omments:

Fenin said...
1.What do you mean when you say you know a word?
You briefly know how it sounds, little idea on how to spell it out and the m
eaning of the word. We would also able to relate it with our mental lexicon. For
example, when we say the word 'love', we will relate it to care, romantic, amaz
ing, enjoyment, etc...It depends on how we say it or with different tone.
------------------------------------------------
2
a).What is a morpheme?
Morpheme is the smallest linguistics unit that has a meaning or grammatical
function. A morpheme may or may not stand alone. For example, the word "unbreaka
ble" has three morphemes: "un-", a bound morpheme; "break", a free morpheme; and
"-able", a bound morpheme.
b)Explain the types of morpheme.Give examples.
There are 4 types of morphemes.
(i)Free morphemes
Morphemes that can stand alone as words. eg: town, dog.
(ii)Bound morphemes
Morphemes that always attach to other morphemes, never existing as words the
mselves. Bound morphemes in general tend to be prefixes and suffixes.
eg:
(Prefix) un - safe
(Suffix) comfort - able
(iii)Derivational morphemes
- can be added to a word to create (derive) another word, for example, the a
ddition of "-ness" to "happy," for example, to give "happiness." They carry sema
ntic information.
(iv)Inflectional morphemes
- modify a word's tense, number, aspect, and so on, without deriving a new w
ord or a word in a new grammatical category (as in the "dog" morpheme if written
with the plural marker morpheme "-s" becomes "dogs"). They carry grammatical in
formation.
------------------------------------------------
3.Explain affixes.Give examples.
An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word.Pr
efix and suffix are extremely common terms.
(i)Prefix
- A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a root word. A prefix ch
anges the meaning of a word.
eg, im-proper, in-complete
 (ii)Suffix
- A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word.
eg, use-less, break-able
-----------------------------------------------
4.Explain and give example of homophones/homonyms.
Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spe
llings.
For example,
hear - here
some - sum
cite - site
threw - through
read - red
------------------------------------------------
February 18, 2011 7:27 AM
Fenin said...
5.Explain and give examples of how English language has increased it vocabul
ary over the years.
(From the previous blog)
i)borrow
ii)blends/compounds
iii)create
iv)affixes
v)acronyms
Briefly, vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other
languages, or as words get combined or shortened. Some words are even created by
mistake. As noted in the Linguistic Society of America's publication Is English
Changing?, pea is one such example. Up until about 400 years ago, pease referre
d to either a single pea or many peas. At some point, people mistakenly assumed
that the word pease was the plural form of pea, and a new word was born. While v
ocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure as the order of words in a sent
ence changes more slowly. It s clear that today s English speakers construct sentenc
es very differently from Chaucer and Shakespeare s contemporaries. Changes in soun
d are somewhat harder to document, but at least as interesting. For example, dur
ing the so-called Great Vowel Shift 500 years ago, English speakers modified their
vowel pronunciation dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference
between the pronunciations of so called Middle and Modern English.
------------------------------------------------
6.Explain and give examples of function/content words.
Content words
- content words are open class words (new
words are being added in every language)
- it includes:
'Nouns'(John,room..)
 'Adjectives'(happy,new..)
'Full verbs'(search,grow..)
'Adverbs'(very, really..)
'Numerals'(one,first..)
'Interjections'(eh,well..)
'Yes/No'(yes,no >as answer)
Function words
- function words are closed class words (only
about 300 in English)
- it includes:
'Prepositions'(of,at..)
'Pronouns'(he,they..)
'Determiners'(the,a..)
'Conjunctions'(and,when..)
'Modal verbs'(can,must..)
'Auxiliary verbs'(be,have..)
'Particles'(no,nor..)
February 18, 2011 7:28 AM
raj_vathy said...
1. Basically when we said we knew the particular word are usually when we ar
e familiar with a word, we know how to use the word and how to pronouns the part
icular word. Moreover, we also know when we should use the word.
2. (a) Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the word. A morpheme may
or may not stand alone and one or several morphemes compose a word.
(b) Morphemes divided into two which is free morpheme and bound morpheme. A
free morpheme is a grammatical unit that can occur by itself such as such as , ,
, and . Bound morphemes are meaning-bearing units of language, such as prefixes
and suffixes which are attached to unbound morphemes. They cannot stand alone.
For an example: im in impossible
3. Affixes are a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word
. Affixes are divided into several categories, depending on their position with
reference to the stem which is prefixes and suffixes. A prefixes is an element p
laced at the beginning of a word to adjust or qualify its meaning, for example d
e-, non-, and re-. However, a suffix is an element placed at the end of a word t
o form a derivative such as ation, -fy, -ing, frequently one that convert the ste
m into another part of speech.
4. Homophone is a word that is pronounces the same as another word but diffe
rent in meaning. The word may spell the same such as rose (flower) and rose (pas
t tense of rise ) or carat, caret, and carrot. The term "homophone" may also apply
to units longer or shorter than words such as phrases, letters or groups of lett
ers that are pronounced the same as another phrase, letter or group of letters.
Example of homophones:
o Beet, beat
o Through, threw
o Ate, eight
o Tee, tea
o See, sea
o Led, lead
o Weight, wait
o Hear, here
o To, two
 o Bear, bare
o Fowl, foul
o Waist, waste
o Staid, stayed
o Root, route
o Manor, manner
February 18, 2011 7:34 PM
raj_vathy said...
5. English language has increased it vocabulary or acquire new words over th
e years through:
(a) Borrow (words from other parts of the world. The English language has an
enormous amount of words that have been borrowed from other languages.
o Hindi - bungalow, jungle, shampoo, thug
o Persian - check, checkmate, chess
o Chinese - ketchup, tea, ginseng
(b) Blends (Blend words are the words that are crunched together to form new
words. Knowing the origin of each word can be a help to spellers .words which a
re comprised of parts from two other words)
o Brunch --------- breakfast + lunch
o Glimmer-------- gleam + shimmer
o Moped --------- motor + pedal
o Motel ----------- motor + hotel
o Motorcade ---- motor + cavalcade
o Smash --------- smack + mash
o Smog ----------- smoke + fog
o Splatter -------- splash + spatter
o Squiggle ------- squirm + wriggle
o Telethon ------- television + marathon
o Twirl ------------ twist + whirl
(c) Affixes are a morpheme or base word that is attached to a word stem to f
orm a new word. Affixes are divided into several categories, depending on their
position with reference to the stem which is prefixes and suffixes.
- Prefixe: ReTurn, ReView, MisUnderstand, AbNormal.
- Suffixe: washES, biggER, runnER, thankFUL
- Prefixe and suffixe: UnbelieveAble, MisunderstandIng

(d) Acronyms (a word formed from the initial letters or groups of letters of
words in a set phrase or series of words)
? BRB : Be right back
? EMS : Environment Management System
? TRIPS : Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights Trade
(e) Create
? Apple: a round fruit that grows on trees
? Beef: meat from a cow
? Boom: period of economic growth
? Banging: making a loud noise
6. Function words belong to the closed class of words in grammar in that it
is very uncommon to have new function words created in the course of speech, whe
reas in the open class of words that is, nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs an
d new words may be added readily such as slang words, technical terms, and adopt
ions and adaptations of foreign words. Words that are not function words are cal
led content words (or open class words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and mos
t adverbs.
Example of function word (close word):
Nouns (e.g: dog, house), verbs (e.g: to go, to see), and adjectives (e.g: gr
een, nice)
Example of content word (open word):
Prepositions'(of,at..)
'Conjunctions'(and,when..)
February 18, 2011 7:34 PM
sarada said...
Try to give different answers...don't repeat the same answers...
February 19, 2011 4:58 AM
=t3sS@= said...
Dear all,
These are my research findings. :)
1.) What do you mean when you say you know a word?
When we say we know a word, this means that we already have that particular
word in our mental lexicon storage,this is when we are able to image the picture
or sound of the particular word. For an example, the word "apple" would make us
imagine the colour and the image of an "apple".
Besides, when we say we know a particular word, this means that we know the
proper meaning, spelling, sound or pronunciation we should also know how to use
and apply that particular word.
When an unfamiliar word is introduced to us we tend to say we don't know tha
t word maybe because the word is simply not stored in our mental lexicon, and be
cause we don't know the meaning or other necessary elements which are required f
or us to recognise the word.
------------------------------------------------
2.)
a) What is a morpheme?
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.
b) Explain the types of morpheme. Give examples.
Morphemes may be classified, on the basis of word formation, characteristics
into the following types:

Root
simple structure, made up of a single morpheme; a basis for compounding and
affixation. It can be either Bound Morpheme or Free Morpheme.
Stem
may be complex, made up of one or more morphemes; a basis for affixation. It
 can be either Bound Morpheme or Free Morpheme.
Affix
a simple structure of morpheme that can be categorized into:
o prefix
o infix
o suffix
o suprafix
o simulfix
o circumfix
*This morpheme can be Bound Morpheme but it cannot be Free Morpheme
Clitic
a simple structure of morpheme which always phonologically being formed as B
ound Morpheme and Being formed as Free Morpheme syntactically.
o proclitic
o enclitic
Note: A clitic is a kind of morpheme that does not fit well in the above cla
ssification system because it is phonologically bound but syntactically free.
------------------------------------------------
3.) Explain affixes. Give examples.
An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. A
ffixes may be derivational, like English -ness and pre-, orinflectional, like En
glish plural -s and past tense -ed. They are bound morphemes by definition; pref
ixes and suffixes may be separable affixes. Affixation is, thus, the linguistic
process speakers use to form new words (neologisms) by adding morphemes (affixes
) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixatio
n) of words.
Affixes can be categorized into:
Prefix: Appears at the front of a stem
Eg: un-DO
Suffix/Postfix: Appears at the back of a stem
Eg: LOOK-ing
Infix: Appears within a stem common in Borneo-Philippines languages
Eg: Minne FLIPPIN' sota
Circumfix: One portion appears at the front of a stem, and the other at the
rear
Eg: a SCATTER ed
Simulfix: Changes a segment of a stem
Eg: mOUse ? mIce
Suprafix: Changes a suprasegmental phoneme of a stem
Eg:
PROduce (noun)
proDUCE (verb)
------------------------------------------------
4.) Explain and give example of homophones/homonyms.
Homophones or Homonyms are the words that have same sounds with different me
aning.
 Eg:
above/over garbage/trash raise/lift
auto/car woman/lady stone/rock
large/big infant/baby street/road
small/tiny shut/close near/close
stop/cease own/possess reply/answer
exit/leave false/untrue happy/glad
February 19, 2011 1:35 PM
=t3sS@= said...
Continue....
------------------------------------------------
5.) Explain and give examples of how English language has increased it vocab
ulary over the years.
When people started to communicate, language had needed however, there are q
uite a number of reasons on how how English language has increased it vocabulary
over the years. I had classified the types of the words being created as below:
Borrow:
1. Alcohol=liquor(Arabic)
2. Paradise=heaven(Avestan)
3. Magic(Avestan)
Blends:
1. Fantabulous [blend of "fantastic" & "tabulous"]
2. Juneteenth [blend of "June" & "nineteenth"]
3. Airbill [blend of "air" & "waybill" ]
4. Manglish [blend of "Malaysia" & "English"]
5. Singlish [blend of "Singapore" & "English"]
Compounds:
1. Guest House [A private house offering accommodations to paying guests]
2. Aftershaves [An astringent, typically scented lotion for applying to the
skin after shaving]
3. Ballroom [a large room, as in a hotel or resort, with a polished floor fo
r dancing]
Affixes:
1. Prefix= unhappy(sad)-adj
2. Suffix= happiness(pleasure, joy/the quality or state of being happy.)-nou
n
Acronyms:
1. SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
2. DVD-Digital Video Disk ); Digital Versatile Disk )
3. UTAR-University Tun Abdul Rahman
Create:
1. Browse
Actually, this word means "To inspect something leisurely". However, nowaday
s people commonly use this word as the meaning of "To look for information or re
ad website casually on the Internet"
2. Hack-To cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows
This word is now commonly used as the meaning of "Informal To alter a comput
er programme" or " To gain access to (a computer file or network) illegally or w
ithout authorization".
 ------------------------------------------------
6.) Explain and give examples of function/content words.
Function words are closed class words (only about 300 in English) while cont
ent words are open class words (new words are being added in every language).
Examples:
FUNCTION WORDS:
Prepositions
of, at, in, without, between
Pronouns
he, they, anybody, it, one
Determiners
the, a, that, my, more, much, either, neither
Conjunctions
and, that, when, while, although, or
Modal verbs
can, must, will, should, ought, need, used
Auxilliary verbs
be (is, am, are), have, got, do
Particles
no, not, nor, as
CONTENT WORDS
Nouns
John, room, answer, Selby
Adjectives
happy, new, large, grey
Full verbs
search, grow, hold, have
Adverbs
really, completely, very, also, enough
Numerals
one, thousand, first
Interjections
eh, ugh, phew, well
Yes/No answers
yes, no (as answers)
February 19, 2011 1:41 PM
Post a Comment
Newer Post Older Post Home
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)
Download Box
Course Plan Morpho (1) Morphology & Lexicon Morphology & Lexicon(4)(1) Morpholog
y & Phonology Stress Syntax The Vowels and Consonants in English
ChatBox
Blog Archive
* ? 2011 (9)
o ? February (3)
+ 08/02/2011
+ Revision
+ Presentation Dates + Mid Sem
o ? January (6)
+ How Does A Language Increase Its Vocabulary?
+ Synonyms
+ Group Assignment/Presentation (20%)
+ Week 4
+ Week 2_18/01/2011
+ Week 1_12/01/2011
Followers
About Me
MorphologyJan2011
View my complete profile