VENKTESHWAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INDORE

BE- VI Semester, BRANCH: Electrical & Electronics Engg.

Subject: Switchgear & Protection(EX-603)
Faculty: Arvind Yadav

Mobile No. of Faculty: +91-9893666587 e-Mail ID of Faculty Member: arvind.svits@gmail.com

LESSON PLAN (Session:Jan-June’2011)
Introduction: Power systems are complex networks of generators and loads interconnected via transmission lines and various
types of equipment and apparatus (transformers, switchgear, etc). An overview of modern power systems meeting
present and future challenges involves understanding the fast changing structure of this system, the behavior of its
components under steady state, dynamic and transient conditions, in order to be able to evaluate the response of
this complex system to variation of loads, and to determine how this system can be controlled to supply the loads
reliably while it is economical and safe to the environment.

Objective: The course aims to provide the student with essential knowledge in high-voltage power system components and
equipment such as their functions, physical design, factors affecting their operation, and diagnostic techniques to
monitor their condition.

Course Contents: Fault Analysis ,Proactive Relays ,Circuit Breakers ,System Protection ,Protection of Transformers,Surge Protection
& insulation co-ordination

Application of the
course: The course will provide students with essential knowledge in power systems required for its analysis. Topics
covered comprise: review of the basic concepts used in power system analysis: phasors, complex power, three
phase systems and per-unit; introduction of equivalent circuit models for power system components including
transformers, generators, transmission lines and loads; power system fault calculations including: symmetrical
components, symmetrical faults, and unsymmetrical faults; surge propagation during transients in power system;
power system stability by introduction of swing equation, and a multi-machine system; power system protection
principles; power system control and economic dispatch.

Importance of the
course: In this course we will discuss Protection of Electrical equipment from Dangerous Over Voltages or Short Circuit
Faults using Protection systems ( such as Protective Relays; Circuit Breakers etc… ). At the end of this course the
student is expected to be familiar with the Principles of Protective Systems and their application in real life.

You are advised to read carefully through given material and attempt all quiz/questionaires in this course and dont
forget to follow necessary safety code that will be outlined in this course. We hope you will enjoy this course in
Electrical Engineering.
Special
instructions for
the students: The course consists of the following elements: lectures, laboratory work, home work, and tutorials:
Lectures:
Students are expected to attend the lectures and prepare themselves for them. The lectures provide the students
with a focus on the core material in the course. Generic features and functions of various types of major equipment
and apparatus required in a typical power system network are explained. This is further illustrated with practical
examples from Australian power utility installations. Mathematical tools and computer-aided analysis are then used
to convey a qualitative understanding of critical issues affecting the operation of power system equipment. This in
turn leads students to an appreciation of the equipment ratings, choice of particular insulation materials and
designs. The basic principles covering the high-voltage testing and condition monitoring of equipment are
presented and then illustrated by examining a wide array of diagnostic devices that are currently being used in the
power industry.

Laboratory work:
The laboratory work provides the student with hands-on experience and exposure to practical high- voltage testing,
measurement and reporting.The experiments will contain material that may not be covered in lectures until after
the experiment is done. This requires that the laboratory sheets must be read thoroughly before the laboratory
session. Students must come prepared for the laboratory sessions; the laboratory sessions are short, so this is
only possible way to complete the given tasks.

Tutorials:
The tutorial sessions provide personal assistance to students in solving problems. A total of 5 problem sets will be
presented throughout the semester and some of these will be worked through during the tutorials. The tutorials
take the student through all critical course topics and aim to exercise the students’ analytical and critical thinking
skills. Students are strongly encouraged to complete all the tutorial problems as these help to develop in-depth
quantitative understanding of the course materials. During tutorials, students will also be invited to raise any
concepts or topics covered in lectures with which they are experiencing difficulty and required another explanation.
Tutorials are also opportunities for interactive discussion on any questions, issues or topics relevant to the course.

Home work:
The class lectures can only cover the course material to a certain depth; students must down-load the lecture
notes (from the course web site) and reflect on its content as preparation for the lectures to fully appreciate the
course material. Further research and reading from the recommended list of text/reference books are also
required. The ability to read the literature, identify relevant parts and extract critical information with the aid of the
lectures is regarded as an essential component of this course. Also, a significant component of home work is
preparation for laboratory, tutorials, and writing laboratory reports.
Period Date held Objective Topic/Sub topic to be covered Skills to be developed Reference Remarks
No.
Unit-I
Fault Analysis
25/01/201 To know about the per unit, representation and its p.u. calculations can be STUDENTS JOINED
1 1 per unit advantages done for complex electrical Book No.1: page 9-11 THE CLASSES ON
calculations. parameters. THIS DATE .
27/01/201 To analyze the faults in power systems (Symmetrical types of faults can be COMPLETED
2 1 faults in power & Unsymmetrical), recognized. Book No.1: page 332-333
systems
28/01/201 To draw the line Single line and equivalent single line diagram can be COMPLETED
3 1 diagram of power impendence diagram representation drawn for complex power Book No.1: page305-307
systems. of power system components system.
4 01/02/201 Symmetrical components and its COMPLETED
To analyze the application to power systems Book No.1: page299-303
1 faults in power with the help of symmetrical
5 02/02/201 systems with the fault analysis, components fault analysis Book No.1: page 308-325 COMPLETED
1 help of symmetrical fault analysis, can be done.
03/02/201 COMPLETED
6 components. Book No.1: page 308-325
1
04/02/201 To draw the Sequence networks and their COMPLETED
7 1 sequence network interconnection for different types of Book No.1: page 329-333
for various faults sequence networks can be
drawn and analyzed for
8 09/02/201 interconnected Sequence networks and their
different types of faults COMPLETED
1 systems interconnection for different types of Book No.1: page 329-332
faults
9 10/02/201 To calculate the Effect of fault impedance Book No.1: page 333-335 COMPLETED
short-circuit short-circuit capacity can be
1
11/02/201 Current limiting reactors, its location COMPLETED
10 capacity of and application, calculated for various Book No.1: page 338-339
1 current limiting reactors.
reactors Short circuit calculation.
11 12/02/201 Book No.1: page 340-342 COMPLETED
1 Unit-II
Proactive Relays
12 15/02/201 To study about the Requirement of relays, Book No.1: page 359 COMPLETED
1 requirement of Knowledge of power system
13 16/02/201 Primary & backup protection, Book No.1: page 360 COMPLETED
relays for the protection can be
1
17/02/201 power system developed.
14 Desirable qualities of relays, Book No.1: page 361-363 COMPLETED
1 protection
18/02/201 To study the Concept of Pickup, reset & drop-off, COMPLETED
15 different Drop off/ Pickup ratio, invers Book No.1: page 364-365
1 characteristics of relays can
23/02/201 characteristics of inverse time & definite time be understood COMPLETED
16 relays. Book No.1: page 366-369
1 charterstics,
17 24/02/201 To know about the Attracted armature, Balanced Beam Book No.1: page 370-376 COMPLETED
18 1
26/02/201 components & Induction disc, Induction cup, Working principle of the Book No.1: page 377-380 COMPLETED
01/03/201 working priciple of Moving coil & moving Iron, Rectifier , relays can be understood.
19 relays Book No.1: page 381-386 COMPLETED
1
 03/03/201 To study the Thermal, Bimetal directional relay, different types of relays can COMPLETED
20 1 different types of Frequency, DC, all or nothing relays be recognised. Book No.1: page 387-388
relays
03/03/201 To study about the Pilot & negative sequence, Over COMPLETED
21 performance of current, Over Voltage, Book No.1: page 389
1 performance of the relays
08/03/201 relays. Directional, Differential and Distance cane understood. COMPLETED
22 relays, R-X diagram, Book No.1: page 390
1
10/03/201 To classify the Impedance mho & reactance relay. COMPLETED
23 1 various relays Introduction of static analog & digital Book No.1: page 408
Students will be able to
based on the relays,
classify the various relays.
24 12/03/201 operating Classification of static relays. Book No.1: page 428 COMPLETED
charecteristics
1 Unit-III
Circuit Breakers
Elementary principle of arc
25 To know about the quenching, recovery & re-striking Book No.1: page 479
Students will be able to
basic priciple of voltage,
understand the working
working of cicuit - arc quenching devices, description
principle of circuit-breaker.
26 breaker. and operation of Bulk oil, Minimum Book No.1: page 481-484
oil,
Air break, Air blast, SF6, Book No.1: page 492-
27
To study about the 495,500
Vacuum circuit breakers and DC Types of circuit-breakers
various types of
and fuses can be
28 cicuit-breakers & circuit breakers, their comparative Book No.1: page 496-499
understood.
fuses merits,
29 LT Switch gear, HRC fuses, Book No.1: page 461-464
To discuss the current limiting reactor & influence of
30 reactors in CB ratings, Book No.1: page 502-504
effect of reactors in Ratings of CB can be
CB ratings and decided.
31 testing of CB Testing of circuit breaker Book No.1: page 505-509
Unit-IV
System Protection
Protection of Generators - Earth
32 Fault, percentage, differential, Loss Book No.1: page 392-400
To discuss the of excitation, Students will be able to
faults and failure in analyse the faults in the
the generators and Prime mover failure, Over current, generators and which types
33 Turn to turn fault Book No.1: page 392-400
it's protection of protection scheme can be
scheme used.
34 Negative phase sequence, heating, Book No.1: page 392-400
35 Reverse power protection schemes Book No.1: page 392-400
Protection of Transformers
36 To study the faults Internal & external fault protection, Students can detects the Book No.1: page 401-407
37 in Transformers Differential, Earth fault, Over Current, faults in the transformers Book No.1: page 401-407
38 and it's protection Over heating, Protection schemes, and be able to understand Book No.1: page 401-407
 scheme. Protection of transmission lines, the varios protection
39 Over current, schemes. Book No.1: page 401-407
Distance and carrier current
40 protection schemes. Book No.1: page 401-407
Unit-V
Surge Protection & insulation co-
ordination
Switching surges, Phenomena of
41 To discuss the Lightning, Students will be able to Book No.1: page 289-292
phenomenon of understood the concept of
lightning , it's effect over voltage due to lightning, surge phenomenon due to
and protection Protection against lightning, lightning and switching and
42 Book No.1: page 293-295
against it. Lightning arrestors, selection of it's protection schemes
lightning arrestors,
Surge absorbers and diverters, Rod
To study about the
43 gap, Horn gap expulsion type & Students can recognize the Book No.1: page 259-264
various surge
valve type lightning arrestors, surge effect and can be
protection
solid resistance and reactance able to decide which types
schemes like
44 earthing, of protection systems like Book No.1: page 265-268
lightning arrestors,
rod gap, horn
reactance earthing Arc suppression coil, Earthing
45 gap,reactors,earthing Book No.1: page 284-288
& earthing transformers, transformers can be used.
transformers etc Earth wires, Earthing of appliances,
46 Book No.1: page 284-288
insulation co-ordination, Definitions
47 To determine the determination of line insulation, Book No.1: page 514-531
Students can understood
insulation level of insulation level of substation the concept of insulation co-
48 sub-station equipment, Book No.1: page 514-531
ordination and insulation lvel
equipments and
co- ordination amongst items of of substation equipments.
49 transmission line Book No.1: page 514-531
substation equipment

List of text and Reference books

Sr. No. Title Authors Publisher
C.L.Wadhwa New Age
Book No.
Electrical Power systems international (P)
1
Ltd
Book No. Ashfaq Hussain CBS Publication
Electrical Power systems
2
Book No. J.B. Gupta
Power systems
3

Signature of Faculty Member