How data is stored in cluster table?

Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains

the no. of entries. 2. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap? SAP Script layout, text
element, and some DDIC objects. 3. On which even we can validate the input fields in module
progams? In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group
of fields put in chain and End chain statement.) 4. In selection screen I have three fields, plant
mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on
plant dynamically? AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL. CALL
FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material group for the
plant. 5. How do you get output from IDOC? Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from
Idoc is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments. 6. When top of the page
event is triggered? After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event. 7. Can we
create field without data element and how? In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip.
Data element/ direct type. 8. How do we debug sapscript? Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to
utilities select debugger mode on. 9. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the
performance of ABAP program. TCode AL21. 10. How can I copy a standard table to make my
own z_table. Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button.
Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.
Following are some of the answers which I gave upto my knowledge. 1. What is the use of
'outerjoin' Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the
tables used in the view. In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the
view. 2. When to use logical database? Ans. Advantage of Logical databases: less coding s
required to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables. Tables used LDB are in hierarchial
structure. 3. What is the use of 'table index'? Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base
tables. 4. What is the use of 'FOR ALL ENTRIES'? Ans. To avoid nested select statements we
use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement. If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR
ALL ENTRIES is used. Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use. 5. Can
you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION? Yes,Using No Screen Mode. 6.
What are table buffers? Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The
data of buffered tables can thus be accessed directly from the buffer of the application server.
This avoids the time-consuming process of accessing the database. Buffering is useful if table
needs to be accessed more no. of times in a program. ABAP Technical Interview Questions: 1.
What is the typical structure of an ABAP program? 2. What are field symbols and field groups.?
Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups? 3. What should be the
approach for writing a BDC program? 4. What is a batch input session? 5. What is the alternative
to batch input session? 6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need
to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it? 7. What is the
difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database
level? 8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process
different from processing on line? 9. What do you define in the domain and data element? 10.
What are the different types of data dictionary objects? 11. How many types of tables exist and
what are they in data dictionary? 12. What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data
dictionary? 13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?
14. What are the domains and data elements? 15. Can you create a table with fields not referring
to data elements? 16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP
programs? 17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? 18. What is a collect
statement? How is it different from append? 19. What is open sql vs native sql? 20. What does an
EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? 21. What is the meaning of
ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary? 22. What are the events in ABAP language?
23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical
type reports? 24. What is a drill down report? 25. How do you write a function module in SAP?
Describe. 26. What are the exceptions in function module? 27. What is a function group? 28. How
are the date abd time field values stored in SAP? 29. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table?
30. Name a few data dictionary objects? 31. What happens when a table is activated in DD? 32.
What is a check table and what is a value table? 33. What are match codes? Describe? 34. What
transactions do you use for data analysis? 35. What is table maintenance generator? 36. What
are ranges? What are number ranges? 37. What are select options and what is the diff from
parameters? 38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display
initial values in a selection screen? 39. What are selection texts? 40. What is CTS and what do
you know about it? 41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does
selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries?
How do you do it? 42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client
independent? 43. Are programs client dependent? 44. Name a few system global variables you
can use in ABAP programs? 45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in
an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement? 46. How do you take care of
performance issues in your ABAP programs? 47. What are datasets? 48. How to find the return
code of a stmt in ABAP programs? 49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP? 50.
Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data? 2. Adapted from response by
Maram Roja on Tuesday, June 15, 2004 1. What are the techniques involved in using SAP
supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why? 2.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases? 3.
What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report? 4. What are different
tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used? 5. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of ABAP query tool? 6. What are the functional areas? User groups? How does
ABAP query work in relation to these? 7. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an
ABAP query? 8. What is the structure of a BDC sessions. 9. What are Change header/detail
tables? Have you used them? 10. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a
BDC batch session? 11. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions? 12. How do you set
up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs? 13. Is it
possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run? 14. What kind of
financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that? 15. Does SAP handle multiple
currencies? Multiple languages? 16. What is a currency factoring technique? 17. How do you
document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option? 18. What is
SAPscript and layout set? 19. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set? 20. What
is output determination? ABAP Interview Questions 1.Without using Tcode SE11, How can we
enter the values in to the table??? 2.What is the difference between Collect statement and
Append Statement??? 3.What do you mean by correction and Transportation system??? 4.What
is the difference between User Exits and BADI???? 5.How can we identify User exits in our
screen??? 6.What do you mean by Inbound and Outbound interface??? 7.In realtime do we
configure ALE systems or Administator will take care of that?? 8.How to release an object???
9.What is the flow of a Sales document??? 10.What is the flow of Purchase order??? 12.What is
the flow of Invoice??? 13.What are the standard IDOC's used??? 14.What do you mean by table
control???Where will we use this??? 15.What are field symbols??Where will we use these
symbols??? Deepti 1. There are other ways of entering data into a DB table. ex. B D C 2. Collect
statement collect/adds the records basing on a key field. allows to create summarised data sets.
Append will append/add a record at the end of existing records 8. to release an object - use
se10/se9 9. sales doc flow: S. A. - S. O. - Delivery - Billing 12. Delivery - invoice. 15. field
symbols are used for dynamic allocation. at runtime u can assign a concrete field to field-symbol.
Kishore 1. you can go to abap editor (se38) and use insert statement for insertion update for
update and modify for modifications. 2. collect will not allow duplicate entries, while append can
allow duplicates. 3. if any changes are made to objects they are to be transported to different
systems i.e, change and transport. 4. in user exits we go by general method for enhancements
while BADIs we use objects (oops concepts) methods for enhancement. 14. table controls are
enhanced version for step loops where we can expand rows .main difference between these two
is step loop can be expanded to two lines table controls can`t. 15. field symbols are just like
pointers concept which are used in C language. We use them when we want to refer to the fields
considered,it doesnt allocate any memory for it. Venu Rapolu 1. Ans: Using BDC., LSMW,,ALE.,
BAPI 2. Ans: Collect: it adds the numeric fields to the existing non numeric key field records.,
thereby avoiding duplicate values., and append will simply adds the record 3 . Ans: The CTS
contains work bench organizer and transport system : The workbench organizer is used to record
and contol changes to the ABAP/4 development objects; The transport system is used to move
objects from an SAP dev.system to production system 6. Ans: Outbound interface is used to send
IDocs to the ALE server., Inbound interface is used to Analyse the received Idoc. 7. Ans: We
(ABAPers) don't do. 8. Ans: se09 or se10 13. Ans: MATMAS CREMAS DEBMAS GLMAST etc...
14. Ans: to display records in table format., we use in Screens 15. Ans: we assign the field
content at run time with ASSIGN stmt. Satish D 1. goto se16 u can view the table contents 2.
collect will collects all the numeric fields of nonnumeric field values append will append record at
the end of table 3. when we are creatiing new task like dev. a new prg.. after completion of dev.
that will be trnsported to testing system or production system to do that we are assigning an
transport request from our dev.class(system) by using se09 4. badis are dev. by class and
inheritence methods where as user exitsdev by SAP only and empty shells filled wit user logic 5.
go to system then status 6. outbound generating an idoc in ale layer with
master_idoc_create_messgetype, inbound is receivng system with idoc_inbound_process, gives
an return variable wether it is sucess or not 7. no we have to configur that 8. go to se09 or se01
there write your task no and use release button it will asks whats the other system name and
number enter them and relase by pressing jeep button 9. inquiry quotation sales order shipping
delivery invoice return goods 12. after creation of delivry note invoice is prepared 13.
master_idoc_distribute will generate standard idoc Deepti I am enclosing some of answers which
I know. 1. We can use t.Code SE16 to enter values into table only if table maintainence is allowed
for that table. 2. Append will add new entries into the table where as collect add into the numeric
type fields if other charatcer fields matches to your selection criteria. 3. CTS used for creation of
ABAP development transport requests.The transaction code for this is SE10. 4. UserExits r used
for adding additional functionality to the existing SAP standard transactions.Using UserExits we
can add additional functionality standard SAP functionality without making any changes to the
original code.BADI is a standardized interface for ABAP sources that enables partners and
customers to enhance SAP-delivered programs in their namespace. 5 .We can identify User exits
by using transactions CMOD and SMOD. 6. After entering transaction code SE10 select the
transport request which u want to transport and click on transport icon(Truck symbol) to release it.
10. Purchase Requistion->RFQ->Vendor Evaluation->Purchase Order(ME21). 14. Table control
is the only facility provide thru dialog programming when we come acrosse the use of updating
standared,deletion,insertion and all database operations. 15. Field symbols r pointers to the
existing data types(like 'C') which does not allocate any memory space. These are used faster
access of data. Answers to some ABAP Interview Questions: Questions which I have faced in an
interview: 1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this? 2) What is meant by performance
analysis? Have done anything to improve the performance? 3) How to transfer the objects? Have
to transferred any objects? 4) How did you test the developed objects? 5) What is the difference
between SAP Memory and ABAP Memory? 6) In order to upload Purchase order details, how you
handle multiple values for a single field? Eg: Item field may contain no. of values for a record 7)
What is the procedure you followed to upload the data? 8) How did you handle errors in Call
Transaction? 9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster? 10) What are
the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports? 11) How to pass the variables to
forms? 12) How to create a link between modified form and modified print program? 13) What is
the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? 14) How did you
test the form u developed? How did you taken print? 15) What are Standard Texts? 16) What is
the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? 17) What is pf-status? 18) Among
"Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one? 19) What are the output type and
Tcodes? 20) Where we use Chain and Endchain? 21) Do you use select statement in loop
endloop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance? 22) In select-options, how
to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and
31/12/2004 Go thru these answers: 1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this? It's checks
program execution time in microseconds. When you go to se30.if you give desired program name
in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how much past is your program.
2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done 3) How to transfer the objects? Have you
transferred any objects? 4) How did you test the developed objects? I was testing a developed
object. There are two types of testing - Negative testing - Positive testing In negative testing we
will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs. In positive testing we will give
positive data in input for checking errors. 8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction? We
can create a internal table like 'bsgmcgcoll'. All the messages will go to internal table. We can get
errors in this internal table. Below messages are go to internal table. when you run the call
transaction. - Message type - Message id - Message Number - Variable1 - Variable2 - Variable3
9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster? Call transaction is faster
then session method. But usually we use session method in real time...because we can transfer
large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session. Process will
not complete until session get correct. 10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill
Down Reports? ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION
(double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move
through layers of information about individual items in a list. Drill down report is nothing but
interactive report...drilldown means above paragraph only. 11) How to pass the variables to
forms? 12) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and
forms? Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We
can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary). Which
contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? (I don't know). 13) How did you
test the form u developed? How did you taken print? 14) What are Standard Texts? 16) What is
the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? A pooled table is used to combine
several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be
assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Cluster table are logical tables that must be
assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data
they can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation. 17) What is pf-status?
Pf status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to se41, we can get
menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive
report. 18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one? I guess, 'move
corresponding' is very efficient then 'move' statement. Because usually we use this stamtent for
internal table fields only...so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other
place (what ever you want). 19) What are the output type and Tcodes? 20) Where we use Chain
and End chain? 21) Do you use select statement in loop end loop, how will be the performance?
To improve the performance? 22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current
month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004 SAP ABAP interview
questions Thanks to the reader who sent in this question set: 1. What is an ABAP data
dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in
application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in
tables/views. 2. What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for
describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the
value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table
fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
3. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and
must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data.
Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction.
While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how
many dependent records or how referenced records are possible. 4. Describe data classes.-
Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is
often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when
the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system
needs for itself. 5. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table
reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to
the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of
the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are
created automatically with it in the database. 6. Difference between transparent tables and pooled
tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the
table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has
the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables.
Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the
database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the
database level. 7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate
simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports:
Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average,
Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer
has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or
without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a
query on the functional group generated. 8. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of
large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a
automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of
the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups
associated data into “sessions”. 9. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?-
These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer
successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the
client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used
to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close
the batch input session. 10. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type
object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table
calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables
according to users need. 11. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet
Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which
converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of
ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction
components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in
the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be
utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime. 12. What is DynPro?- DynPro is a
Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is
also called as DynPro. 13. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen
painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI
screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of
Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status,
menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters.
Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications. 14.
What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which
has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets.
- Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats,
Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header,
paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program. 15. What is ALV programming in ABAP?
When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV
(ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a
report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report
output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255
characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns
and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report
display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a
report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of
display options. 16. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen,
Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command,
At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST. 17. What is CTS and what do you know about
it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development
projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between
the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an
overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your
system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this
documentation when planning your development project. 18. What are logical databases? What
are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database tables
we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related
tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is
complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for
database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view
determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in
the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the
code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or
an END-OF-SELECTION). 19. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an
intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored
in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and
how next screen is processed. 20. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be
followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample
data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the
data from the source file. 21. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms
using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms
developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution. 22. How can I make a
differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent or independent
transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests.
Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client
independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the
object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on,
then that transport will be client dependent. 23. What is the difference between macro and
subroutine? - Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the
definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both
the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation
for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine
(which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external.
Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them,
but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the
subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION. Please check
these links. http://www.sap-img.com/abap/abap-interview-question.htm http://www.sap-
img.com/abap/answers-to-some-abap-interview-questions.htm
http://sap.ittoolbox.com/documents/document.asp?i=3240 http://www.techinterviews.com/?p=198