(1) How are network resources organized ?

ANS:-

Network Management

Network management is more important today than ever before, due to the complexity of
modern networks and the addition of networked applications. Learn about network
management topics like performance management, network monitoring, applications
management, protocol analysis, selecting network management software and tools, and
change and configuration management.

Network Security

Network security is a critical aspect of building and maintaining enterprise networks.

Ensure secure networks with strategies including authentication and encryption, firewall
and packet filtering, network access control, intrusion detection and prevention, wireless
security, and how to choose and deploy network security products.

Networking Careers

Networking careers can be challenging and rewarding. In this section you'll learn about
salaries, network certifications, training programs, and project management strategies to
further your networking career.

Routing & Switching

Routing and switching and the hardware that supports them form the core of any network.
Learn about network routers and switches, including choosing hardware, router and
switch configuration, working with IOS, IP addressing, and cabling and supporting
infrastructure.

Wireless Networking

Wireless networks and mobility are proliferating in the corporate network and enabling
many vertical applications. Networking professionals need to know about wireless LAN
(WLAN) equipment, WLAN implementation, wireless security, managing wireless
networks, wireless standards, wireless WANs, and voice over WLAN -- and they'll find it
here.

Resources for Network Effectiveness:- For the effective resources organization we also have to
follow the following:-

1.New to Networks

2. Starting a Network
3. Technology and Communications Resources

4. Advanced Resources

(2) Give some advantages of a client server system using LAN?

ANS:-

Advantages of client server system .

• Scalability - It increases the scalability because any element can be upgraded easily as
when it needed according to the need.
• Flexibility – This makes system very flexible in order new technology can be easily
integrated into the system.
• Interoperability - all components (clients, network, servers) work together
• Centralized resources: As we know that given the server is the centre of the network, it
can manage resources that are common to all users. It access, resources, and data security
are controlled through the server.

For example: a central database would be used to avoid problems caused by redundant
and inconsistent data.

• Scalable network:- it is possible to remove or add clients without affecting the operation
of the network and without the need for major modification

(3) List some of the ways representing both of the network reference models are same, also
Mention some in which they differ?
ANS: - Difference between OSI AND TCP/IP MODELS are as follows:-

TCP/IP OSI
1. It is defined as the advent of the 1) It is defined before the advent of the
internet internet.
2. It will properly defined the service 2) All the service interface and protocols
interface and protocols were not are clearly distinguished.
clearly distinguished before
3. It would properly support the working 3) OSI model will not support proper
of the internet. working of the internet.
4. TCP/IP model is loosely layered. 4) OSI model is strictly layering.
5. It includes the protocol dependant 5) In this model protocol are of
standard. independent standard.
6. This model is more credible. 6) This is less credible.
7. TCP reliably delivers packets and IP 7) In OSI Model all the packets are
does not reliably deliver packets. reliably delivered.
(4) Internet and its predecessor had four main applications. Explain all of them?
ANS:-

The Internet was first developed In the 1950s and early 1960s as a computer networking
method by Project RAND as a means to support collaboration among other researchers. The
development of Internet technology is fast. Would you believe that according to a forecast
released by Jupiter Research, about 22 percent of the world population will regularly use the
Internet by 2011?

The Internet was created some 40 years ago. First it was military's experimental network named
ARPANET which later linked with all top universities, research labs and the government. The
network became public in 1990, and by the '94, ISPs were starting to sell access to it. If you want
to say that the Internet has a predecessor, then it will be ARPANET.

1.1 Basic Applications:-

• E-mail

• Web

• File transfer

1.2 PUST

(1) Teaching

• Download of teaching material

• Remote class

• Remote facility access

(2) Research

• Research collaboration meeting

• Remote thesis supervision

(3) Digital library

• Journal access

• Database access

1.3 Knowledge industry complex and research institutes

 • (Remote) Meeting

• File transfer (software, document)

(5) Draw a diagram that shows the various software components that resides in user’s client
Workstation in a network?
ANS:-

(6) Give me list of some protocols of each layer of OSI and TCP reference model.
ANS: - Some of the protocols of each layer of the OSI and TCP model are as follows:-

Data Link Layer:-

ARP/RARP: - ARP/RARP Address Resolution Protocol/Reverse Address
DCAP: - Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol

Network Layer:-
DHCP:- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
ICMP:-Internet Control Message Protocol
IGMP:-Internet Group Management Protocol
IP:-Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
PIM: - Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)
RIP2:- Routing Information Protocol
RSVP: - Resource Reservation setup Protocol

Transport Layer:-
TALI: - Transport Adapter Layer Interface
TCP: - Transmission Control Protocol
UDP: - User Datagram Protocol

Session Layer:-
BGMP: - Border Gateway Multicast Protocol
DNS: - Domain Name Service

Application Layer:-
COPS: - Common Open Policy Service
FANP: - Flow Attribute Notification Protocol
FTP: - File Transfer Protocol
HTTP:- Hypertext Transfer Protocol
POP3:- Post Office Protocol version 3
RLOGIN: - Remote Login

(7) You are supposed to design a lab of 50 computers which network topology you will
Implement and why? Also draw a simple blueprint of your plan.

The topology which is used for this purpose is BUS. Because in the lab the system there is one
server and all the computer are attached with it for the communication and these can also share
memory and resource.

For example:

MAIN C1 C2 C3

SERVER

C7
C4 C5 C6

C8 C10
C9