Yuslita Syafia

2201408072

ISLA/101-102

Matching problem in English and Indonesian

I. Phonological Error
The following text is a simple recount text. I make my little brother who is a tenth grader
of a senior high school read it aloud.

1. List of words
1.) Indonesian learners cannot easily differentiate these words
 fill-feel
 bit-beat
 laugh-love
 rob-rope
 bag-back
2.) Indonesian learners find difficulties in producing these words
a. Diphthong
 game, blade, male, paste, fame [eɪ]
 code, coke, rode, tone, coat [əʊ]
 bow, how, now, found, bound [aʊ]
b. consonant
 think, thank, thought, theme, math, path [θ]
 then, they, them, those, that, neither, either [ð]
 shade, shout, shape, shut, shy [ʃ]
 pleasure, treasure, measure, seizure [ʒ]
 vocal, wave, save, seven, television [v]
2. Identify the error
1.) Indonesian learners find difficulties in differenciating these vowel
 [ɪ]-[i]
 [ɪ]-[i:]
 [ʌ ]-[ɑː]
 [o]-[ɒ]
 [&]-[E]
2.) Indonesian learners find difficulties in producing these diphthong
 [eɪ] => [E]
 [əʊ] => [o]
 [aʊ] => [ou]
3.) Indonesian learners find difficulties in producing these consonant
 [ð] for example in word them [‘ðǝm] they will change it into [d]
  [ǣ] for example in word bag [‘bǣg] they will change it into [e]
 [θ]for example in word think [‘θI ŋk] they will change it into [t]
 [ʃ] for example in word shame [‘ʃeIm] they will change it into [s]
 [ʒ ] for example in word [ˈtel.ɪ.vɪʒ. ə n] they will change it into [s]

3. Describe the error

In producing English sound, Indonesian learners usually generalize similar vowels,
change unfamiliar diphthongs into similar vowels, and unfamiliar consonant into
familiar consonants.
 Fill [fɪl] – feel [fi:l]
 bid [bɪd] – bead [bi:d]
 Laugh [lɑːf] – love [lʌv]
 rob (rɒb) – rope [rəʊp]
 back [b&k] – bag [b&g]
 game, blade, male, paste, fame [eɪ] => [E]
 code, coke, rode, tone, coat [əʊ] => [o]
 bow, how, now, found, bound [aʊ] => [ou]
 think, thank, thought, theme, math, path [θ] => [t]
 then, they, them, those, that, neither, either [ð] => [d]
 shade, shout, shape, shut, shy [ʃ] => [s]
 pleasure, treasure, measure, seizure [ʒ] => [z/y]
 vocal, wave, save, seven, television [v] => [f]

4. Explain the error

1.) It is hard for Indonesian learners to differenciate vowel:
 [ɪ]-[i]
 [ɪ]-[i:]
 [ʌ ]-[ɑː]
 [o]-[ɒ]
 [&]-[E]
Because those sound don’t exist in Indonesian and Javanese language. Indonesian
and Javanese only have [a] [i] [u] [E] [o] so, they usually change those vowel into
familiar vowel that Indonesian and Javanese have.
2.) Indonesian find difficulties in producing these diphthong:
 [eɪ] => [E]
 [əʊ] => [o]
 [aʊ] => [ou]

For example, in the word game [geɪm] Indonesian learners pronounce it [gEm],
code [kəʊd] becomes [kod], or how [haʊ] becomes [hou]. Since Indonesian and
Javanese do not have those diphthong, Indonesian learners have difficulties to
produce them.
 3.) Indonesian find difficulties in producing these consonants:
 [θ] => [t]
 [ð] => [d]
 [ʃ] => [s]
 [ʒ] => [z/y]
 [v] => [f]

Indonesian learners make those substitution, for instance, for word think [θiNk]
they pronounce it [tiN], that [ð&t] becomes [dEt], shut [ʃʌt] becomes [sʌt], vocal
[vəʊ.kəl] becomes [fokel] because Indonesian and Javanese do not have those
consonants. Indonesian learners do not used to them.

5. Evaluation the error

From the previous explanation, we can conclude that Indonesian learners often make
mistakes in phonological matters because in Indonesian or Javanese some vowels,
diphthong, and consonants do not exist. They simply subtitute those unfamiliar
sounds into the familiar sounds they have known.

II. Morphological error

1. List of error sentences
 She have nine cow.
 i and you will go to her house.
 I borrow he book.
2. Identify the error
 She have nine cow.
The learners make mistakes in using verb and countable noun.
 You and i will go to her house.
The learners make mistake in punctuation.
 I borrow he book.
The learners make mistake in using possesive pronoun.
3. Describe the error
 She have nine cow.
Indonesian learners have difficulties to make a sentence with correct verb form
and singular or plural form of a word.
 You and i will go to her house.
Indonesian learners do not used to write “I”, in Indonesia it is “saya”, with capital
letter unless it is at the beginning of a sentence. While English write it in capital
letter, wherever it may be.
 I borrow he book.
Indonesian learners make mistakes in using possesive pronoun. Indonesian does
not have that system.
4. Explain the error
 She have nine cow.
 Since Indonesian does not use plural form and different verb for different object,
the learners get influenced by their native language, in this case Indonesian, when
using English. “She” here should be followed Vs, so it should be “she has...”, not
“she have...”. Whereas in this sentence, there are more than one cow. Besides,
cow is a countable noun. So, the cow should be in plural form, it should be
“cows”.
 You and i will go to her house.
In Indonesian, “saya” (I) is written with no capital letter. But “I” in English should
be written in capital letter. Indonesian learners may make many mistakes by write
‘I’ in small letter, because they get influence by their mother tongue.
 I borrow he book.
Indonesian does not have different name of the subject, object, or possession.
Saya, kamu, dia, kalian, as subject, object or possession, are same. Indonesian
learners may make mistakes when translate “saya meminjam bukunya (laki-laki)”
into English. They may translate it “I borrow he book”. This sentence should be “I
borrow his book”, because possessive pronoun of “he” is “his”.

5. Evaluation the error

Indonesian learners commonly make errors and mistakes in morphological matters is
because they are influenced by their mother tongue. In some matters, for instance
plural form and different name among subject, object, and possession, are not exist in
Indonesian. So, for Indonesian learners, they find it difficult to get used to.

III.Syntactical error
1. List of error
 book yellow, water boil, bird little
 It is seen by he the colorful balloons.
2. Identify the error
 book yellow, water boil, bird little
The learners make mistakes in recognizing parts of speech.
 It is see by him the colorful balloons.
The learnes make mistakes by using inappropriate word and sentence pattern.
3. Describe the error
 book yellow, water boil, bird little
Indonesian learners find difficulties in recognizing part of speech of words, so
they make mistakes when translate words from mother tongue to English.
 It is see by him the colorful balloons.
Besides finding difficulties in recognizing part of speech, Indonesian learners also
find difficulties in placing it within appropriate pattern in English.
4. Explain the error
 book yellow, water boil, bird little
Indonesian has common pattern diterangkan-menerangkan for noun phrase, such
as buku kuning, air matang, also burung kecil. In English, the pattern is
 menerangkan-diterangkan. So, the example given must be changed into yellow
book, boiled water, and also little bird. But Indonesian learners can make some
mistakes in translating it to English book yellow, water boil, or bird little.
 It is look by him the colorful balloons.
First mistake is the use of wrong verb for the object. The word “look” should be “be
looked” because it is passive. Second mistake, pattern like the example given is not
common in English. But not in Indonesia. If it is transalted into Indonesian it could
be “dilihatnya balon-balon berwarna-warni itu”, and it is very common in
Indonesian. That sounds ridiculous. If it is translated into English, it should be
“he/she look at the colorful balloons’.
5. Evaluation the error
Syntactical error made by the Indonesian learners is mostly because the learners do
not know the syntactical matters in English yet. Or they know the matters but they
are influenced by Indonesian system of language.