime.

The Moss PLC control system offers the following features and benefits:
• A Variety of Fuel Types: Four different fuel settings can be preprogrammed
into the PLC, which modifies the fuel feed and air input automatically. This is done
by simply turning the switch on the front door of the control panel to the desired
fuel setting for the fuel being burned.
• Fan to Fuel Control: The operator has full access to use the panel view
screen to change the underfire air fan or fuel feed variable frequency drive HZ
settings for each of the four (4) biomass fuel settings.
• Password Protected: A four (4)-digit group of numbers must be entered on a
keypad in the setup parameters of the control system in order to make changes to
these parameters. This protects the system from unauthorized changes.
• Alarm Log Status: Indicates if a fault has occurred since the alarm counter
was last reset. The operator can display a special alarm screen, which details the
source o

Installation services are available for installation of the gasifier system. This includes all
required mechanical erection, piping, electrical wiring and design engineering. Moss
provides single source responsibility, including if desired by the Owner a complete
gasifier facility including building and foundations.

Our mechanical/electrical/structural installation crews are experienced in the proper

installation and startup/training of the gasifier facility. Our work scope has included
general building and concrete construction, structural steel, system erection, piping
fabrication and installation, material storage and conveying systems, electrical/control
wiring, ductwork/breeching and process instrumentation. Our project team provides a
high level of planning that assures our customers their project meets the specified
completion time sched

Experimental investigations of long stick wood gasification

in a bottom lit updraft fixed bed gasifier
Submitted by A. Saravanakumar on Thu, 2008-07-17 06:01
Last updated November 04, 2008
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• Saravanakumar
 • India

Experimental investigations of long stick wood gasification in a bottom lit updraft

fixed bed gasifier
A. A. Saravanakumar, Spray Engineering Devices Limited, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
India, July 17, 2008

Long Stick Reactor

Based on the experience of the gasifier users on the efforts and energy for wood chip
preparation in a typical gasifier, we have embarked on the development of a gasifier
suitable to work with long stick woody biomass as the feed materials. In the context
of the impact of gasifiers, as decentralized energy delivery devices such an
approach, it is hoped, would be an attractive option in rural areas both in domestic
and industrial sectors. In the present paper in the gasifier operation, there is a fixed
quantity of char that is combusted to gasify a fixed amount of wood, and the gasifier
does not operate in a steady state manner. In this present work, focus is made on
the development of a gasifier using long sticks of wood as feed materials. With this
concept, a 10 kW thermal output power gasifier is designed and constructed. The gas
and airflows can be converted to the air/fuel ratio, the most important aspect of
gasifier operation. The air/fuel ratio shows operation in a combustion mode at start
up, a gasification mode for the middle part of the run and a charcoal gasification
mode at the end of the run. Since the interest here is exploring and validating of this
concept, a bottom lit updraft gasifier is designed mainly to look at the gas yield and
other favourable factors and to use this gas so obtained for thermal applications. The
rate of feed was between 9 and 10 kg/h and continuous operation for 5 h was made
in a couple of runs to study the performance. In this paper we report the salient
features of our efforts and results, yielding a gasifier efficiency of 73%.
This paper was published in Fuel Processing Technology
Volume 88, Issue 6, June 2007, Pages 617-622
See:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.02.003

Long Sticks
Flames

Attachment Size

Initial flame with long stick wood burning 448.5

stage.doc KB

Long stick wood gas flame closer view.doc 720 KB

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Comments
Long Stick Wood Gasifier
Submitted by A. Saravanakumar on Sat, 2008-07-19 05:59.

Dr.A.Saravanakumar

This research paper was published in Fuel Processing Technology Journal.

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