Critical thinking means reviewing the ideas produced, making a tentative decision about what action will

best solve the problem or what belief about the issue is most reasonable, and then evaluating and
refining that solution or belief (Ruggiero, 2012).

Instructors who teach critical thinking provide students with the opportunity to understand and take
charge of their learning.

Students who implement critical thinking skills approach the courseware in a more thoughtful and
effective manner, ask more challenging questions and participate in the learning process more intensely.
Students who develop critical thinking skills often practice those skills well into latter life. These skills
may, in fact, literally change their lives forever. Developing critical thinking abilities translates to both
academic and job success. Using these skills, students tend to expand the perspectives from which they
view the world and increase their ability to navigate the important decisions in learning and in life.

CRITICAL THINKING IN THE WORKPLACE Why is critical thinking important in the workplace?

Critical thinking is applicable whenever people are called to make a decision or resolve a problem.
Working people make decisions. Some are good decisions that move the business forward and increase
profit. Others are poor decisions that hurt the business and reduce profit. This is a frequent occurrence
in workplaces at any level. Management and upper level executives are not the only ones who have the
responsibility of making decisions; decision making and problem solving are a constant in organizations.
Each person in an organization or business no matter what their position makes hundreds of decisions
every day and each one is an opportunity for success or failure.

Someone with critical thinking skills can:

Understand the links between ideas.

Determine the importance and relevance of arguments and ideas.

Recognise, build and appraise arguments.

Identify inconsistencies and errors in reasoning.

Approach problems in a consistent and systematic way.

Reflect on the justification of their own assumptions, beliefs and values.

Read more at: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-thinking.html

Maikling Gawain naka-angkla pa rin ito sa Critikal Thinking bilang isang indibidwal mamaya na yung
Kritikal nap ag-iisip bilang isang guro,

Isipin ang naaalala mong naka-usap na hindi tugma ang inyong paniniwala o malabong layunin nang
pagsambit nito saiyo.

Who said it?

Someone you know? Someone in a position of authority or power? Does it matter who told you this?

What did they say?

Did they give facts or opinions? Did they provide all the facts? Did they leave anything out?

Where did they say it?

Was it in public or in private? Did other people have a chance to respond and provide an alternative
account?
When did they say it?

Timing is important so, was it before, during or after an important event?

Why did they say it?

Did they explain the reasoning behind their opinion? Were they trying to make someone look good or
bad?

How did they say it?

Were they happy or sad, angry or indifferent? Did they write it or say it? Could you understand what was
said?

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/critical-thinking.html

Diba napakahalaga ng gampanin nitong kritikal na pag-iisip, hindi lang ito maaaring ituro sa mga mag-
aaral. Kundi nagagamit din ito sa pang-araw araw na Gawain.

In fact, research suggests that explicit instruction in critical thinking may make kids smarter, more
independent, and more creative.

Teaching critical thinking may boost inventiveness and raises IQ

Teaching critical thinking in class may help kids solve everyday problems.

Encourage kids to ask questions.

Ask students to consider alternative explanations and solutions. It’s nice to get the right answer. But
many problems yield themselves to more than one solution. When kids consider multiple solutions,
they may become more flexible thinkers.

Get students to clarify meaning. Kids should practice putting things in their own words (while keeping
the meaning intact). And kids should be encouraged to make meaningful distinctions. ART OF
QUESTIONING.

Don’t confine Critical Thinking to purely factual or academic matters. Encourage students to reason
about ethical, moral, and public policy issues.

Get students to write. As many teachers know, the process of writing helps students clarify their
explanations and sharpen their arguments. At the end of the term, the students in the writing group
had increased their analytical skills significantly.

Gawain ng gurong nakatutulong sa mag-aaral para sa pagpapalawak ng “Critical Thinking”

Understand the links between ideas. Tinutulungan ang mga mag-aaral pag-ugnayin ang dalawang
magkaibang ideya.

Masuri ang kahalagahan ng magkaibang argumento.

Recognise, build and appraise arguments. Makapagbigay tugon at makapormula ng bagong

kaalaman/argumento.

Identify inconsistencies and errors in reasoning. Pagtulong sa mag-aaral para malaman ang kanilang
mali, sa tamang paraan na mababatid nila ang tamang sagot.

Approach problems in a consistent and systematic way. Mabigyan ng sistematikong paraan at

consistent na paghanap ng sagot.
Reflect on the justification of their own assumptions, beliefs and values. Pagtulong sa mag-aaral para
makapagbigay ng repleksyon sa kanilang nabasa o gawain para mapalitaw ang mga aral sa akda o
talakayan.

If we want children to thrive in our complicated world, we need to teach them how to think, says
educator Brian Oshiro. And we can do it with 4 simple questions.

We all want the young people in our lives to thrive, but there’s no clear consensus about what will
best put them on the path to future success. Should every child be taught to code? Attain fluency in
Mandarin, Spanish, Hindi and English?

Those are great, but they’re not enough, says educator and teacher trainer Brian Oshiro. If we want
our children to have flexible minds that can readily absorb new information and respond to complex
problems, he says, we need to develop their critical thinking skills.

In adult life, “we all have to deal with questions that are a lot more complicated than those found on
a multiple-choice test,” he says in a TEDxXiguan talk. “We need to give students an opportunity to
grapple with questions that don’t necessarily have one correct answer. This is more realistic of the
types of situations that they’re likely to face when they get outside the classroom.”

How can we encourage kids to think critically from an early age? Through an activity that every child is
already an expert at — asking questions.

1. Go beyond “what?” — and ask “how?” and “why?”

Let’s say your child is learning about climate change in school. Their teacher may ask them a question
like “What are the main causes of climate change?” Oshiro says there are two problems with this
question — it can be answered with a quick web search, and being able to answer it gives people a
false sense of security; it makes them feel like they know a topic, but their knowledge is superficial.

At home, prompt your kid to answer questions such as “How exactly does X cause climate change?”
and “Why should we worry about it?” To answer, they’ll need to go beyond the bare facts and really
think about a subject.

Other great questions: “How will climate change affect where we live?” or “Why should our town in
particular worry about climate change?” Localizing questions gives kids, says Oshiro, “an opportunity
to connect whatever knowledge they have to something personal in their lives.”
2. Follow it up with “How do you know this?”

Oshiro says, “They have to provide some sort of evidence and be able to defend their answer against
some logical attack.” Answering this question requires kids to reflect on their previous statements and
assess where they’re getting their information from.

3. Prompt them to think about how their perspective may differ from other people’s.

Ask a question like “How will climate change affect people living in X country or X city?” or “Why
should people living in X country or X city worry about it?” Kids will be pushed to think about the
priorities and concerns of others, says Oshiro, and to try to understand their perspectives — essential
elements of creative problem-solving.

4. Finally, ask them how to solve this problem.

But be sure to focus the question. For example, rather than ask “How can we solve climate change?”
— which is too big for anyone to wrap their mind around — ask “How could we address and solve
cause X of climate change?” Answering this question will require kids to synthesize their knowledge.
Nudge them to come up with a variety of approaches: What scientific solution could address cause X?
What’s a financial solution? Political solution?

You can start this project any time on any topic; you don’t have to be an expert on what your kids are
studying. This is about teaching them to think for themselves. Your role is to direct their questions,
listen and respond. Meanwhile, your kids “have to think about how they’re going to put this into
digestible pieces for you to understand it,” says Oshiro. “It’s a great way to consolidate learning.”

Critical thinking isn’t just for the young, of course. He says, “If you’re a lifelong learner, ask yourself
these types of questions in order to test your assumptions about what you think you already know.”
As he adds, “We can all improve and support critical thinking by asking a few extra questions each
day.”

By adopting this definition of critical thinking and applying their learning in

education contexts, students can: KAHALAGAHAN NG CRITICAL THINKING SA
MAG-AARAL
Nakakapag-isip ng mas malalim at nabubuksan ang curiosity.

Nakakapagbibigay ng inobatibong solusyon sa agham, matematika o panitakan.

use their reasoning skills to analyse and evaluate – Paggamit ng kanilang “reasoning skills sa pagsusuri
at pagbuo ng bagong sagot.

Nakapagbibigay ng oportunidad na makapag-isip sa ibang estilo.

In order to help their students to develop critical-thinking skills and to take

critical action, teachers need to: Paraan para madebelop ang Critikal Thinking ng
mga mag-aaral.

Makapagbigay istandard bilang hamon sa mga mag-aaral para sa mas malalim na pagkatuto.

Laging maging handa sap ag tanggap at pagsuri ng mga sagot sa paraang maiintindihan nila nang
lubusan. Lalo na kung ito ay galling sa kanilang personal na paniniwala o karanasan.

Turuan ang mag-aaral na galangin ang opinion ng bawat isa.

Pagbibigay ng oras sa pagpaplano para sa paggawa at proseso para sa mas malinaw at makabuluhang
awtput.

Pagbibigay arte sa pagtuturo, nakatutulong ito para mas makuha mo ng atensyon ang iyong mag-
aaral. Sabi nga ang guro ang pinaka epektibong kagamitang pampagtuturo.

For students, learning to think critically and to take critical action will include:

learning to take responsibility for analysing and evaluating information

giving each other feedback about their analyses, evaluations, and actions

questioning and challenging each other's assumptions in a non-threatening manner

learning to identify any inequalities and power relationships within contexts in health education,
physical education, and home economics, focusing on how these positions are sometimes reinforced
through organisational structures and through certain forms of language

reflecting on people's assumptions, beliefs, and behaviours, taking into account a range of factors

generating alternative solutions and accepting them or critiquing them in a sensitive manner

developing the confidence to work with others in taking critical action

EDUCATION IS NOT LEARNING FACTS BUT TRAINING MIND TO THINK.