TIPE 2
Insulin
50
Insulin 40
(mU/L)
30 Low, steady, basal
insulin profile
20
10
0
0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600
140
120
Insulin (mU/mL)
100
80
60 IGT
Early Type 2
40
Type 2 diabetes
20
Normal
0
0800 1200 1600 2000 2400 0400
Clock time (hours)
0 6 12 18 24
Isophanes/NPH
(Intermediate)
Insulatard, Humulin N
Basal analogues
Glargine, Detemir
0 6 12 18 24
PROFIL KERJA INSULIN
140
Rapid acting (lispro, aspart)
120
100
80 Short acting (Regular)
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Hours
PEMILIHAN DAN WAKTU PEMAKAIAN
INSULIN
Gula darah Waktu dan jenis Insulin
Inadequate + +n +
Lifestyle 1 OAD 2 OAD 3 OAD
Memulai Insulin
Indikasi: 1. Gula darah puasa > 250
mg/dL
2. Gula darah sewaktu > 300
mg/dL
3. Hb A1c > 10 %
4. Weight loss ++
Regular Human Insulin
Kadar insulin dlm darah msh tinggi ttp absorpsi makanan dari
usus hampir selesai Meningkatnya risiko hipoglikemia
postprandial
Kendala utk yg sering menyuntik sesaat sblm makan efikasi
kurang
INSULIN ANALOG (Rapid-Acting)
Insulin Lispro and Insulin Aspart
Human Insulin
Insulin aspart
A-chain Aspartate at position
Gly
B28 instead of
S proline
1 S
Ala
Gln Cys 2
5 20 Asp Thr
Phe Gln
Ile S Lys
S Pro 30
1 15
S 10
His
S Phe Lys Pro
25
1
5
Gly
B-chain His
Leu 20
Insulin lispro
10
15 Positions of proline and
lysine reversed at B28 and
B29
Fast-acting analogs 1 Insulin Lispro 2 Insulin Aspart
Humalog® [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company; 2002
NovoLog® [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, Inc;2002
Insulin analog (Rapid acting)
s s
A1
A21
s s Detemir K
B1 s s
B30
Lispro K P
AspB10 D Glargine R R
Aspart D
INSULIN ANALOG (LONG ACTING)
1. Hiperglikemi emergensi
2. Infark miokard akut
3. Stroke
4. Infeksi sistemik
5. Syok kardiogenik
6. Edem anasarca
7. Kelainan kulit luas
8. Terapi steroid dosis tinggi
9. Peri operatif
10. Post transplan organ
Target kadar glukosa darah
Populasi pasien Kadar glukosa darah (mg/dl)
Pasien bedah dgn kondisi sakit berat 80 – 110
Periksa kadar glukosa darah >220 mg/dl Mulai insulin 2-4 Unit/jam
saat pasien masuk ICU 110 – 220 mg/dl Mulai insulin 1-2 unit/jam
< 110 mg/dl Periksa glukosa darah tiap 4
jam, insulin tidak diberikan
Periksa glukosa darah tiap 1-2 > 140 mg/dl Naikkan Insulin 1-2 Unit/jam
jam sampai kadar normal
110-140 mg/dl Naikkan Insulin 0,5-1 Unit/jam
• A1c pada pasien DM tipe 2 harus < 7% atau 6.5% pada pasien
dengan risiko penyakit kardiovascular