THE EFFECT OF ALTERED CONCENTRATION TO

THE CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM

EXPERIMENT REPORT AS AN ENGLISH TASK

BY
EKRIMA ASTARI (NPM 3325 101 439)

JAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND SCIENCE
CHEMISTRY
March 6, 2011
 I. Experiment Tittle
The Effect Of Altered Concentration To The Chemical Equilibrium System

II. Objectives
To understand :
a. The definition of chemical equilibrium
b. Influencing factors of the chemical equilibrium
c. The effect of altered concentration to the chemical equilibrium system

III. Basic Theory (Overview)

Dynamical equilibrium is a state when forward and reverse chemical reactions
are taking place at the same rate.In this state, the concentrations of reactants and
products no longer change with time.
Every chemical system tends towards equilibrium state. For the general chemical
reaction

mA+nB ↔oC+pD,
thedoble arrow mean the equality of the forward and reverse chemical reaction’s
rate.If we in any way disturb this system (stress was applied to the system), the
change occurs will be possibly bring the equilibrium back into a new position. The
relationship between each substance’s concentration can be formulated as
With:
K = [C]o [D]p
K = Equilibrium constant
m n
[A] [B] [A] = A’s concentration in equilibrium system
[B] = B’s concentration in equilibrium system
[C] = C’s concentration in equilibrium system
[D] = D’s concentration in equilibrium system
Based on the formula written above, we can conclude that the equilibrium
constant can be defined as a result from the multiplication of product’s
concentration, degreed by its coefficient then divide with multiplication of reactant’s
concentration, degreed by its coefficient.
 There are few conditions where an equilibrium state might happen, which are:
a. Reaction system must be happen in a closed one
b. The reaction has to be stated in a dynamical and continuous state
c. The concentration of each substances have to be in a constant amount
d. The forward and reverse reaction have to take places at the same rate
Based on Principle of le Chatelier which stated that when a system in a state of
dynamical equilibrium is acted upon by some outside stress, the system will, if
possible, shift to a new position of equilibrium in order to minimize the effect of the
stress, equilibrium state can be effected by few causes, which are :
a. The alternation of the substance’s concentration
Increasing concentration of reactants on a system at equilibrium will cause
a shift into position of the equilibrium in the direction of the products and
decreasing concentration of reactants on a system at equilibrium will
cause a shift into position of the equilibrium in the direction of the
reactants. It also means that increasing concentration of products on a
system at equilibrium will cause a shift into position of the equilibrium in
the direction of the reactants and decreasing concentration of products on
a system at equilibrium will cause a shift into position of the equilibrium in
the direction of the products.
b. The alternation of temperature when the reaction takes place
An increase of temperature causes the equilibrium of an exothermic
reaction to be shifted to the left, while that of an endothermic reaction is
shifted to the right ( or we can say that in exothermic reaction, K
decreases with raising temperature and in endothermic reaction K
increases with increasing temperature)
c. The alternation of substance’s pressure
Increasing the pressure on a system at equilibrium will cause a shift into
position of the equilibrium in the direction of the fewest number of moles of
gaseous and aqueous reactants or products
d. The alternation of substance’s volume

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 Increasing the volume on a system at equilibrium will cause a shift into
position of the equilibrium in the direction of the most number of moles of
gaseous and aqueous reactants or products
e. The addition of catalyst
The catalyst affect the rate of chemical change, it doesn’t affect the heat of
reactions. A catalyst merely speeds the approach to the position of
equilibrium that is determined by ∆ͦG.

IV. Instruments and Substances

a. Instruments
i. Measuring glass 100 ml (2 pieces)
ii. Spatula 19 cm (2pieces)
iii. Reacting tube 15cm (8 pieces)
iv. Tube rack (1 piece)
v. Pipette (2 pieces)
b. Substances
i. KSCN 1M
ii. KSCN 0,2M
iii. FeCl3 1M
iv. FeCl3 0,2 M
v. Na2HPO4 crystal
vi. Distilled water
V. Procedures
a. Pour 25ml of distilled water into a measuring glass
b. Add 2 drops of 0,2M FeCl3 and 3 drops of 0,2M KSCN into the glass
mentioned above
c. Stir thoroughly
d. Pour the solution into 5 reaction tubes with approximately equal volume each
e. Put number (1 to 5) on each tubes
f. Use tube number 1 as a standard tube
g. Add 1 drop of 1M KSCN into tube number 2

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 h. Add 1 drop of 1M FeCl3 into tube number 3
i. Add 1 gram of solid Na2HPO4 into tube number 4
j. Add 5ml of distilled water into tube number 5
k. Shake tube number 2 to 5 carefully
l. Compare tube number 2 to 5 with tube number 1
m. Write down the result and analyze it

VI. Experiment Data

Equilibrium System in tube number 1 (tube numb.1 color: red):
Fe3+ + SCN- ↔ FeSCN2+
Substance color compare to tube
Tube Alternation
number 1

2 Addition of SCN- The color thickened

3 Addition of Fe3+ The color thickened

4 Addition of Na2HPO4 (reduction of Fe3+) The color lessened

5 Addition of distilled water The color lessened

VII. Analysis
The result of the mixing process between 250ml distilled water, 2 drops of 0,2M
FeCl3, and 3 drops of 0,2M KSCN was transparent-red colored solution. The color
appeared is so clear (transparent), it happened because the volume of the distilled
water is way too much than volumes of FeCl 3 and KSCN given to the system. The
appearance of the color was caused from the formation of FeSCN 2+ ion.
Tube number 1 (T1) used as standard color (the equilibrium system before any
alternation given). The act given to tube number 2 (T2) was the addition of 1 drop of
1M KSCN to the equilibrium system the result was the solution in T2 had redder
color (thickened color) than T1 because T2 had more SCN - (transparent colored)
ion. The increased amount of SCN - ion caused the increment of FeSCN - (red colored
ion). This result is concordant with principle of le Chatelier.

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 The act given to tube number 3 (T3) was the addition of 1 drop of 1M FeCl 3 to the
equilibrium system the result was the solution in T3 had redder color (thickened
color) than T1 because T3 had more Fe 3+ ion. The increased amount of Fe 3+ ion
caused the increment of FeSCN- (red colored ion). This result is concordant with
principle of le Chatelier.
The act given to tube number 4 (T4) was the addition of 1gram of solid Na 2HPO4
to the equilibrium system the result was the solution in T4 had paler color (more
transparent) than T1 because T4 had less Fe 3+ ion (Fe3+bonded with HPO42- in order
to formed Fe2(PO4)3 ). The decreased amount of Fe 3+ ion caused the decrement of
FeSCN-(red colored ion). This result is concordant with principle of le Chatelier. The
bonding reaction between Fe3+ and HPO42- is:
Fe3+ + HPO42-↔ Fe2(PO4)3+ H+
The act given to tube number 5 (T5) was the addition of distilled water to the
equilibrium system the result was the solution in T5 had paler color (more
transparent) than T1 because T5 had more volume This result is concordant with
principle of le Chatelier.
Fe3+ + HPO42-↔ Fe2(PO4)3+ H+

VIII. Conclusions
a. The reaction between 0,2M FeCl 3, 0,2M KSCN, and distilled water resulted a
solution that contained red colored FeSCN 2+ ion, which formed in a reaction
written bellow:
Fe3+ + SCN- ↔ FeSCN2+

b. The addition of reactants either KSCN or FeCl 3 resulted the increment of

FeSCN2+ ion thus the solution’s color thickened into a redder state .
c. The addition of Na2HPO4resulted the decrement of FeSCN 2+ ion because the
Fe3+ ion bonded with HPO42- ion. The decreasing amount of reactant’s
concentration in an equilibrium system, shifted this system into the reactant’s
side (the decrement of product).

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 d. The reaction says in an equilibrium state is if the concentrations of reactants
and products no longer change with time

IX. References
Brady, James E. 1975. General Chemistry, Principles and Structures, Second Edition,
SI Versions. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Chang, Raymond. 1999. Kimia DasarKonsep-KonsepInti. Jakarta: Erlangga
Cotton, F. Albert and Geoffrey Wilson. 1976. Basic Inorganic Chemistry. New York:
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Parker, Sybil P. 1997. McGraw – Hill Dictionary of Chemistry. New York: McGraw – Hill.
Vogel, A. I. 1979. Textbook of Macro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis.
London: Longman