ii
PREFACE
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Final Year Project committee would like to take this opportunity to thank
Prof. Dr. Ridzwan Abdul Rahman, the Dean of the School of Sustainable
Agriculture (SSA) and Assoc. Prof. Datin Dr. Mariam Abd. Latip, the Dean of the
Centre for Postgraduate Studies for their guidance in the preparation of this
guide.
The Committee would also like to thank Ms. Mandy Maid, Head of
Programme for Forest Plantation and Agroforestry Programme, School of
International Tropical Forestry; Ms. Lam Nyee Fan, Head of Programme for
Conservation Biology Programme, School of Science and Technology (SST) and
Lecturer at the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation; Dr. Pushpalatha
Palaniappan and Dr. Annita Young Seok Kian, Lecturers at the Borneo Marine
Research Institute, Mrs Noraini Abdullah, Lecturer and Library representative of
SST; and Ms. Ho Ai Ling, Lecturer at the School of Food Science and Nutrition,
for their willingness to share their experience and information relating to the
procedures in handling final year projects at their respective schools/institutes.
Our thanks also to Prof. Dr. Marcus Japony, Lecturer at the SST for his
kind advice; UMS Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) committee for the MQA
documents; and Mr. Jamiun Michael, Librarian in Gift, Exchange and Archive
Section of the UMS library for providing information on the use of the words
“latihan ilmiah”, as well as, the colour of the dissertation cover.
Last but not least, we would also like to convey our deepest appreciation
and thanks to all staff of the SSA and SST who directly or indirectly helped in the
preparation of this guide.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
INTRODUCTION 1
COURSE OBJECTIVES 1
PREREQUISITES 2
MODUS OPERANDI 2
Selection of Project Title and Supervisor 2
Preparation of the Proposal 3
Presentation of the Proposal 4
Conducting the Research Project 4
Preparation and Submission of Research Project 1 Report 4
Research Project 2 - Preparation and Submission of the Dissertation 5
The Oral Examination (Viva voce) 6
Compilation and Binding of the Final Dissertation 6
Contents of Dissertation 6
MARKING SYSTEM 8
Appendices 12
v
INTRODUCTION
Final Year Project (Projek Tahun Akhir) is a course in which each student of the
School of Sustainable Agriculture (SSA) is required to conduct a mini (short-term)
research project under the guidance of a supervisor. It starts with the selection
of a project title and a Lecturer(s) as supervisor(s). This is followed by the
presentation of a research proposal. Each student is then required to present
the project report after completion of the research project.
This course deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the
scientific approach in carrying out a research project. It covers literature review,
project proposal preparation and presentation, and writing of a scientific report.
The course is delivered through a combination of lectures, guided learning,
seminars and self- study.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1
Besides achieving these objectives, it is also hoped that the students will
be able to better understand theories, to think and analyze critically, and develop
an attitude and aptitude of independence.
The duration of a Final Year Project is one year starting with the selection of a
topic and supervisor till the submission of a draft of the dissertation. It is split
into two courses, namely Research Project 1 (Course Code RC/RH/RL 40102) and
Research Project 2 (Course Code RC/RH/RL 40204), totalling six (6) credit hours.
PREREQUISITES
This Final Year Project is open only to students who have completed the third
year level of School and Programme courses (equivalent to a minimum of 97
credit hours).
A student who wants to register for this course must also have
successfully completed two/three of the following courses:
MODUS OPERANDI
Ideally, the selection of a title and supervisor(s) should be done one semester
before the student intends to register for Research Project 1. This is to allow the
2
students ample time to choose a title and prepare the proposal, especially during
the semester break.
Students are expected to submit their project titles and names of their
supervisor(s) to the Final Year Project Coordinators before they register for
Research Project 1.
Once a project title has been agreed upon, the student and the supervisor(s) will
discuss the methodology suitable for conducting the Project. The project can
take any of these forms:
1) Laboratory based
2) Field based
3) Theoretical
4) Analytical based on secondary data
5) Questionnaire based; and
6) Extension activities based
3
The proposal has to be written in the prescribed format outlined in
Appendix B. It should comprise the project title, introduction, objective(s) and
hypotheses of the study, literature review, materials and methods, references,
appendices (if applicable), and schedule of implementation (Gantt chart). The
student should get guidance for the supervisor(s) during preparation of the
proposal.
The Coordinators will set a date and venue for each student to present his/her
proposal before the end of the fourth week of Semester 1. The students are
encouraged to use the latest audio-visual technologies to present their proposals.
The proposal has to be presented in English and all lecturers are invited to act as
examiners. Each student’s presentation will last for 10 minutes. There will be an
additional 5 minutes for a question and answer session, comments and
clarifications.
Once the proposal is approved, the student can commence work on the project.
Those who encounter problems in their project proposals would have to first
make amendments before starting the field, laboratory or other study. The
students will be monitored by their respective supervisor(s) during the conduct of
the project. Students are advised to concurrently engage in writing the
dissertation while the project is ongoing.
The written Research Project 1 report should consist of three chapters, namely,
Chapter 1 (Introduction); Chapter 2 (Literature Review); and Chapter 3
(Materials and Methods). If a student is able to obtain the research project
results early, the student can also include the results in the Research Project 1
report.
Each student is required to submit two (2) ring-bound draft copies to the
coordinators. The draft is to be written in Malay. It can be written in English
4
only upon approval by the Dean of SSA (Appendix C). Any request for the report
to be written in English will only be considered if the student has a good
command of English and/or the supervisor is not fluent in Malay. The format for
writing the report should adhere strictly to the guidelines provided in the “Guide
to Dissertation Writing” published by SSA.
Each student must submit two (2) ring-bound copies of the draft
dissertation on or before the deadline announced by the coordinators. The
submission date will allow ample time for the examiners to give comments and
suggestions for improvement of the draft. The examiners will be the
supervisor(s) and a member of the Academia. The coordinators will ensure that
Research Projects 1 and 2 of any particular student are examined by the same
examiners, unless when a change is unavoidable.
5
Subsequently, the student would have to attend an oral examination (viva
voce) on a date set by the coordinators.
Viva voce is an oral examination of a student on their Final Year Project. Each
student is allocated 10 minutes to present (oral) an overview and findings of
their Final Year Project. Five to ten minutes is allocated for question and answer
session. A student will automatically get a fail grade (E) if it is found that the
research results and findings presented are not those of the student or is the
result of manipulated data, involves plagiarism, or any similar academic
dishonesty.
After a student has corrected/amended the draft taking into account all
comments and suggestions by examiners, each student must submit at least
three complete final copies of the dissertation to SSA for hardcover binding, one
each for the School, the University Library and Supervisor(s). If a student has a
co-supervisor, an extra copy is required. The colour of the dissertation cover is
dark green. The copy for SSA will be kept in the SSA Resource Room.
Contents of Dissertation
1) Title Page
A good project title should contain a minimum number of words but would still
reflect the content and emphasis of the project.
2) Acknowledgements
The students are encouraged to acknowledge individuals who have contributed
to making their Final Year Project a success.
6
3) Abstracts
An abstract is a page/paragraph that summarises the entire dissertation. It
contains the problem statement; objectives of the study; materials and methods
used; major findings; and conclusion. Students are required to prepare both
English and Malay versions of the abstract. The abstract which is written in the
same language as that of the dissertation will appear first.
4) Table of Contents
6) Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter includes a brief background, problem statement,
purpose/justification/need/rationale/importance of the study and objective(s) of
the study. The number of pages should not exceed five (5).
9) Chapter 4: Results
Results obtained are presented and illustrated in this chapter using tables,
graphs, etc.
7
11) Chapter 6: Conclusion
This chapter contains a summary of the study, conclusion and recommendations
for further study based on the findings of the study.
12) References
All references cited are listed in this section using the specified format.
MARKING SYSTEM
Marks for Research Project 1 and Research Project 2 are divided into various
parts, namely oral presentation or viva voce (comprising 25 percent); evaluation
by supervisor(s) (15 percent); and dissertation draft (60 percent) (Table 1). The
details of each segment are listed in Appendix D. Each lecturer will receive an
equal number of draft copies for examination. Any student who totally avoids
meeting his/her supervisor will be get an “X”. The Grading System is based on
that stated in the UMS Prospectus. Any student who gets an “X” or “E” for
Research Projects 1 or 2, will have to repeat the course.
8
Table 1: Marks distribution for the Final Year Project
No. Item Percentage (%) Evaluation by
Research Project 1
1 Evaluation by supervisor(s) 15 Supervisor(s)
2 Presentation 25 Supervisor(s) and
examiner
3 Research Project 1 60 Supervisor(s) and
(Chapters 1, 2, 3) examiner
TOTAL 100
Research Project 2
3 Research Project 2 60 Supervisor(s) and
(final dissertation draft) examiner
4 Viva voce (oral examination) 25 Supervisor(s) and
examiner
5 Evaluation by supervisor(s) 15 Supervisor(s)
TOTAL 100
The Final Year Project will be partially supported by the School. This financial
assistance is for purchase of chemicals and other minor expenses to enable
students to carry out and complete their projects successfully. Students are
required to fill in a form listing the chemicals and other inexpensive consumable
items (e.g seeds) needed for the project. The preparation of this list will be in
consultation with and approval of the supervisor. The supervisor will then submit
the form to the Final Year Project Coordinators.
All students are covered under the Takaful Insurance Coverage Scheme of
Takaful Malaysia Sdn Bhd. In case of an emergency or accident during their
period of study, students are advised to go to the nearest hospital or any UMS
Panel Clinic. Students are also advised to report any emergency or accident to
supervisor(s), coordinators and/or the UMS Counsellor, who can be contacted at
the Department of Student Affairs and Alumni of UMS (telephone number: 088-
320000 ext. 4212).
9
RESPONSIBILITIES OF STUDENTS, SUPERVISORS, COORDINATORS,
AND THE SCHOOL
Students
1) Propose/select title and supervisor(s), meet and discuss with
supervisor(s) and start writing the proposal.
2) Each student should have a log book to keep records of
discussions/results/data/etc.
3) Get relevant materials for literature review from library or any other
source.
4) Present proposal on the date set by coordinators.
5) Should not start the project or data collection before officially registering
for Research Project 1.
6) Conduct and complete the Project as scheduled.
7) Follow all laboratory and field procedures (use of laboratory and field
equipment, laboratory and field safety regulations and practises).
8) Submit drafts from time to time to supervisor(s) for comments and
suggestions.
9) Submit final dissertation drafts to coordinators.
10) Attend oral examination on the date set by coordinators. Each student is
advised to bring a copy of the final draft during the oral examination.
11) Make corrections based on the suggestions and comments by
supervisor(s) and examiners after the oral examination.
12) Submit at least three (3) copies of dark green hardcover bound
dissertations to SSA General Office.
13) Fill in the application form to visit or use other departments, agencies and
libraries.
14) Complete an application form for permission to write the dissertation in
English.
Supervisors
1) Propose research project title.
2) Provide critical and objective review, feedback and guidance to students.
3) Hold regular discussions with each student to monitor the progress.
4) Evaluate the students regarding their initiative, efforts and commitment
to the project.
10
5) Monitor student’s log book.
6) Inform coordinators if a student never shows up for any discussion in a
month.
7) Submit project material requirements for each student to the School’s
Science Officer before registration of Research Project 1.
8) Write to the Dean of SSA to apply for a non-academician to be a co-
supervisor and send a copy to the coordinators.
9) Obtain letters of requests from the school to relevant persons, schools,
departments or agencies for the use of land, green house, laboratory,
expertise, etc.
10) To apply for a plot for Final Year Project.
Coordinators
1) Brief students and supervisors at the initial stage about the Final Year
Project.
2) Coordinate student presentations.
3) Compile marks at the end of each semester.
4) Update the Final Year Project Modus Operandi and Writing Guidelines
whenever necessary.
5) Keep database on all Final Year Project activities.
6) Record and distribute drafts to all examiners.
School
1) Administer and facilitate the smooth implementation of the courses.
11
Appendices
12
Appendix A1: Tentative schedule of Final Year Project (RC/RH/RL 40102 Research Project 1 and RC/RH/RL 40204 Research Project 2)
year 3 4
semester 2 1 2
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
week
No. Activities
3 Correction of proposal x x x x x x x x
6 Field/Lab work x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
7 Data collection x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
8 Data analysis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
9 Writing of chapters 1, 2, 3 x x x x x x x x x x
Submission of Chapters 1, 2, 3 /
10 x
Progress to supervisor
14 Correction x
Action by
No. Activities Milestones
Supervisors Students Coordinators
1. Identify title and discuss with
By end of week 9, Semester 2,
students 1. Prepare title or select title 1. Ensure all students identify titles and
Year 3, all students have
Selection of title and 2. Prepare size of land needed, from lecturer's list select supervisor(s)
1 identified their final year
supervisor(s) equipment to replace or add, 2. Discuss with potential 2. Get the lists from supervisors, compile
project titles and lecturers
chemicals needed, etc. then supervisor(s) and hand over to farm manager
have students to supervise
hand in to coordinators
2 Proposal preparation and writing
3 Correction of proposal
Preparation for proposal
4 presentation (Powerpoint
Format)
Checked by supervisor and
corrected by students
By end of week 2, semester 1,
5 Proposal presentation Prepare schedule for the presentation yr 4, students are ready with
their proposal presentations
6 Field/Lab work
7 Data collection
8 Data analysis
9 Writing of chapters 1, 2, 3 Supervisors will monitor Students will meet and discuss
students under them with supervisor(s) 1. Remind students and lecturers about By end of semester 1 of yr 4,
Submission of Chapters 1, 2, the submission date students already started their
10
3 to supervisor 2. Collect the drafts and distribute among projects and write-up of
lecturers for marking chapters 1-3
11 Writing of dissertation draft
1. Remind students and lectures about By mid semester 2 of yr 4,
Submission of Dissertation the submission date students have finished their
12
drafts 2. Collect the drafts and distribute among experiments and polished their
lecturers for marking dissertations
Students ready with their
13 Viva voce (oral examination)
presentations
14 Correction
Approval by supervisor, co-
15
supervisor(s) & examiner
Submission of dissertations to
Each student will submit the
SSA for binding (Each student Ensure students have submitted final Students completed final
16 final dissertation to SSA General
must submit at least 3 copies to drafts for binding project
Office
SSA General Office)
Appendix B: Proposal Guidelines
Introduction
Should be concise and may include a brief explanation of the field of study, the
importance of such research, contribution to scientific information / socio-
economic importance, historical account, etc.
Justification
Explain the reasons behind the study with some scientific evidence or support.
Try to answer the When, Where, What, Why and How (4W+1H).
Objectives
Identify research questions to develop your objectives.
Hypotheses
Write down the hypotheses based on objective(s) – what you expect from the
study/results.
Literature Review
Provide very detailed research on a variety of topics related to the study in the
context of results / findings of previous studies, methodology and procedures,
species researched (material used as study object), site description, etc.
Methodology
Describe materials, equipments and methods used in field and/or laboratory
procedures. For example, sampling procedures, development of questionnaires,
collection of sample in the field, processing of sample in the field and the
laboratory, experimental designs, type of data collected, analysis used, and
parameters of the study.
Schedule
Provide a realistic Gantt chart or milestone chart to map out the expected
progress.
References
A list of references cited in the proposal.
Appendix C: Application form for writing Dissertation in English
Student’s name :
Student’s No. :
Reason(s) for :
Writing in
English
Student’s Signature :
and date
Approval of
: Approved Not approved
Supervisor*
Supervisor’s additional :
Comments (if any)
Supervisor’s :
Signature & Date
Supervisor’s Stamp :
Dean’s Comments :
Dean’s Signature, :
Date & stamp
Student’s Name :
Student’s No. :
Title :
TOTAL 25
Comments :
Signature :
Name :
Date :
Evaluation Form 2 (Research Project 1: Chapters 1, 2 and 3)
(This contributes 60% to Research Project 1)
Student’s name :
Student’s No. :
Title :
Comments :
Signature :
Name :
Date :
Evaluation Form 3 (Supervisor)
(This contributes 15% to Research Project 1)
Student’s name :
Student’s No. :
Title :
This evaluation form will only be distributed to the supervisor and/or co-supervisor of the
student. The evaluation is based on student initiative and compliance to the project. If
the student never discusses the project with the supervisor, the supervisor
and/or coordinators can fail the student. The average mark will be awarded if the
student has more than one (1) supervisor.
Comments :
Supervisor’s / co-
supervisor’s Signature :
Supervisor’s / co-
supervisor’sName :
Date :
Evaluation Form 4 (Research Project 2: Dissertation writing)
(This contributes 60% to Research Project 2)
Student’s name :
Student’s No. :
Title :
Comments :
Signature :
Name :
Date :
Evaluation Form 5 (Viva Voce)
(This contributes 25% to Research Project 2)
Student’s Name :
Student’s No. :
Title :
TOTAL 25
Comments:
Signature :
Name :
Date :
Evaluation Form 6 (Supervisor)
(This contributes 15% to Research Project 2)
Student’s name :
Student’s No. :
Title :
This evaluation form will only be distributed to the supervisor and/or co-supervisor of the
student. The evaluation is based on student initiative and compliance to the project. If
the student never discusses the project with the supervisor, the supervisor
and/or coordinators can fail the student. The average mark will be awarded if the
student has more than one (1) supervisor.
Comment :
Supervisor’s / co-
supervisor’s Signature :
Supervisor’s / co-
supervisor’s Name :
Date :
Appendix E: Negotiating expectations
Most common problems between supervisor(s) and students are usually due to
miscommunication. One way to overcome these problems is for them to fill in a
similar set of questionnaires (Table E1 and E2) (Phelps et al., 2007) to identify
the differences in expectations. These will help supervisors and students to
understand each others’ expectations better.
Phepls, R., Fisher, K. and Ellis, A. 2007. Organizing and managing your research.
A practical guide for postgraduates. London: Sage Publications
Table E1: Supervisor’s questionnaire for negotiating expectations with Students
Priority
My current supervision style and practice is to (1=low; 5=high)