2 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 3

2. grave accent C) placed over a, e, u: excellent excellent

Helene garage garage
grand big, grand
3. circumflex accent n placed on a, e, i, 0, u:
guide guide
Jerome
hotel hotel
These accents usually indicate the pronunciation of important important
the vowel but in a few cases they distinguish words: journal journal, newspaper
ou or 012 where lettre letter
la the lit there Iigne line
machine machine
B. COGNATES: WORDS SIMILAR IN nation nation
ENGLISH AND FRENCH necessaire necessary
opera opera
Now listen to and repeat the following words which ordinaire ordinary
are similar in English and French. These words are papier paper
descended from the same root and are called "cog- possible possible
nates." Notice how French spelling and pronunciation potentiel potential
differ from English: principal principal
probleme problem
adresse address public public
age age question question
ambitieux ambitious radio radio
americain American restaurant restaurant
banque bank serieux serious
bref brief signal signal
bureau bureau desk; office silence silence
cafe coffee; cafe station station
chef chief suggestion suggestion
cheque check telegramme telegram
cinema cinema, movies telephone telephone
civilisation civilization the tea
condition condition theatre theater
curieux curious train train
democraue democracy visite visit
difference difference
difficulte difficulty
4 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 5

LESSON 2 4. ch is pronounced like the English sh:

A. SPECIAL FRENCH SOUNDS chef chief machine 'machine

1. Final consonants are not pronounced except for 5. j is pronounced like the s in pleasure, measure:
c, r.f, and I (the consonants in CaReFuL):

NOT PRONOUNCED Jean John journal newspaper

moment moment Richard Richard

6. g is like the g in go before a, 0, and u:
serieux serious Jacques Jack

PRONOUNCED garage garage

public public chef chief
-is like the s in pleasure (or French j) before
cher* dear hotel hotel
e or i:
2. e is silent at the end of words of more than one
syllable: general general Georges George
danger danger
telegraphe telegraph adresse address
histoire history • 7. c is pronounced like k before a, o,and u:
3. h is never pronounced:
cafe coffee; cafe condition condition
Henri Henry hotel hotel curieux curious
H, as seen in the examples above, is never pro-
-like s before e or i:
nounced, but in some cases h is aspirated. As-
pirate h is not pronounced, but it prevents both '
certain certain cinema movies
linking (see page 33) and elision (see page' 41).
police police
Some of the most frequently used words with
aspirate hare:
8. gu is like the g in go:
huit eight heros hero
hors appetizer honte shame guide guide
d'oeuvre
9. qu is pronounced k:
*Note that r is not pronounced after e at the end of words of more
than one syllable -. question question

j
6 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 7

10. gn is pronounced like the ni in onion or the ny in -stion is like stee-on:

canyon:
question question
signe sign signal signal suggestion suggestion

11. s between vowels is like English z:

LESSON 3
civilisation civilization visite visit

12. ss between vowels is like English s in see: A. VOWEL SOUNDS

The following groups of words will give you some
possible possible necessaire necessary additional practice in spelling and pronunciation:

13. t is like the English t except in the following 1. The sound a in ah or father:
combinations where it is like s in see: -tion, -tial,
-tiel, -tieux (that is, before 0. madame madam, Mrs. table table
-tion is pronounced as see-on: date date page page

station station condition condition

2. The sound ee in see or i in police but cut off
nation nation
sharply (that is, not drawled):
-tie is like see:
ami friend iI he
ici here facile easy
democratle democracy
v.ie life difficile difficult
-tial is like see-al:
3. The sound 0 as in go but not drawled:
impartial impartial
hotel hotel aussi also
-tiel is like see-el: chose thing eau water
mot word beau beautiful,
potentiel potential pretty
au to the
-tieux is like see-uh:
Notice the various French spellings for this
ambitieux ambitious sound: 0, au, eau.
8 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 9

4. The sound e in get but not drawled: 9. The sound spelled u in French. There is no sim-
ilar sound in English. To make it, round the lips
elle she pere father as though to pronounce 0 in go and without
iI est he is j'ai I have moving them sayee (that is, it is an ee sound
tres very raison reason pronounced with the lips rounded and slightly
scene scene protruded). Listen carefully:

Notice the various French spellings for this tu you (familiar) minute minute
sound: e, e, ai. du of the utile useful
rue street su known
5. The sound ay in day but not drawled:
donner to give
vue
plume
view, sight
pen'
lu read \
cafe coffee, cafe
telephone telephone Donnez! Give!
cinema cinema, movies 10. The sound spelled eu. The nearest sound in
English is the vowel in burn. You can make the
Notice the various spellings for this sound.e, the French sound by saying the u in burn with your
ending -er in words of more than one syllable lips rounded and slightly protruded. Listen care-
and the ending -ez. fully:

6. The sound 0 in north but shorter and more

deux two auteur author
rounded: peuple people mieux better
ordre order neuf nine seeur sister
note note
homme man Donnez! Give! jeune young boeuf beef
force force
Notice that this sound is spelled two ways: eu
7. The sound ou as in group but not drawled: and (EU.

ou or jour day
pour for 11. The sound spelled oi ("wah"):
oil where
nous we toujours always
moi me voila there is,
8. The sound u in burn: there are
trois three avoir to have
Ie the cela that trois fois three times histoire story
de of ceci this voici here is,
je I petit small there are
10 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 11

12. The sound spelled ui: d. Words with un, um:

lui .to him, her je suis I am un one quelqu'un somebody

huit eight aujourd'hui today lundi ,Monday humble humble

13. au before a vowel sounds like the w in west:

oui yes Louis Louis

ouest west Edouard Edward
LESSON 4
14. Thenasal vowels. Certain vowels when followed
by n (in a few cases m) are pronounced through A. SPECIAL CONSONANT SOUNDS
the nose. The n or m is not pronounced, though.
Listen to the following examples: 1. The sound y in yes (spelled y, -i-, -ail-, -eil-, -eill,
. -ill-, etc.):
a. Words with an, en, am, em:
.les yeux the eyes soleil sun
an year en in voyage voyage meilleur better
dans ill enveloppe envelope papier paper billet ticket
.ample ample accent accent mieux better fiUe daughter
France France temps time travail work famille family

2. The sound sh (spelled ch in French):

b. Words with in, im, ain, aim, ien, oin:
cher dear chose thing
chemin road americain American
cher- to look riche rich
simple simple faim hunger
cher for
important important bien well
train train combien how much
3. The sound of s in pleasure:
coin corner
joli 'pretty age age
c. Words with on, am: jour day rouge red
deja already origine origin
bon good savon soap
mon my long long Notice that this sound is spelled with both j and
garcon boy, waiter bombe bomb g (g only before e and i).
 12. FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 13

4. The ni in onion or the ny in canyon (spelled gn B. THE FRENCH ALPHABET

in French):
LETTER' NAME LETTER NAME LETTER NAME
Iigne line signal signal a a j ji s esse
signe sign espagnol Spanish b be k ka t Ie
Espagne Spain oignon onion c ce I elle u u
d de m emme v ve
5. Notice that the r sounds something like a gargle: e e n enne w double
f effe 0 0 ve
rouge red par by g ge p pe x iks
frere brother parler to speak h ache q ku y i grec
i r erre z zede
Notice that the final r is pronounced in words of
"I one syllable but not in words of more than one
syllable (there are a few exceptions, which. will.
be treated later):
, LESSON 5
,I
par by
But- A. MORE ENGLISH-FRENCH COGNATES
parler to speak
1. Building up a French vocabulary is fairly.easy
sea because, as you already see, a great number of
mer
But- words are similar in French and English. Many
words are spelled exactly the same, though they
aimer to love
may differ considerably in pronunciation:
6. Notice the pronunciation of -re at the end of a
word: art art police police
date date cause cause
lettre letter livre book exact exact. effort effort
nombre number quatre four place place force force
message message . second second
7. Notice the pronunciation -le at the end of a word: passage passage excuse excuse
village village source SOUrce
table table simple simple central central capable capable
peuple people original original . probable probable
;
14 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 15

chance chance possible. possible blonde blond poste post

distance distance terrible terrible capitate capital rap ide rapid
intelligence intelligence visible visible charme charin riche rich
patience patience double double classe class sorte sort
science science action action forme form soupe soup
certain certain conversa- conversa- groupe group terme term
tion tion liste list verbe verb
point point .description description
direct direct direction direction 4. In some cases there are other slight differences: .
respect respect exception exception adresse address probleme problem
article article instruction instruction
immediat immediate materiel material
automobile automobile intention intention lac lake ouest west
fruit fruit satisfac- satisfac- parc park appetit appetite
tion tion rasoir razor chapitre chapter
justice justice situation situation' sens sense medecine medicine
agreable agreeable signe sign
2. There are many words spelled exactly the same confortable comfortable, ligne line
except that the French word has an accent: desagreable disagreeable coton cotton
remar- remarkable . [aeon fashion
education education difference difference quable nord north
general general experience experience language language oncle uncle
special special .extreme extreme mariage marriage raison reason
grace grace privilege privilege cercle circle saison season
preface preface sincere sincere idee- -idea systeme system
element element region. region riviere river personne person
evident evident emotion emotion circon- circum- commun common
present present revolution revolution stance stance numero number
president president zero zero exemple example sud south
recent recent developpe- develop- peuple people
ment ment diction- diction-
3. In many cases the word is similar except that the gouverne- govern- naire ary
French word ends in -e: ment ment maniere manner
capitaine captain membre member
acte act methode method complet complete nombre number
affaire affair moderne modem creme cream ordre order
aide aid origine origin enveloppe envelope est east
 16 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 17

. B. GENERAL SPELLING EQUIVALENTS 7. French -ique = English ictal):

1. French -e = English -y: comique comic(al) musique musical

critique critic politique political
beaute beauty realite reality logique logical pratique practical
necessite necessity societe society
qua lite - quality universite university 8. French. -ment = English -ly:
quantite quantity
absolument absolutely certainement certainly
2. French -ie = English -y: naiurellement naturally

comedie comedy industrie industry 9. French -aire = English ary:

copie copy philosophic philosophy
anniversaire anniversary militaire military
3. French -tie = English -cy: contraire contrary secretaire secretary

democratie democracy diplomatie .diplomacy 10. French -e = English ed:

4. French -nce = English -ncy: arrange arranged decourage discour-

aged
tendance tendency sacre sacred

5. French -eur = English -or (-er): 11. French -es = English -ess:

acteur actor inferieur inferior progres progress succes success

conducteur conductor moteur motor
directeur director porteur porter 12. French -eux = English -ous:
docteur doctor superieur superior
erreur error visiteur visitor curieux curious merveilleux marvelous
faveur favor , dangereux dangerous precieux precious
fameux famous
. 6. F;rench -oire = English -ory:
13. French -iste = English -ist:
gloire glory territoire territory
histoire history victoire victory artiste artist journaliste journalist
memoire . memory dentiste dentist pianiste pianist
 18 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 19

14. French -et = English -ect: vendredi Friday aout August·

samedi Saturday septembre September
effet effect projet project dimanche Sunday octobre October
objet object sujet subject janvier January novembre November
fevrier February decembre December
15. French n = English s: mars March
avril April
cote coast hopital hospital mai May
cotaer to cost hote host juin June
fete feast interet interest juillet July
foret forest maitre master

16. French e- = English initial s-: .

,
B. NUMBERS 1-10 .
ecole school etudiant student
un one six six
etrange strange etudier to study
deux two sept seven
trois three buit eight
17. French es- = English initial s-:
quatre four neuf nine
cinq five dix ten.
espace space esprit spirit
Espagne Spain estomac stomach
espagnol Spanish _
c. COLORS
bleu blue noir black
LESSON 6 rouge red brun brown (hair)
jaune yellow marron brown (chestnut
color)
A. DAYS AND MONTHS
gris
vert green gray
blanc white
-, lundi' Monday mercredi Wednesday
mardi Tuesday jeudi Thursday

D. NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST

I Notice that when you give the days of the week in French you
begin with Monday. Notice also that days and months are not nord North est East
capitalized. . sud South ouest West
 20 FRENCH COURSEBOOK . FRENCH COURSEBOOK 21

QUIZ I Ie parent parent

Try matching the following two columns: royal royal

1. dimanche a. Thursday
2. aota b. brown
3. mercredi c. ten - LESSON 7
4. gris d. Sunday
5. jeudi e. red A. GREETINGS
6. neuf f. August
7. marron g. Monday Bonjour. Hello! Good morning.
,8. huit h. July Good afternoon.
9. juillet i. five ("Good day.")!
10. jaune j. white Monsieur Mr.
11. rouge k. gray Monsieur Lenoir Mr. Lenoir
12. lundi 1. nine Bonjour, Monsieur Good morning (Good
13. cinq m. Wednesday Lenoir. afternoon), Mr.
14. blanc n. yellow Lenoir.
15. dix o. eight Bonsoir. Good evening.
Madame Madam
ANSWERS Madame Lenoir Mrs. Lenoir
I-d; 2-f; 3-m; 4-k; 5-a; 6"':"""1;
7-b; 8-0; Bonsoir, Madame Good evening, Mrs.
9-h; lO-n; 11-e; 12-g; 13-i; 14-j; 15--;-c. Lenoir. , Lenoir.
bonne good.
nuit night
Bonne nuit, Madame Good night, Mrs.
E. WORD STUDY Lenoir. Lenoir.
The Word Study sections point out words that are sim- comment how
ilar in French and English. allez-vous are you ("do you go";
pol.)2
Ie char me charm Comment allez-vous? How are you? How do
, la c1asse class you do (po!.)?
considerable considerable
la difference difference IWords in parentheses and quotation marks are literal translati~ns,
I'element (m.) element 2Throughout this program, pol. stands for polite, to indicate the
la gloire glory polite or formal form, and Jam. indicates the familiar form. See page
I'operation (f) operation 84 for more information"

-~~-.~~"""".--~-----~~-~------'II""""---------~~~~_____ _ _.J
24 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 25

II fait froid. It's cold.

II fait frais. It's cool.
LESSONS
II fait chaud. It's hot.
II fait beau •. It's nice. A. Do You HAVE ... ? .
II fait du vent. It's windy.
II fait du soleil. It's sunny.
Avez-vous ... -? Do you have (po!.)?
n pleut. It's raining.
As-tu ... ? Do you have (Jam.)?
II neige. It's snowing.
de I'eau some water
des cigarettes some (any) cigarettes
du feu a light
QUIZ 2 des allumettes some matches
du savon some soap
1. tres. bien a. speak du papier some paper
2. bonsoir b. how
3. parlez c. much, a lot
4. merci d. see you tomorrow -Notice that "some" or "any" is translated by de "of"
(until tomorrow) (other forms of de are du, des, d'; see page 45) and .
5. comment e. How are you? that in many cases French uses de (for example, du
6. s'il vous plait f. very well feu) where we don't use "some" or "any" in English.
7. beaucoup g. slowly See Lesson 14 for more on the verb To Have.
8. a demain h. thank you
9. Comment allez- i. please
vous? B. IN A RESTAURANT
10. lentement j. good evening
11. Quel temps fait-il? k. It's raining.
12. Ilfait chaud. 1. You're welcome. Ie petit dejeuner breakfast
13. Je vous en prie. m. How are things? Ie dejeuner lunch
14. Il pleut. n. What's the weather Ie diner dinner, supper
like? • Vous desirez ... ? What will you have?
15. Comment fa va? o. It's hot. ("You wish ... ?")
Bonjour, Monsieur', Good afternoon. What
vous desirez ? would you like?
Donnez-moi . Give me ...
ANSWERS
I-f; 2-j; 3-a; 4-h; 5-b;6-i; 7-c; 8-d; 9-e;
I In French you add Monsieur (Madame, Mademoiselle) when
10-g; l1-n; 12-0; 13-1; 14-k; I5-m. addressing a stranger. .
 28 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 29

LESSON 9 NOTES
a. The subject pronouns are:
Thislesson and several of the following lessons are
longer than the others. They contain the grammatical je I nous we
and phonetic information you need to know from the tu you (Jam. sing.) vous you (pl. or pol. -
start. Don't try to memorize anything. Read each see- sing. or pl.)
tion until you understand every point. As you continue if he, it il~ they (masc.)
, with the course try to observe examples of the points elle, . she, it elles they (fern.)
mentioned. Refer back to these grammatical sections on one
(or the Summary of French Grammar) as often as !}ec-
essary. You will find that you have a good grasp of the
basic features of French grammar without any delib- b. Notice the verb endings taken by each subject:
erate memorization of "rules."
je -e nous -ons
tu -es vous -ez
il, elle, on -e ils, elles -ent

A. To GIVE: DONNER c. These forms, which make up the present tense,

translate into English as "I give," "I'm giving" and
1. I give
"I do give." Donner is considered an -er verb since
its infinitive ends in -er. Many other verbs ending
je donne I give, I'm giving
in -er have the same forms in the present tense.
tu donnes you (fam. sing.) give, you are
They are called "regular -er verbs,"!
giving
iI donne he gives, he's giving; it gives d. Tu is used with people you know well (whom you
elle donne, she gives, she's giving; it gives call by first name in English-members of one's
on donne one gives, one is giving; they family and close friends) and to children, pets, etc.
(people) give, they (people) Vous is used with several people or with someone
are giving you don't know very well (whom you wouldn't
nous donnons we give, we're giving call by first name in English). The tu form is called
vous donnez you give, you're giving (pl. or the "familiar" form, the vous form the "polite" or
pol. sing. or pl.) "formal."
ils donnent they give, they're giving
(masc.) I See Lesson 40, item A, for a comparison of all French verbs: -er,
elles donnent they give, they're giving (fern.) -ir, and ore verbs.
30 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 31

e. Il donne means "he gives'" or "it gives." "They give" Ne donne pas! Don't give! (Jam.)
is translated ils donnent when referring to men (or to Ne donnez Don't give! (pol.)
masculine nouns) or mixed groups, and elles donnent pas!
when referring to women (or to feminine nouns). . This form of the verb which is used in com-
f. On donne means "one gives." It can be translated mands and requests is called the "imperative."
several ways in English: "they give," "people give,"
"it's given," etc.
g. Notice that as far as the sound is concerned there B. To SPEAK: PARLER
are only three endings: .
Parler is another common regular -er verb.
1) je donne }
tu donnes
il donne . all pronounced donn 1. I speak
on donne whether spelled donne,
ils donnent donnes or donnent je parle I speak, I'm speaking
2) nous donn-ons tu paries you speak, you're speak-
3) vous donn-ez ing (Jam.)
2. I don't give il parle' he speaks, he's speaking
Notice that "not" is ne '... pas. The verb comes nous parlons we speak, we're speaking
between ne and pas. vous parlez you speak, you're speak-
ing
1
je donne I give ils parlent they speak, they're speak-
je ne donne pas I don't give ing
tu ne donnes pas you don't give (Jam.)
il ne donne pas he doesn't give
nous ne donnons pas we don't give 2. Speak!
vous ne donnez pas you don't give
ils ne donnent pas they don't give Par1e! Speak! (Jam.)
Parlez! Speak! (pol.)
3. Give!

Donne! Give! (the familiar form; com-

pare tu donnes above)
Donnez! Give! (the polite form; compare
I II will represent the third-person singular forms (il, elle, 011) and ils
vous donnez above) will represent the third-person plural forms (ils, elles).
p

FRENCH COURSEBOOK' 33
32 FRENCH COURS'EBOOK

Est-ce que vous don- Do you give?

c. ASKING A QUESTION I nez?
1. To ask a question, you reverse the order of sub- Est-ce qu'ils donnent? Do they give?
ject pronoun and verb: Est-ce que je ne Don't I give?
donne pas?
Est-ce que tu ne Don't you (Jam.) give?
Vous donnez. You give. You're giving.
donnes pas?
Donnez-vous? Do you give? Are you
Est-ce qu'il ne donne Doesn't he give?
giving?
pas?
Donnes-tu?' Do you give (Jam.)?
Est-ce que nous ne Don't we give?
Donne-t-ilf" Does he give?
donnons pas?
Donne-t-elle? Does she give?
Est-ce que vous ne Don't you give?
Donnons-nous? Do we give?
donnez pas?
Donnez-vous? Do you give?
Est-ce qu'ils ne Don't they give?
Donnent-ils? Do they give?
donnent pas?
Ne donne-t-on pas? Doesn't one give?
Ne donnez-vous pas? Don't you give?
-Ne donnent-ils pas? Don't they give?
Yes. 3. Study these phrases:
.Dui,
Non. No.
Parlez-vous francais? Do you speak French?
Parles-tu francais? Do you speak French?
2. Another way of asking a question is to put Est- Parle-t-elle anglais? Does she speak En-
ce que' before the statement: glish?
Parlent-ils anglais? Do they speak English?
Est-ce que je donne? Do I give? Am I giving? Donne-t-il de l'ar- . Does he give money?
Est-ce que tu donnes? Do you (Jam.) give? Are gent?
you giving? Donnez-vous de l'ar- Do you give money?
Est-ce qu'il donne? Does he give? gent?
Est-ce "que nous don- Do we give? Donne-t-elle son Is she giving her ad-
nons? adresse? dress?

1 The form Donne-je? "Do I give?" is not used; Est-ce que je

donne? is used instead (see above). D. LINKING SOUNDS: LIAISON
2 In the third-person singular forms, -er verbs take a t before the
subject pronoun. ' r. In French, when words are closely connected
3Notice that this form of asking questions with Est-ce que is not
grammaticall~ they are also closely connected in
used often today in spoken French, except with je.
34 FRENCH COURSEBOOK
FRENCH COURSEBOOK
35
pronunciation. If the first word ends in a conso-
nant and the second begins with a vowel, the 3.. Listen for the liaison in these examples:
consonant is carried over and begins the second
nest ... He is ...
word. This is called liaison, or "linking." In t~e Est-i1?
following example, the dash shows that the n IS Is he?
Est-elJe? -Is she?
carried over to the next word: ns sont.
They are.
Sont-i1s?
un exemple: Are they (masc.)?
Sont-elles?
Are they (fem.)?
C'est ... It is ...
u-nexemple an example C'est it moi. It's mine.
C'est ici, It's here.
Nous avons. We have.
Vous avez. You have.
2. There are many cases in which the first word ns ont.
. ends in a consonant which is not pronounced They have.
Les amis. The friends.
when the word is used by itself or before a word
Deux am is. Two friends.
beginning with a consonant (vous pronounced
Les eU~ves. The pupils.
vou) but which is pronounced when the follow-
Pas encore. Not yet._
ing word begins with a vowel or h (vous avez
Tres interessant. Very interesting.
pronounced vou-zavez). When this liaison takes
Apres une heure. After an hour.
place;
Venez ici.
s is pronounced z: vous avez (vou-zavez) you Come here.
Allez-y.
have Go there.
Un petit enfant. A small child.
les amis (lay-zamis) the
Un grand enfant. A big child.
friends. Je suis ici.
x is pronounced z: aux Etats-Unis (~u-zEtat- I'm here.
ns sont alles. They went.
zUnis) to the Uruted
Chez eux.
States At their home.
Sans interet. Without interest.
deux a",nis(deu-zamis)
two friends
d is pronounced t: .un grand enfant (un gran- Remember that words beginning with an aspirate h
tenfant) a big child do not have liaison: .
un grand homme (un
gran-tomme) a great
Ie hors d'oeuvre the appetizer
(important) man deux heros two heroes
36 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCRCOURSEBOOK 37

REVIEW QUIZ 1 17. We are speaking = 19. Do you give? =

Choose the correct French word equivalent to the a. nous parlons a. Donnez-vous?
English. b. vous parlez b. Donne-t-il?
c. nous donnons c. Donne-t-on?
1. Five = 9. Black = 18. I don't give = 20. Do I give? =
a. six a. noir a. il ne donne pas a. Est-ce que vous
b. sept b. marron- donnez?
c. cinq c. blanc b. je donne b. Est-ce que je donne?
2. Eight = 10. Brown = c. je ne donne pas c. Est-ce qu'il donne?
a. huit a. noir
b. neuf b. rouge ANSWERS
c. quatre c. brun 1-c; 2-a; 3-b; 4-a; 5-a; 6-b; 7-c; 8-b;
3. Tuesday = 11. Good morning = 9-a; lO-c; ll-a; 12-b; 13-b; 14-c; 15-b;
a. mercredi a. bonjour 16-a; 17-a; 18-c; 19-a; 20-b.
b. mardi b. bonsoir
c: vendredi c. comment
. 4. Sunday = . 12. Very well =
a. dimanche a. merci
b. tres bien
b. samedi LESSON 10
c. lundi c. tres
5. August = 13. Thank you =
a. bien
A. WHERE?
a. aoia
b. septembre b. merci Pardon, monsieur. Excuse me, sir.
c. avril c. tres oil where
-6. June = 14. Please = est is
a. juillet a. parlez Oil est-it? Where is it (he)?
b. juin b. merci l'hOtel the hotel
c. mai c. s'il vous plait Oil est l'hOtel? Where is the hotel?
7. Red = 15. Good-bye = Oil est Ie restaurant? Where is the restau-
a. bleu a. a demain rant?
b. orange b. au revoir Oil est Ie telephone? Where is the tele-
c. rouge c. bonjour phone?
8. Green = 16. He gives = Pouvez-vous me Can you tell me ...
a. jaune a. il donne dire ...
b. vert b. elle donne .Pouvez-vous me dire Can you tell me where
c. gris c. ils donnent oil est Ie telephone? the telephone is?
38 FRENCH COURSEBOOK • FRENCH COURSEBOOK 39

Pouvez-vous me dire Can you tell me where- Veneziei. Come here.

on est la gare? the (railroad) station Restez iei. Stay here.
is? Attendez la. Wait there.
Allez par iei. Go this way.
Oi; est is the simplest way of saying "Where is" but Allez par la, Go that way.
it is more idiomatic to say: Oic se trouve _.. ("Where Qui est la? Who's there?
does it find itself ... ?") Mettez-Ie iei. Put it here.
Mettez-Ie la, Put it there.
On se trouve I'hOtel? Where is the hotel?
("Where does the
hotel find itself?") C. To THE RIGHT, ETC.
Pouvez-vous me dire Can you tell me where A droite. To the right.
on se trouve la the post office is? A gauche. To the left.
poste? - A votre droite. To your right.
Pouvez-vous me dire Can you tell me where A votre gauche. To your left.
on se trouve Ie tele- the telephone is? Sur votre gauche. On your left.
~ phone? C'est a droite. It's to the right.
C'est a gauche. It's to the left.
Tournez a droite. Turn right.
B. HERE AND THERE Tournez a gauche. -Turn left.
lei. Here. Continuez tout droit. Keep straight on.
La. There. C'est tout droit. It's straight ahead.
La-bas, Over there. C'est tout droit It's straight ahead of
Par on est-ce? Which way is it? devant vous.· you.
Par iei. This way. Allez tout droit. Go straight ahead.
Par la, That way. C'est en face. It's directly opposite.
Par la-bas, Over that way. C'est en haut. It's above.
C'est par iei. It's this way. C'est en bas. It's below.
C'est par la-bas, It's over that way. C'est au coin. It's on the comer.
C'est iei. It's here.
Ce n'est pas iei•. It's not here.
C'est la. It's there.
D. NEAR AND FAR
Ce n'est pas la. It's not there. Pres. Near.
C'est la-haut, It's up there. Pres d'iei. Near here.
nest iei. He's here. Tout pres. Very near. Quite close.
40 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 41

Pres du village. Near the village. 6. r, demeure. f. Can you tell me

Pres de la route. Near the road. where the telephone
Pres de lui. Near him. is?
C'est tout pres. It's very near. 7. Attendez la. g. Where is the hotel?
C'est tout pres d'Ici, It's very near here. ("Where does the
Loin. Far. hotel find itself?")
C'est loin? } 8. Allez par ici. h. I live here.
Is it far?
Est-ce loin? 9. Tournez a gauche. i. It's not here.
C'est loin. It's far. 10. C' est enlace. j. Stay here.
Ce n'est pas loin. It's not far. 11. Ce n' est pas loin. k. Wait there.
C'est loin d'ici. It's far from here. 12. Mettez-le la. 1. Go this way.
13. Ce n' est pas ici. m. Who's there?
14. Restez ici. n. Put it there.
E. THERE
15. Qui est la? o. .It's not far.
Y. There. To there.
Est-il a Paris? Is he in Paris? ANSWERS
Qui, iI y est. Yes, he is (there). I-f; 2-g; 3-a; 4-e; 5-b; 6-h; 7-k; 8-1;
Paul, est-ilia? Is Paul there? 9-c; 10-d; 11-0; 12-n; 13-i; 14--j; 15-m.
Qui, il y est. Yes, he's there.
Va-t-il a Paris? Is he going to Paris?
Qui, il y va. Yes, he's going there.
I'm going there.
J'y vais.
Je ne veux pas y aIIer. I don't want to go there.
LESSON 11
J'y demeure. I live there.
A. THE AND A; ELISION
QUIZ 4 1. le, la, les "the."

1. Pouvez-vous me a. It's this way. Je donne Ie livre a un I give (I'm giving) the
dire ou est le enfant. book to a child.
telephone? IIdonne la lettre a He gives (he's giving)
2. Ou se trouve b. It's to the right. une femme. the letter to a woman.
l' hotel? Nous donnons les We give (we're giving)
3. C' est par ici. c. Turn left. livres a un garcon, the books to a boy.
4. C' est tout droit. d. It's (directly) oppo- Vous donnez les You give (you're giv-
site. lettres a ma tille. ing) the letters to my
5. C' est a droite. e. It's straight ahead. daughter.
 FRENCH COU.R SEB OOK 43
42 FRENCH COURSEBOOK'

Notice that the book is le livre, the letter is la let- Words beginning with an aspirate h do not elide:
tre. Nouns that take le are called "masculine,"
nouns that take la are called "feminine." In the Ie haricot the bean Ie hors the appetizer
plural, however, both take les: . d'oeuvre
Ie heros the hero la haine the hatred
les livres the books
les lettres the letters

2. un, une "a,"

B. MASCULINE AND FEMININE
Nouns that take le (masculine nouns) take un: un ami de Jean John's friend ("a
friend of John")
un livre a book une amie de Jean John's (girl) friend
un garcon a boy
Notice that e is often added to a masculine word
Nouns that take la ,feminine nouns) take une:.
to make it feminine:

une lettre a letter

un ami une amie
unefemme a woman
_3. Ie, la before vowels and h This rule applies to both nouns and adjectives
describing females or feminine nouns (see C.):
Je parle a I'ami de I'm talking to John's
Jean. friend: MASCULINE FEMININE

II donne la lettre a He gives (he's giving) grand big- grande big

l'amie de Jeanne. the letter to Jean's petit small petite small
girlfriend. fatigue tired fatiguee tired
Nous entrons dans We are going into the etudiant male student etudiante female student
I'hotel. hotel. client customer cliente woman customer
Je marche sur I'm walking on the
I'herbe. grass.
C. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
Notice that when le or la comes before a vowel
or a mute h it becomes l'. This is called elision. 1. Adjectives usually follow the noun they modify:

un livre francais a French book

l'ami the friend
I'homme the man un homme interessant an interesting man
I'heure the hour une idee excellente an excellent idea
44 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK· 45

2. A number of common adjectives, however, usu- E. WORD STUDY

ally precede the noun':
comedie comedy nord north
autre other jeune young constant constant onele uncle
beau beautiful joli pretty contraire contrary organe organ
bon good long long desir desire poste post
court short mauvais bad long long simple simple
gentil nice, pleasant nouveau new
grand great, large, tall petit small, little
gros big vieux old

D. PLURAL
LESSON 12
1. The plural of most nouns ends in -s: A. 'OF AND To
Ie livre the book les Iivres the books OF
la lettre the letter les lettres the letters
1. de "of"
Since the s is not pronounced there is no difference
in speech between livre "book" and livres "books."
The difference between singular and plural is la lettre de mon ami my friend's letter (the
clear, however, as soon as you add le or les: letter of my friend)
le livre de Jean John's book
Ie livre the book les livres the books les livres de I' eleve the pupil's books

2. The plural of most adjectives ends in -s: 2. de la "of the" (fem.)

je suis pret I'm ready la lettre de la jeune fille the girl's letter
die est prete she's ready Donnez-moi de la viande. Give me some meat.
nous sommes prets we're ready
elles sont pretes they're ready 3. de l' "of the" (before vowels and mute h)
elles sont fatiguees they're tired
le livre de l' ami the friend's book
I See Feminine of Adjectives in the Summary of French Grammar
l' entree de l' hotel the hotel's entrance
for the feminine forms of these and other adjectives; some are Donnez-moi de l' argent. Give me some money.
irregular. Donnez-moi de l' eau. Give me some water.
46 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 47

Notice that de is used in some cases where in Mon ami porte cette My friend carries this
English we use the possessive (John's book) and valise a la gare. valise to the station.
in other cases where we use the word "some"
(Give me some water). 3. a l' "to the" (before, a vowel or mute h)

Donnez-Ia a l'enfant. Give it to the child.

4. du "of the" (masc.)
Je donne la lettre a I give (I'm giving) the
Notice that de + le = duo
l' ami de Jean. letter to John's
the father's book friend.
le livre du pere
le livre du garcon the boy's book Il va a l' hopital. He's going to the hos-
pital.
4: au "to the" (masc.)
5. des "of the" (pl.) Notice that a + le = au.
Notice that de + les = des.
Je donne la lettre au I give (I'm giving) the
les rues des villes the streets of the pere. letter to the father.
towns J e vais au theatre. I'm going to the
les livres des eleves the pupils' books (the theater.
books of the Il va au cinema. He's going to the
pupils) movies .
Donnez-moi des . Give me some
pommes de terre. potatoes. 5. aux "to the" (pI.) Notice that a + les = aux.

Il donne de l' argent He gives money to the

TO aux pauvres. poor.
Je vais aux concerts de I'm going to the sym-
l' orchestre sympho- phony concerts.
1. a "to" nique.

Je vais a Paris. I'm going to Paris.

2. a la "to the" (fem.)

B. WORD STUDY
Je donne la lettre a la I give (I'm giving) the la chaine chain la creme cream
mere. letter to the mother. complet complete Ie desert desert
48 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 49

eternel eternal I'officier officer it n'est pas he is not

la fontaine fountain (m.) nons ne sommes pas we are not
la lettre letter Ie systeme system vous n'etes pas you are not
its ne sont pas they are not

3. Be!
c. To B~_OR Nor TO BE: ETRE
About 4,000 to 4,500.verbs in common use have the Soyez! Be!
forms given for donner. and parler (the "regular -er Soyez tranquille. Be quiet. Don't worry.
verbs"). Among some of the verbs that do not follow Sois tranquille! Be quiet! (fam.)
this pattern (the "irregular verbs"), there are some Sois a I'heure! Be on time!
extremely common ones, such as:
4. Study these examples:
etre to be,.
avoir tohave - Je suis americam, I'm (masc.) American.
aller to go Je suis a l'hOtel. I'm at the hotel.
venir to come II est ici. He's here.
faire to do . Elle est u. She's there.
dire to say lis sont ici. They're (masc.) here.
Elles sont la-bas, They're (fern.) over
You will learn the forms for these verbs in later there.
lessons. Let's begin with "to be."
Je.suis pret. I'm ready.
l. I am Elle est prete. She's ready.
lis sont prets. They're (masc.) ready.
je suis lam Elles sont pretes. They're (fern.) ready.
tu es you are (fam.)
it est he is La lettre est longue. The letter is long.
nous sommes we are La maison n'est pas The house is not big.
vous etes you are (pi.) grande.
its sont they are Le garcon est content. The boy is happy,
Les Iivres ne sont pas The books are not in-
2. I am not interessants, teresting.

je ne suis pas I am not II est fatigue. He's tired.

tu n'es pas you are not Elle est fatiguee, She's tired.
50 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 51

Elle est crevee, She's tired ("dead Etes-vous certaines, Are you certain? (to
tired") (Jam.). Mesdames? several married
Quelle heure est-il? What time is it? women)
D'oil etes-vous? Where are you from? Etes-vous certaines, Are you certain? (to
-Je suis de Paris. I'm from Paris. Mesdemoiselles? several unmarried
women)
Etes-vous anglais? Are you English?
5. Am I? Are you? Oui, je suis anglais. Yes, I'm English.
Oui, je Ie suis. Yes, I am. (Note that
in French you add Ie
suis-je? or } "it.")
est-ce que je suis? AmI?
Non, je ne suis pas No, I'm not English.
anglais.
Es-tu? Are you? Non, je ne Ie suis pas. No, I'm not.
Est-il? Is he?
Sommes-nous? Are we?
Etes-vous? Are you?
Sont-ils? Are they (masc.)? D. MY, YOUR, HIs (POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES)
6. Study these examples:
Oil est mon livre? Where is my book?
Oil est ton livre? Where is your (Jam.)
Oil es-tu? Where are you? book?
Oil est-elle? Where is she? Oil est son livre? Where is his (her)
Oil sommes-nous? Where are we? book?
Oil sont-ils? Where are they Oil est notre livre? Where is our book?
(masc.)? Oil est votre livre? Where is your (pol. or
Etes-vous certain, Are you certain, sir? plu.) book?
Monsieur? Oil est leur livre? Where is their book?
Etes-vous certaine, Are you certain, Oil est ma lettre? Where is my letter?
Madame? madam? Oil est ta lettre? Where is your (Jam.)
Etes-vous certaine, Are you certain, miss? letter?
Mademoiselle? Oil est sa lettre? Where is his (her)
Etes-vous certains, Are you certain, gentle- letter?
Messieurs? men? Oil est notre lettre? Where is our letter?
52 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 53

Oil est votre lettre? Where is your (pol.) o u rz 5

letter?
Oil est leur lettre? Where is their letter?
Oil sont mes livres? Where are my books?
Oil sont tes livres? Where are your (Jam.)
books?
Oil sont ses livres? Where are his (her)
books?
Oil sont nos livres? Where are our books?
Oil sont vos livres? Where are your (pol. or
plu.) books?
Oil sont leurs Hvres? Where are their books?
Oil sont mes lettres? Where are my letters?
Oil sont tes lettres? Where are your (Jam.)
letters?
Oil sont ses lettres? Where are his (her)
letters?
Oil sont nos lettres? Where are our letters?
Oil sont vos lettres? Where are your (pol. or
plu.) letters?
Oil sont leurs lettres? Where are their
letters?
1. D' oil etes-vous? a. What time is it?
2. Quelle heure est- b. Where are you
il? from?
3. II est ici. c. Where is he?
4. Je suis pret. d. Where is his letter?
5. Etes-vous certain? e. They are ready.
6. Oil est-il? f. I'm tired.
7. Oil est sa lettre? g. I'm ready.
8. Je suis fatigue. h. I'm at the hotel.
9. Elles sont pretes. i. Are you certain?
10. Soyez tranquille. j. He's here.
11. Je suis a l' hotel. k. I'm (an) American.
12. Je suis americain. 1. Don't worry.
13. Je ne suis pas a m. I'm from Paris.
Bordeaux.
14. Nous sommes. n. I'm not in Bordeaux.
15. Je suis de Paris. o. We are.
ANSWERS
I--b;2--a;3--j;4--g;5--i;6--c;7--d;8~~9--e;
10--1; ll--h; 12--k; 13--n; 14--0; 15--m.

Notice that my, your, his, etc., is mon, ton, son,

before masculine nouns and ma, ta, sa before femi-
nine nouns, but that in the plural the same form (mes,
tes, ses) is used before both masculine and feminine
nouns. Notice also that these possessive adjectives
LESSON 13
agree in gender with the following noun rather than
with the possessor: In Oil est sa lettre? "Where is his A. IT Is
letter?" sa is feminine because lettre is feminine C'est bon. It's good.
(even though "his" refers to a man). Refer to pages Ce n'est pas bon. It's no good.
313-314 in the Summary of French Grammar for C'est bien. It's (that's) all right.
more information. ("It's weH.")
54 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 55

Ce n'est pas bien. It's not very good .a. Reverse the order of subject and verb.
(nice). It's not right b. Est-ce que ... Use before the regular word
(fair). order. Today, Est-ce que ... is not used very
C'est mal. It's bad. often in conversational French. (Therefore,
Ce n'est pas mal. It's not bad. the third sentence below appears as C' est
C'est petit. It's small. cela? as opposed to Est-ce que c' est cela?
C'est grand. It's big. and Il est ici? appears instead of Est-ce qu'il
Ce n'est rien. It's nothing. est ici?, etc.)
C'est difficile. It's hard (difficult).
C'est facile. It's easy. c. Use the regular word order with the question
C'est tres facile. It's very easy. intonation (that is, with the pitch of the voice
C'est assez facile. It's easy enough. raised at the end of the sentence).
C'est plus facile. It's easier.
C'est moins difficile. It's less difficult. Est-ce cela? Is it that?
C'est loin. It's far. C'est cela? Is it that?

r
Ce n'est pas tres loin. It's not very far. II est lei.' He's here.
C'est pres d'ici. It's near here..
C'est peu. It's (a) little. Est-il iei? Is he here?
C'est trop peu. It's too little. II est iei?
C'est assez. It's enough.
C'est vrai. It's true.
C'est beaucoup. It's a lot.
C'est vrai? It's true?
C'est par ici. It's this way.
C'est par Ia. It's that way. Est-<;evrai? }
C'est pour moi. It's for me. It is true?
C'est vrai?
C'est pour nous. It's for us.
C'est pour vous. It's for you. On est-il? }
C'est pour les enfants. It's for the children. Where is he?
II est on?
C'est cela. That's it. That's right.
C'est ca. That's it. That's right. On est-ce?} Where is it?
C'est on?

Est-il pret? } Is he ready?

II est pret?
B. ASKING A QUESTION Il
1. As you have already seen, there are several ways I Note that la often replaces ici to mean "here" in modern conver-
of asking a question: sational French.
56 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 57

Etes-vous pret? } la decoration decoration

Are you ready?
VOUSetes pret? la description description
la mission mission
Sont-elles pretes? } Are they (fern.) Ie numero number
Elles soot pretes? ready? la region region

Veoez-vo~s? }
VOUSveoez?
Are you coming? LESSON 14

Avez-vous des cigarettes? } Do you have any

A. To HAVE AND To HAVE NOT: AVOIR
Vous avez des cigarettes? cigarettes? 1. I have

Avez-vous du feU?} j'ai I have

Do you have a light?
Vous avez du feu? tu as you have
il a he has
Parlez-vous aoglais? } Do you speak: nous avons we have
Vous parlez anglais? English? vous avez you have
ils ont they have
Parlez-vous francais? } Do you speak:
Vous parlez francais? French? 2. I don't have

2. You already know the words oui and non for je n'ai pas I don't have, I
"yes" 'and "no." The word si is also used for haven't
"yes" when you want to contradict a negative tu n'as pas you don't have,
statement or question: etc.
il n'a pas . he doesn't have
Vous ne parlez pas anglais?--Si. nous n'avons pas we don't have
You don't speak: English?- Yes (I do). vous n'avez pas you don't have
ils n'ont pas they don't have
c. WORD STUDY
3. Study these examples:
la bande band, strip
Ie chauffeur chauffeur Je n'ai rien. I have nothing. I don't
commun common have anything.
la composition composition There's nothing
la conscience conscience wrong with me.
58 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 59

J'ai de l'argent. I have money. A-t-elle assez d'argent? Does she have
J'ai assez d'argent. I have enough money. enough money?
Je n'ai pas d'argent. I haven't any money. N'a-t-il pas d'amis it Doesn't he have
J'ai assez de temps. I have enough time. Paris? any friends
TIsn'ont pas de They don't have any in Paris?
cigarettes. cigarettes. N'avez-vous pas de Don't you have a
crayon? pencil?
Avez-vous un stylo? Do you have a pen?
4. Do I have? Avez-vous un timbre? Do you have a
stamp?
Ai-je? (or Est-ce que j' ai?) Do I have? Avez-vous du papier? Do you have any
As-tu? Do you have? paper?
A-t-il? Does he have? Avez-vous des cigarettes? } Do you have
Avons-nous? Do we have? Vous avez des cigarettes? any cigarettes?
Avez-vous? Do you have?
Ont-ils? Do they have? N'avez-vous pas de feu? Don't you have a
light?
Avez-vous une allumette? Do you have a
match? .
5. Don't I have?
Qu'avez-vous? What's the matter
with you? What
N' ai-je pas? Don't I have?
hurts you?
Haven't I?
Qu'est-ce qu'iI a? What's the matter
N' as-tu pas? Don't you have?
with him?
N' a-t-il pas? Doesn't he have?
Combien en avez-vous? How many of
them do you
N' avons-nous pas? Don't ~e have? have?
N' avez-vous pas? Don't you have? Avez-vous le temps de me Do "you have time
N' ont-ils pas? Don't they have? parler? to talk to me?
Pourquoi n' avez-vous pas Why don't you
le temps? have time?
6. Study these examples: parce que because
Je n' ai pas le temps parce I don't have time
A-t-il de I'argent? Does he have any que j' ai un rendez-vous. because I have
money? an appointment.
60 FRENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 61

B. IDIOMS WITH AVOIR II n'y a pas de There's no answer.

reponse.
Study these idiomatic expressions with avoir: II n'y a pas de There's no difference.
difference.
J'ai faim. I'm hungry (I have II n'y a aucune There's no difficulty.
hunger). difficulte,
J'ai soif. I'm thirsty. II n'y a personne, There's nobody.
Nous avons froid. We're cold. Y a-t-it du courrier? Is there any mail?
II a chaud. He's hot. Y a-t-it beaucoup de Is there a crowd? Are
Avez-vous chaud? Are you hot? monde? there a lot of people?
II a tort. He's wrong. Y a-t-it une pharma- Is there a drugstore
Vous avez raison. You're right. cie pres d'ici? near here?
Elle a peur, She's afraid. Y a-t-it un cafe pres Is there a cafe near
J'ai besoin de .•. I need ... d'ici? here?
J'ai besoin de cela. I need that. II y a quatre There are four people
Quel age avez-vous? How old are you? personnes ici. here.
J'ai vingt ans. I'm twenty (years old).
J'ai mal aux dents. I have a toothache.
Elle a mal a la tete. She has a headache.

B. AGO

II y a ... . .. ago
LESSON 15 II y a une heure. An hour ago.
II y a deux heures, Two hours ago.
A. THERE Is II y a un jour. A day ago.
II y a deux jours. Two days ago.
II y a ... There is There II y a trois semaines. Three weeks ago.
are . II y a cinq mois. Five months ago.
II y en a. There's some (of it). II y a cinq ans. Five years ago.
II n'y a rien, There's nothing. II y a dix ans. Ten years ago.
II n'y a plus de cela. There's no more of II y a longtemps. A long time ago.
that. II y a assez longtemps. A rather long time ago.
II n'y en a plus. There isn't any more II n'y a pas longtemps. Not so long ago.
(of it). II y a peu de temps. A short time ago.
62 F"RENCH COURSEBOOK FRENCH COURSEBOOK 63

c. ALso, Too E. I'M SORRY

Aussi. Also, too. Je m'excuse. I'm sorry.
Moi aussi. I also (too). Excusez-moi. Forgive me. I'm sorry.
Toi aussi. You (fam.) also (too). Je suis desole. I'm so sorry.
Lui aussi. He also (too). Je regrette. I'm sorry.
Elle aussi. She also (too). Pardon. I'm sorry (after a small
Nous aussi. We also (too). incident).
Vous aussi. You also (too). Je suis navre. I'm terribly sorry.
Eux aussi. They (masc.) also
QUIZ 6
(too).
Elles aussi. They (fem.) also (too).
1. F ai assez de a. There isn't any
II vient aussi. He's also coming.
temps. more (of it).
lis viennent aussi. They're also coming.
He also did it. 2. Il a raison. b. There's no answer.
IIl'a fait aussi.
Moi aussi je viens. I'm also coming. 3. F ai besoin de cela. c. There's no differ-
ence.
4. Il a tort. d. There's no diffi-
culty.
5. Il a froid. e. Are there any let-
D. As ... As ters for me?
6. J' ai [aim. f. There's nobody
lis sont aussi grands They're as tall as the here.
que les autres. others. 7. F ai vingt ans. g. A day ago.
lis ne sont pas aussi They're not as small as 8. J' ai soif. h. Three weeks ago.
petits que les the others. 9. Quel age avez- i. A long time ago.
autres. ." vous?
Ce n'est pas aussi bon That's not as good as 10. Je suis desole. j. Come as quickly as
que I'autre. the other. you can.
Ce n'est pas aussi That's not as large as 11. Combien en avez- k. I have nothing. I
grand que I'autre. the other. vous? don't have any
'Venez aussi vite que Come as quickly as thing. There's noth-
possible. you can. .ing wrong with me.
Faites-le aussi vite que Do it as quickly as 12. A-t-il des amis a 1. I have enough time.
possible. possible. Paris?
Faites-le aussi bien que Do it as well as 13. Je n' ai rien. m. I'm hungry.
possible. possible. 14. Vous avez raison. n. I'm thirsty.
64 FRENCH COURSEBOOK

15'. Qu' est-ce qu'il a? o. He's cold.

16. II y a trois se-
maines.
17.II n'v a pas de
difference.
18. II ny a aucune
difficulte.
19. II n'y en a plus.
20. II y a long temps.
21. II n'y a personne
ici.
22. Venez aussi vite
que possible.
23. Y a-t-il des lettres
pour moi?
24. II y a un jour.
25. II n'y a pas de
reponse.
p. He's right.
q. He's wrong.
r. You're right.
s. I need that.
t. I'm twenty (years
old).
u. I'm so sorry.
v. Does he have (any)
friends in Paris?
w. What's the matter
with him?
x. How old are you?
y. How many of them
do you have?

ANSWERS
1-1; 2-p; 3-s; 4-q; 5-0; 6-m; 7-t; 8-n;
9-x; lO-u; ll-y; 12-v; 13-k; 14-r; 15-w;
16-h; 17-c; 18-d; 19-a; 20-i; 21-f; 22-j;
23-e; 24-g; 25-b.