AFOSR

Asian Math, Information and

Life Sciences
14 March 2011
Lt Col Dave Sonntag
Deputy Director
AFRL/RSZ
Air Force Research Laboratory
Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 88ABW-2011-0771
 2011 AFOSR SPRING REVIEW
MATH, INFO & LIFE SCIENCES

Name: Lt Col Dave Sonntag

Team: Prof Hiroshi Motoda (Part-time Program Manager)

Maj Glenn Coleman (Reservist)
Dr. Ken Boff (Sr. Advisor)
Dr. Peter Friedland (Sr. Advisor)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO:

Asian life sciences ranging from nano- to social-scale.

LIST SUB-AREAS IN PORTFOLIO:

•Sociocultural prediction
•Sensory systems
•Nano-bio interactions

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 Scientific Challenges

Theme Challenge Rationale

• Model collective behavior • Understand trust & values
Sociocultural • Quantitative vs qualitative • Hearts and minds
Modeling & • Huge datasets • Non-kinetic influence
Prediction

• Multiscale modeling • Biological control systems

Complex • Understanding causality • Autonomous systems
Networks • Human performance
Nanobio • Multidisciplinary • Biological optimization
Interactions, • Scale • Bio-inspired design
Sensory • Reverse-engineer 3B yr • Human performance
Systems R&D program

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Transformational Opportunities
2020 Timeframe

• Decision-Quality Prediction of
Behavior (TH 2.3)
Massive storage and processing power,
continued rise of open source, and
wireless sensor mesh

• Augmentation of Human
Performance (TH 2.4)

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 Other Funding Organizations

Theme Organizations Opportunity and Cost

• ONRG
Sociocultural • NSF
Modeling & • DTRA
Prediction • IARPA • Foreign work lost
• Ivory Tower syndrome
• TTCP (Anglo)
Complex • DSTO (Australia) • Loss of heavy-hitters
Networks • NSF • Loss of leverage
• DTRA
Nanobio • DARPA
Interactions, • Google
Sensory • Caltech/JPL
Systems
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 Program Trends

Theme Challenge Planned Direction

Sociocultural • Model collective behavior
Modeling & • Quantitative vs qualitative
Prediction • Huge datasets

• Multi-scale modeling
Complex • Understanding causality
Networks
Nanobio • Multi-disciplinary
Interactions, • Scale
Sensory • Reverse-engineer 3B yr
Systems R&D program

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 Recent Transitions

Theme Details
Seoul National  Harvard/MIT
Optical Brain-Computer Whole-brain scale up
Interface Tsukuba next?
(AFRL/RHCS)
Polarization vision workshop -- Srini’s bees
Sensory Systems (AFRL/RW)

AOARD PI-organized, Google-funded

Quantum Biology workshop. Four PIs now working with
AFRL/RXB and AFRL/RHP

TTCP AG-14 final report, complex decision-

Complex Adaptive making findings into Oz & US Sr. Service
Systems Schools
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 Converging Sciences
Transformational Opportunities & Risks

Bits Genes

Info Bio
Enhancing
Human
Performance

Nano Cogno

Atoms NSF, 2006 Neurons

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 Convergence Opportunities
2010: Quantum Meets Classical

―Nature has, for whatever

reason, been able to protect
Classical Gas: one bit per neuron lost per second
quantum coherence better than
Quantum of Solace: 1015 microtubule ops/s/neuron
we can do with molecules that
have been specially designed.‖
Simon Benjamin, National University of Singapore

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 Convergence Risks
Multi-Disciplinary Babel

New AOARD grantees: Japan’s NIMS, Czech Republic

Academy of Sciences
– Microtubule oscillations at 8 MHz
– Underappreciated electrodynamic nature of the cell

Static E-field around

mitochondrion, for different
density of protons in inter-
membrane space

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 Program Areas

• Socio-cultural Modeling & Prediction

– Systemic Functional Theory Meets Dynamical Systems
Theory
– Modeling Disaster Risk Attitudes
– Trust Formation in Global Virtual Teams
– WebMon Meets Social Networks
• Sensory Systems
– Auditory Hair Cell Modulation
• Quantum Biology
– Computing on the cytoskeleton?

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 Socio-Cultural Modeling
Synthesis of Systemic Functional Theory & Dynamical Systems Theory

Result of: AOARD 10-4107: Kay O’Halloran (National University Singapore) & Kevin Judd
(University of Western Australia)
Transition Paths: Semantic analysis of multimedia data; identification & tracking patterns; instability

Objective: Analyze multimedia data to

identify and track evolving semantic
patterns, esp related to stability.
Approach: Apply dynamical systems
theory (DST) to base data derived from
systemic functional theory (SFT) analysis
of text and multimedia resources.
Progress: Six case studies using SFT to
derive semantics, relations, interpersonal
meaning, modality and text organization.
DST applied in visualization tools to
compare semantic patterns across texts.

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 Socio-Cultural Modeling
Synthesis of Systemic Functional Theory & Dynamical Systems Theory

Significance: Benefits include an effective means for detecting

and analyzing discourse strategies through which people and
interest groups position themselves and create potential
instabilities in ways which are not always immediately apparent.

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 Modeling Disaster Risk Attitudes
Visualizing Disaster Experience Using Semantic Maps

Result of: AOARD discovery, long-term relationships of over 10 years

Investigators: Halimahtun Khalid, Damai Sciences, Malaysia
Martin Helander, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Methodology: ABC modeling, Semantic mining, Hybrid ontology architecture for system design

ABC Objectives:
attitudinal
model • To understand attitudes of people in three
classes of disasters: natural, human-induced
and pandemic influenza.
• Visualize semantics of disaster experience for
developing ontologies that may be used in
designing socio-technical system for disaster
management, combining attitudinal data with
physical disaster data, which is rarely done.
Approach:
Ontology
architecture • Top-down constructed ABC attitudinal model.
• Bottom-up: analysis of secondary data (people’s
stories, research & media reports). These were
mined using text mining tool, Leximancer, to
build hybrid ontology architecture.

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 Modeling Disaster Risk Attitudes
Visualizing Disaster Experience Using Semantic Maps

Research Significance:

• Scientific value is the systematic, all-

encompassing methodology for modeling
disaster risk attitudes, combining top-down
and bottom-up approaches.
• Hybrid ontology model integrating
information from heterogeneous sources;
may be exploited in disaster preventive
initiatives to prevent loss of lives due to
Semantic map of generic Natural Disaster
attitudinal issues, and to support disaster
(tsunami, earthquake hurricane, flood),
management efforts through better design
Behavior “anticipation” is dominant
of sociotechnical system.

Seed concepts of “anticipation”

include: concern (behavior), fear
(affect), and decision (cognition)

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Modeling Disaster Risk Attitudes
Visualizing Disaster Experience Using Semantic Maps

Research Significance :

• Scientific value is the systematic, all

encompassing methodology for modeling
disaster risk attitudes, combining top-down
and bottom-up approaches.
• Hybrid ontology model integrating
information from heterogenous sources,
may be exploited in disaster preventive
initiatives to prevent loss of lives due to
attitudinal issues, and to support disaster
management efforts through better design
of sociotechnical system.
Socio-technical
System Datatypes

Mapping attitudinal to
disaster situation ontologies

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 Effects of Culture on the Formation of
Swift Trust within Global Virtual Teams
Result of: AOARD discovery, long-term relationships of over 5 years
Investigators: Norhayati Zakaria, Shafiz Mohd Yusof
Wollongong University in Dubai, University Utara Malaysia
3

1 Future Direction:
Examine Cultural Effects on Swift Trust
Better Better Lifecycle within GVTs using Cultural Theoretical Lens
Leadership Management
CULTURAL VALUES
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High Context Low Context
Challenges in GVTs
Culture Culture

Reducing Swift trust with Trust is objective

Knowledge
sharing in-group and task-oriented
conflict Global
Virtual Teams High members
Trust
Trust

Culture
People are less
Swift Trust Anxiety towards keen to develop
out-group swift trust based
Low members on affective
GVT + Swift Trust objectives
Trust + Culture because
relationship –
orientations take
longer to develop17
 WebMon for Social Network
Opinion mining and early warning

Web information Trend Changes: Solution: WebMon for

Information storage & publication Risk Management
Search Engines, Portals, News
Business / Service App. interfaces
eBay, Amazon… Monitoring
Smart Monitor

Social networks with many devices

Mobile phones, Smart phones Classifying
Live updates within social networks
Classifier
Facebook & Twitter
New WebMon for Social Networks:
Analysis
• Provide more active monitoring Impact Analyser
• Monitor live update
• Provide information for impact analysis PI: B. Kang (University of Tasmania)
of public issues/opinions Co-fund: T. Lyons (AFOSR/NL)
• Provide early warning and response Partner: J. Salerno (AFRL/RI)
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 WebMon for Social Network
Opinion mining and early warning
Twitter communities in South Korea analyzed:
• Monitoring Sentiment Analysis
• Collect opinion data
(total volume trend of articles on Samsung insurance)
• Analysis
• Sentiment analysis
(positive, negative, unclassifiable)
• Social network analysis
(who influenced whom)
• Location analysis
(where in regions)
Dec 7, 2010 Dec 17, 2010

States in S. Korea
Seoul area
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Location Analysis Social Network Analysis

 Auditory Hair Cell Modulation
Nanoscale Monitoring and Modulation of Auditory Sensing System

Result of: AOARD discovery: Jinwoo Cheon, Yonsei University

Transition Paths: Bionic Ear, Acoustic Wave Sensing
• Scientific Objective: mechanical
Magnetic microparticle- actuation of auditory hair cells by
Bullfrog hair cell bound hair cell using novel nanotechnology.
magnetic probetip
• Approach: (1) Magnetic micro-
and nano-particles linked to lectins
at the surface of hair
cells' stereocilia, and (2) magnetic
magnetic magnetic probe for exerting pN-scale forces
particle particle on hair cells, inducing a real-time
modulation of natural oscillation.
• Progress: Demonstrated the first
hair mechanical manipulation of hair
cell cells using magnetic stimulus.
• Significance: (1) externally
imposed control of hair cell
Magnetic manipulation of hair cell oscillation oscillation, (2) study of hair
cell dynamics under applied
fast slow loading, thus modeling the effects
of feedback in the biological
system, (3) showcase of new
design of nanoscale
actuator/sensors.
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 Nano-bio-info
Information Processing in Single Microtubules
Result of: AOARD discovery: Anirban Bandyopadhyay, Japan NIMS, Tsukuba
Transition Paths: Biological information processing, quantum biology

• Three layers operate in different AC

frequency regimes independently.
• Outer layers are significantly slower
than lower layers.
• Each layer is a signal purification filter
for inner layer.
• All three layers have distinct crystal
symmetry at junction—memory states
are largely protected.

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 Nano-bio-info
Information Processing in Single Microtubules

Can encode 500 bits in a single microtubule. 22

 Nano-bio-info
Information Processing in Single Microtubules

Temp-Independent Conductivity:
• 1981-1998, metals, molten, or high
pressure/low temperature
• First example in a biological
system

Room-Temperature Interferometry:
• Symmetry indicates quantum
Temperature-Independent Conductivity coherence
• Previously documented in CNTs
and gold nanowires, but nowhere
nearly as robust
• Huge implications for biological
computation
• Penrose-Hameroff ORCH-OR still
Vgate

in play
• May explain Montagnier’s latest
Microtubule CNT
• Next quantum biology workshop
Vsource - Vdrain in Stockholm
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Room-Temperature Interferometry
 Advice for my Successor
(Summary)

• Complex adaptive systems have proven very useful

for understanding living systems from the nano to the
social scale
• Ongoing workshops in causality continue
• Nanobio findings suggest AOARD should begin to
explore magnetobiology within sensory systems
framework
• Exciting future for quantum biology and
• Your time in Tokyo will fly by too fast

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これで終わりです

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