Figure 2 : Structure of the human nose Figure 3 : Areas of taste on the tougue
(i) (ii)
The rate of reflection depends on : (i) When light passes from a less dense medium to a
denser medium, it speed decreases. The light
(i) Colour of the surface
ray is refracted towards the normal.
(ii) Condition of the surface
(ii) When light passes from a denser medium to a less
Laws of reflection ( i = r ) dense medium, it speed increases. The light
ray is refracted further away the normal.
Defects of Vision
- Inability to see far objects clearly - Inability to see near objects clearly
- Due to long eye balls, eye lenses - Due to short eye balls, eye lenses
abnormally think abnormally thin
- Concave lenses - Convex lenses
1.Phototropism 2.Geotropism
Nastic Movement
Divided into :
- Simple sugar (glucose, fructose,
galactose)
- Complex sugar (sucrose, maltose,
lactose)
Proteins
2 types of proteins - animal protiens and plant
protiens
Needed for :
(i) Building new cells
(ii) Repairing damaged tissues
(iii) Building enzymes and hormones
Fats
2 types of fats- animal fats and plant fats
Needed for :
(i) To provide energy
(ii) As heat insulator to prevent heat loss Mineral Salts
(iii) Dissolve vitamins A, D, E, K
(iv) Protect internal organs from injury
Fibre
- Cannot be digested
- Prevents constipation
- Helps peristalsis
Food Test
Living things
Plants Animals
Monocotyledons Algae
-one cotyledon(Food -do not have stems, leaves aquatic/ terrestial
substances) and roots
-parallel veins -have chlorophyll
-soft stem -spirulina Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Birds Fish
-fibrous root -warm-blooed -cold-blooded -cold-blooded -warm-blooded -cold-blooded
muscular feet
-internal -hard and dry scales -gills(young), -feathers -slimy scales
Fungi fertilization -internal fertilization lung(fully grown)
-beak, feathers,lungs -gills
-do not have leaves, stems, -dolphin,whale, -crocodile, -webbed feet
internal fertilization external
roots platypus lizard,snake, tortoise. -salamandar,
unjointed legs/ jointed fertilization
Dicotyledons -do not have chlorophyll -penguin,swan
frog,toad -sea horse
-two cotyledon leg
-yeast, mushroom, mucor
-network veins
-hard stem
platypus
-tap root Mosses
-have leaves, stems
-do not have chlorophyll
-moss
Ferns
-have stem, leaf systems,
chlorophyll
-reproduce by spores
Fern -Fern
Salamander