2011

Electrical Machines Lab

Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif

UET Lahore
2/16/2011
Electrical Machines Lab Department of Electrical Engineering UET, Lahore

Load Test of DC Series Motor

1. What is the purpose of doing brake test/load test?
2. Where does the output go in this experiment?
3. Why applied voltage does not remain constant in this experiment?
4. What is the important precaution in this experiment?
5. Is series motor a constant speed motor?
6. Why speed of a series motor decrease so drastically with load?
7. How does the torque of a series motor vary with load current? Write down the exact
expression.
8. Compare torque/load characteristics of a series motor with that of a shunt motor.
9. Compare speed/load characteristics of a series motor with that of a shunt motor.
10. What are the applications of series motor? (Mention at least five applications)
11. Explain the statement that DC series motor is most suitable for traction purposes.
12. Is there any other method of testing DC series motor?
13. Is brake test is suitable for big motors?
14. Why Ia increases with load?
15. Can you find the unknown output of motor by this experiment?
16. Can we run DC series motor at no load? If not, Why?
17. Is it necessary to maintain the constant input voltage while performing load test?
18. How we can change the speed of a DC series motor? (Give name of six methods)

Magnetic Characteristics of DC Generator

1. What are magnetic characteristics of any generator?
2. Why do we call it magnetic characteristics, when there is no magnetic quantity under
observation?
3. What is an important precaution in this experiment?
4. Why the graph does not start from the origin
5. Why the curve is straight line up to a certain point, after which it tends to be non linear?
6. Why rising and falling characteristics do not overlap each other?
7. What are the conditions for voltage build-up of a DC shunt generator?
8. What would you do if the generator fails to excite and why?
9. The magnetic characteristics of a shunt generator is plotted at no load, how would you
plot the same for DC series generator?
10. Is it necessary to keep the speed constant while performing this experiment?
11. What is coercivity? What is its significance?

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Electrical Machines Lab Department of Electrical Engineering UET, Lahore

12. In which generator residual magnetic field is necessary to start voltage build-up
phenomenon?
13. What will you do if your machine does not have any retained magnetic field?

Load Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator

1. What do you mean by the load characteristics of any generator?

2. What are different types of load characteristics?
3. Will you adjust the field rheostat for each observation?
4. Why does terminal voltage decreases with the increase in load?
5. Why does If decreases with the increase in load?
6. What is armature reaction? How does it affect terminal voltage?
7. Why induced EMF decreases with load?
8. Is it possible to maintain constant terminal voltage at all loads?
9. What is an important precaution in this experiment?
10. What do you mean by voltage regulation of a DC generator?
11. For a certain observation, why terminal voltage is not equal to induced EMF?
12. How we can overcome the voltage reduction because of armature reaction?

Speed Control of DC motor

1. What are the factors controlling the speed of DC shunt motor?

2. A dc shunt motor runs at 1000 rpm without any control, which method would be used
to get the speed below 1000 rpm?
3. What is the base speed of a DC machine?
4. Which method is used to increase the speed above the base speed of the machine?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of flux control method?
6. What are the merits and demerits of armature resistance control method?
7. Why flux control method cannot be used to get the speed lower than the base speed of
the machine?
8. Why voltage control method cannot be used to get the speed above the rated speed?
9. What will be the change in speed if a rheostat is connected in parallel to field winding?
10. The armature resistance of a certain machine is adjusted to get a speed of 1000 rpm at
no load, why this speed would change when motor is loaded?
11. Is dc shunt motor is a constant speed motor or a variable speed motor if no device is
used for speed control?

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Electrical Machines Lab Department of Electrical Engineering UET, Lahore

12. What would happen if the field of a dc shunt motor becomes open during running
condition?
13. What is adjustable speed controller?

Components of Voltage drop in DC shunt generator

1. What are the components of voltage drop in a generator with constant resistance in
field circuit?
2. What is armature reaction? What are its two components?
3. How we can nullify the armature reaction effect?
4. If the field current is variable, what is represented by the difference between terminal
voltage and induced EMF at a certain load?
5. If field current is constant why terminal voltage is different from the induced EMF at a
certain load?
6. What is the purpose of measuring voltage drop components?
7. What are the factors responsible for change in terminal voltage and induced EMF.
8. Is there any compensating winding or interpoles in the lab machines?
9. Does armature reaction affect increase with load?
10. In which direction magnetic neutral axis is shifted in dc generator?
11. Why compensating winding or interpoles winding is connected in series with the
armature winding?
12. What is the average voltage drop in your experiment because of armature reaction?
13. Name five different types of losses taking place in a dc machine.
14. Draw the power flow diagram for dc generator.

Load Characteristics of DC series Generator

1. Why load characteristics do not start from the origin?

2. Why terminal voltage increases with the increase of load?
3. What is the difference in the shape of magnetic and load characteristics of a series
generator?
4. Why series generator is not suitable for domestic purposes?
5. What is an important precaution in this experiment?
6. Compare the load characteristics of shunt and series generator.
7. Why shunt generator is suitable for domestic purposes?
8. Is series generator is a constant or variable voltage machine?
9. What are the applications of series generator?

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Electrical Machines Lab Department of Electrical Engineering UET, Lahore

10. Can you run a dc generator as a motor?

11. If the load is totally removed, what will be the output of the generator?
12. What are the applications of a series generator?

Efficiency of Transformer by open circuit and short circuit test

1. Why copper losses are negligible in open circuit test?

2. Why open circuit test is done at normal voltage?
3. What information is obtained from open circuit test?
4. Why iron losses are constant?
5. Why copper losses are variable?
6. Why iron losses are negligible in short circuit test?
7. Why reduced voltage is applied in short circuit test?
8. What may possibly happen if short circuit test is carried at normal voltage?
9. What is the function of tubes/fins on the surface of tank?
10. What is the function of oil, breather and conservator?
11. What is the output of transformer in open circuit and short circuit test?
12. Why transformer is damaged if over loaded?
13. What is power factor of transformer in this experiment?
14. How does the efficiency curve changes with power factor?
15. What should be the power factor of the load for better efficiency?
16. What is the condition for maximum efficiency of a transformer?
17. Why open circuit test and short circuit test do not provide information about thermal
safety of transformer?
18. Why efficiency of transformer is higher than that of a generator or motor?
19. Which test is used to obtain the losses as well as maximum temperature of the
transformer?
20. How open circuit test and short circuit test are cheaper as compared to the load test of
the transformer?
21. How can you minimize the losses in transformer?
22. Why efficiency of a transformer starts decreasing with the increase of load beyond a
certain point?

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Electrical Machines Lab Department of Electrical Engineering UET, Lahore

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