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American University Of Beirut

Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture


Electrical And Computer Engineering Department

EECE471L Power System Laboratory

Experiment 3
Load Characteristics of a Synchronous Motor

1. Objective
 To understand the significance of torque angle in connection with the load on a
synchronous motor.
 To investigate the effect of field excitation on the torque angle.

2. Procedure
1A, DC

If 1 2
+ + 1
0-250V

0-300V

Shunt field

S ync hronous
DC

DC

machine field

Ind S ync
S tart Run

- - 2
Damper winding

W1
A IG
IM
1A/600V 1 2.5A, DC
500V VM
2A, AC A1
Variac

AC
B
Load

4 6 300V
5 VG
DC
2 3
C A2
W2

Synchronous motor DC generator

Fig. 1: Synchronous motor loaded by a DC generator


Starting the motor
Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 1. The DC machine is connected as a
generator, which acts as a load on synchronous motor. Set the excitation field of the
DC machine and synchronous motor to ZERO. Start and synchronize the motor as
follows:
1. With the switch in the SYNC RUN position, adjust the synchronous
motor excitation to 1A.
2. Return the switch to the IND START position and start the motor by
increasing its three-phase supply slowly from 0 to 380V.
3. When the motor reaches no load speed, move the switch to the
SYNC RUN position. The rotor will then synchronize with the line and the
motor will be running at a speed almost equal to 1500 rpm.

Loading the motor


1. Adjust the field of the synchronous motor to produce unity power factor.
Record the value of If.
2. Using the strobe tachometer set the torque angle indicator for 0o. Increase the
DC motor excitation until it produces an output voltage V0 = 220V at no load.
3. Add 12 steps of load, two at a time, reading all parameters each time.
4. Set the load so that the torque angle δ is approximately 20o. Reduce the
applied voltage of the motor until it drops out of synchronism. Record the
value of the applied voltage and the corresponding value of δ at that point.
5. With 380V applied to the motor, set the load so that the torque angle δ is
approximately 20o. Reduce the excitation current until the motor drops out of
synchronism. Record the value of If and the corresponding value of δ at that
point.
6. Insert the transmission line simulator between the source and the motor. Set
the line for 200 miles and repeat step 3.

3. Report
1. For steps 3 and 6 in part B, calculate:
a. The input power to the motor.
b. Output power of the generator.
c. The power factor of the motor using the formula:

W1 −W2
1. tan φ = 3 × , where pf =cos φ
W1 +W2
2. Compare the powers on the AC and DC sides: are they equal? Explain.
3. How can you estimate the no load losses of the motor? Explain.
4. Comment on the behavior of the motor (concerning torque angle, power, and
current) as load is increased. What is the effect of the transmission line on the motor
parameters?
5. How does the field excitation and motor voltage affect the torque angle? Explain

S.K. / B.S.

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