Nama : Bentra Ryaldi

NIM : 160388203050
Pelaksanaan Ritual Tolak Bala
a. Persiapan
Persiapan pelaksanaan ritual tolak bala dimulai dengan rapat bersama yang dipimpin oleh
pimpinan masing-masing kepala suku masyarakat Petalangan yang disebut Ninik Mamak. Dalam
rapat tersebut dirundingkan tentang pelaksanaan tolak bala, mencari titik temu jika terdapat
perbedaan untuk mencapai kesepakatan. Persiapan ini terbentuk melalui kerjasama ninik mamak
untuk mengumpulkan anak kemenakan masing-masing (se-suku), agar mengikuti rapat dengan
agenda persiapan pelaksanaan ritual tolak bala (pengobatan kampung). Rapat persiapan ini
bertujuan agar pelaksanaan ritual ini berjalan dengan baik dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan,
serta pembentukan panitia pelaksana.
The implementation of ward off misfortune ritual
a. Preparation
The preparation of the implementation of ward off misfortune ritual begins by the meeting which
was led by the leader of each Petalangan community's chief called Ninik Mamak. It discussed the
implementation of ward off misfortune, found the agreement if there is a difference in achieving
it. It was formed through the cooperation of ninik mamak for gathering each nephew child (each
tribe), to follow the meeting with the agenda of the preparation for the implementation of the
ritual of ward off misfortune ritual (village treatment). The preparatory meeting aims to ensure
that the rituals run well and can be accounted for, and the formation of an organizing committee.

Menurut Kutar, Tolak bala yang dilaksanakan setiap tahunnya perlu persiapan yang matang
karena melibatkan banyak orang, dan bukan untuk kepentingan para ninik mamak. Oleh karena
itu, ritual ini harus dilaksanakan secara gotong royong, baik dalam bentuk tenaga maupun materi
(uang). Menurut Jiun, panitia pelaksana sudah menetapkan besaran sumbangan setiap kepala
keluarga. Hal serupa juga dinyatakan oleh Nursahabat, meskipun begitu warga tetap boleh
menyumbang lebih besar atau kurang dari yang telah ditetapkan oleh panitia. Kaum ibu juga
terlibat aktif dalam pelaksanaan ritual ini, satu atau dua hari menjelang dilaksanakannya kenduri
tolak bala, mereka secara bergotong royong memasak dan membawa bumbu-bumbu dapur dari
rumah masing-masing.
According to Kutar, Tolak Bala which are carried out every year requires careful preparation
because it involves many people, and not for the interests of the ninik mamak. Therefore, this
ritual must be carried out in mutual cooperation, both in the form of energy and material
(money). According to Jiun, the executive committee had determined the number of donations
for each head of the family. The same thing was stated by Nursahabat, even though the residents
were still allowed to contribute more or less than what had been determined by the committee.
The mothers are also actively involved in the implementation of this ritual, one or two days
before the celebration of the reinforcements, they work together to cook and bring herbs from
their homes.

Besar atau kecilnya kenduri tolak bala dapat dilihat dari seberapa banyak kambing yang
dipotong. Namun, sebenarnya kenduri tolak bala dianggap besar apabila memotong sapi atau
kerbau. Sedangkan meriah atau tidaknya dapat dilihat dari seberapa banyak ayam yang dipotong.
Kambing merupakan menu utama yang disajikan lauk pauk dalam acara kenduri tersebut.
The size or smallness of the hatch minus the reinforcement can be seen from how many goats are
cut. However, it is actually important to reject the plague when it comes to cutting cattle or
buffaloes. Whether it's lively or not can be seen from how much chicken is cut. Goat is the main
menu served with side dishes at the event.

b. Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan

Setelah mengadakan musyawarah, maka ninik mamak dan anak kemenakan menyepakati dan
menetapkan beberapa hal, antara lain berkaitan dengan waktu dan tempat pelaksanaan.
Pelaksanaan tolak bala dilakukan setiap tahunnya pada tanggal 15 Februari. Tidak ada penjelasan
tentang mengapa pelaksanaan tolak bala dilakukan pada tanggal tersebut. Menurut Jasa, hal ini
dilakukan sebagai warisan nenek moyang, dan wajib dilaksanakan setiap tahun, jika tidak
dilaksanakan, maka itu dianggap hutang dan berakibat kampung tersebut ditimpa bala. Berkaitan
dengan waktu pelaksanaan, menurut Jami'aturrahman, tolak bala tidak mutlak harus dilakukan
pada tanggal 15 Februari, boleh saja dilaksanakan tanggal 13 atau 14 Februari, yang boleh tidak
boleh melewati tanggal 15 Februari, apalagi melampaui bulan Februari. Jika dilaksanakan
melewati tanggal 15 Februari, dipercayai akan membahayakan masyarakat Petalangan, seperti
gangguan makhluk halus, kerasukan jin, bencana alam dan sebagainya.
b. Time and Place of Execution
After the consultation, ninik mamak and the foster child agreed and set some things, including
the time and place of implementation. The kick-off exercise is held annually on February 15.
There is no explanation as to why the strike was not performed on that date. According to Jasa,
this is done as a legacy of the ancestors, and it is mandatory every year, if not implemented, it is
considered debt and consequently the village is affected. Regarding the timing of the execution,
according to Jami'aturrahman, the absolute strike should not take place on February 15, it can
take place on February 13 or 14, which must not pass on February 15, let alone beyond February.
If implemented by February 15, it is believed to be harmful to the Petalangan community, such
as the disturbance of creatures, genocide, natural disasters and so on.

Selain menetapkan tanggal, hari, dan bulan pelaksanaan tolak bala, kesepakatan musyawarah
juga menetapkan jam atau waktu acara kenduri dilaksanakan. Waktu pelaksanaan biasanya
malam hari, karena pada malam hari masyarakat Petalangan tidak ada kesibukan atau sudah tidak
beraktivitas seperti di siang hari, sehingga semua warga masyarakat bisa hadir dalam acara
tersebut. Sedangkan waktu pelaksanaan biasanya dilakukan setelah shalat Maghrib.
In addition to setting the date, day, and month of the initiation of reinforcements, the deliberation
agreement also stipulates the hours or time when the kenduri event is held. The implementation
time is usually at night because at night the Petalangan community is not busy or has no
activities like during the day so that all members of the community can attend the event. While
the implementation time is usually done after the Maghrib prayer.

Explenation

Gamba1: Kenduri
Kenduri
Kenduri or selametan or kenduren (Jawa call for kenduri) is a Javanese ritual. Kenduri is a
banquet for remembering something, requesting blessing, and other religious ceremonies.
Kenduri is usually a gathering of a community and is led by the oldest person or someone who
has a religion knowledge. The gathering is usually solely for the male population. For women,
this banquet give them a chance to socialise while they prepare a meal for the Kenduri.
 Gambar 2 : Ninik Mamak
Ninik Mamak
Ninik Mamak is a traditional institution consisting of several headmen who come from various
clans or groups within the Minangkabau tribes. This institution is filled by leaders from several
large families or groups or clans called the prince, where the leadership is passed down from
generation to generation according to Minangkabau matrilineal custom. The official position was
held by a Minangkabau man who was elder and was seen as capable of leading wisely
Nama : Bentra Ryaldi
Pantun Nasehat Melayu
Cempedak di luar pagar,
Ambil galah tolong jolokkan,
Saya budak baharu belajar,
Kalau salah tolong tunjukkan.
Tuailah padi antara masak,
Esok jangan layu-layuan,
Intailah kami antara nampak,
Esok jangan rindu-rinduan.
Pisang emas bawa belayar,
Masak sebiji di atas peti,
Hutang emas dapat dibayar,
Hutang budi dibawa mati.
Apa guna pasang pelita,
Jika tidak dengan sumbunya?
Apa guna bermain mata,
Kalau tidak dengan sesungguhnya?
Kajang tuan kajang melipat,
Kajang saya mengkuang layu,
Dagang tuan dagang bertempat,
Dagang saya terbuang lalu.
The jackfruit outside the fence,
Go prod them gently with a stake,
A youthful learner I, so hence,
Be please to point out each mistake.
Garner the rice crop at its height,
Lest it be withered ere the morn,
Look well on we whilst in you sight,
Don’t lovelorn be at tomorrow’s dawn.
With golden plaintains sail away,
Whilst on a chest lies one that’s ripe,
The debts of gold we can repay,
But debts of kindness last through life.
Why attempt to light a lantern,
If the wick should not be in it?
Why attempt to smile and wanton,
If you do not really mean it?
Your awning is of pleated matting,
While mine is but of withered pine,
A wanderer you, but with a footing,
An outcast exile’s lot is mine.
Pantun Jenaka Melayu
Dari mana punai melayang ?
Dari paya turun ke padi
Dari mana datangnya cinta ?
Dari mata turun ke hati
Sirih kuning dalam lalang
Jatuh sehelai ditepuk hujan
Putih kuning lalu-lalang
Bagai kilat hari nak hujan
Limau manis condong ke Keling
Sudah ke Keling, ke Jawa pula
Hitam manis duduk menjeling
Sudah menjeling, tertawa pula
Sirih kuning pinangnya kelat
Buluh perindu tidak berdahan
Putih kuning marilah dekat
Hati rindu tidak tertahan
Teritip, tiram tergantung
Limau manis banyak bijinya
Pilih-pilih muda sekampung
Hitam-manis baik budinya
From whence do pigeon fly ?
From the swamp to the rice
From whence comes this love ?
From the eyes down to the heart
Golden fair in the long grass
One blade falls, struck down by rain
Golden girl going to and fro
You’re summer lightning before the rain
The orange inclines to india
And after (to) India towards Java too
The nut brown girl (sits) gives a
sidelong glance
And follows her look with laughter
The young vine’s nuts are sharp to taste
A bamboo flute has no leaves
Golden girl, come close to me
I cannot bear this longing
Barnacles and oysters grow in clusters
The orange has so many seeds
Choosing, choosing the kampong girls
The dark-skinned ones are kindest