STPM 962/2

Section A
[40 marks]
Answer all questions

1. (a) (a) What is an ‘Ideal Gas’?

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[1 mark]
(b) Explain how real gases deviate from ideal gas behaviour.

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[2 marks]
(c) (i) 8.45 g of a gas at 120 oC and 101 kPa occupies 3200 cm3.
Calculate the relative molecular mass of the gas.

[2 marks]
(ii) The volume of a fixed mass of gas at 70 oC and 125 kPa is 4.2 dm3.
Calculate its volume at 45 oC and 140 kPa.
 [2 marks]
(d) State Dalton’s law of partial pressure.

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[1 mark]
(e) 40 dm3 of a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas at 600 K exerts a pressure of 4.24 x
107 Pa. If the mass of oxygen in the mixture is 3.2 kg, what is the partial pressure of
hydrogen gas in the mixture?

[ 2 marks]
2 The pKa values of four carboxylic acids are listed in the table below.

Acid Formula of acid pKa

1 CH3CH2COOH 4.9
2 CH3CHClCO2H 2.8
3 CH3CCl2COOH 1.4
4 CH2ClCH2COOH 4.1
(a) Describe and explain the trend in acidic strength shown by acids 1, 2 and 3.

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[ 3 marks]

(b) Give an explanation for the difference in the pKa values for acids 2 and 4

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[ 1 mark]

(c) Calculate the pH of a 0.010mol dm-3 solution of propanoic acid ( Acid 1)

[
2 marks]

(d) Draw the structural formula of ethanoyl chloride. Suggest how you would
prepare ethanoyl chloride from ethanoic acid

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[
2 marks]

(e) Write balanced equations for the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with
(i) ammonia

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[
2 marks]

Section B
Answer any four questions from this section
[ 60 marks ]

3 (a) (i) Using a solution of ammonium chloride and ammonia as example, explain what
is meant by a buffer solution. [ 5 marks ]
 (b) Equilibrium I:
H2O(g) + C(s) H2(g) + CO(g) ∆H= +131kJ mol-1

Equilibrium II:
2CrO4-(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O72-(aq) + H2O(l)

Use the Le Chatelier’s to predict and explain the effect of

(i) Increasing pressure in Equilibrium I

(ii) Increasing the temperature in Equilibrium I
(iii) Increasing concentration of H+ ions in Equilibrium II [ 6 marks ]

(c) The contact process is important in producing sulphuric acid.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) ∆H= +131kJ mol-1

When sulphur dioxide and oxygen in the ratio of 2: 1 at an initial total pressure of 3 atm
are passed over catalyst at 430 oC, the partial pressure of Sulphur Trioxide is 1.9 atm.
Calculate the partial pressure of SO2 and O2 at equilibrium, the total pressure at
equilibrium and the percentage of SO2 that is converted to SO3. [ 4 marks ]

4 (a) Define a buffer solution. [ 2 marks ]

(b) Explain the importance of the concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base for
efficient funtioning of the buffer solution. [ 5 marks ]

(c) A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 400 cm3 0f 0.02 mol dm-3 of aqueous ammonia
and 100 cm3 0.01 mol dm-3 of ammonia chloride. Ka of NH4+(aq) is 5.88 x 10-10 mol dm-3
and Kb of NH3(aq) is 1.70 x 10-5 mol dm-3.

(i) Calculate the pOH of the buffer solution. [ 3 marks ]

(ii) Calculate the change in the pH of the buffer solution when 5 cm3 0f 0.1 mol
dm-3 HCl is added to it. [ 5 marks ]

5. (a) During titration, potassium hydroxide, KOH solution of concentration 0.1 mol
dm-3 is added gradually to 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid, CH3COOH
until the equivalence point is reached.

[ pKa for CH3COOH = 4.70; pH + pOH = 14 ]

(i) What is meant by the equivalence point?

[ 1 mark ]
 (ii) Calculate the volume of KOH required to reach the equivalence point.
[ 1 mark ]

(iii) Calculate the initial pH of KOH and CH3COOH respectively.

[ 4 marks]

(iv) During the above titration process, there is a sharp increase of pH from
6.5 to 10.5 at the equivalence point.
From this given information and those that you have determined in (ii)
and (iii) above, sketch the titration curve to show the pH changes when
0.1 mol dm-3 KOH is added to 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 CH3COOH..
Label the end point and the zone of maximum buffer capacity.

[ 5 marks ]

(b) In a buffer solution containing ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate,

CH3COONa, it was found that an addition of sodium ethanoate reduces the
degree of dissociation of ethanoic acid.
Explain this occurrence with reference to the common ion effect.

[ 4 marks ]

6. (a) State Le Chatelier’s Principle.

The synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen is represented by the

equation below.

N2 (g) + 3H2 2NH3 (g) ; ∆H = - 92 kJ mol-1

Write the expression for the partial pressure equilibrium constant, Kp.

Explain the effect of the following changes on the position of equilibrium and
the equilibrium constant, Kp.
(i) an increase in pressure.

(ii) an increase in temperature.

(iii) addition of iron powder as a catalyst.

[ 10 marks ]

(b) The equation for the decomposition of gas P is given below.

2 P (g) 4Q(g) + R(g)

The reaction above is a first order reaction

(i) Write the rate equation for the reaction above.

(ii) At 328K, the rate of decomposition of P is 4.0 x 10-2 mol dm-3 s-1 when the
initial concentration is 0.020 mol dm-3.
Calculate the rate constant at 328K.

(iii) Calculate the time taken for the concentration of P to be reduced to

0.010 mol dm-3.

[ 5 marks]