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PUSAT PERBUKUAN

Departemen Pendidikan Nasional


i
Hak Cipta pada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
Dilindungi Undang-undang

Pintar Bermatematika
Matematika untuk SD Kelas 4

Penulis : Irwan Kusdinar


Zikri
Penyunting : Effendi
Penata Letak : Sufyan
Desain Sampul : Irfansyah
Ukuran Buku : 21 x 29,7 cm

372.7
IRW IRWAN Kusdinar
p Pintar Matematika 4: Untuk SD/MI Kelas 4,
penulis, Irwan Kusdinar, Zikri ; penyunting, Effendi
-- Jakarta : Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2009.
viii, 210 hlm. : ilus. ; 30 cm.

Bibliografi : hlm. 207-208


Indeks
ISBN 978-979-068-567-3 (no. jilid lengkap)
ISBN 978-979-068-571-0
1. Matematika-Studi dan Pengajaran
2. Matematika-Pendidikan Dasar
I. Judul II. Irwan Kusdinar III. Effendi

Hak Cipta Buku ini dibeli oleh Departemen Pendidikan Nasional


dari Penerbit Leuser Cita Pustaka, PT

Diterbitkan oleh Pusat Perbukuan


Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
Tahun 2009

Diperbanyak oleh ....

ii
Kata Sambutan

Puji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya,
Pemerintah, dalam hal ini, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, pada tahun 2009, telah
membeli hak cipta buku teks pelajaran ini dari penulis/penerbit untuk disebarluaskan
kepada masyarakat melalui situs internet (website) Jaringan Pendidikan Nasional.
Buku teks pelajaran ini telah dinilai oleh Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan dan telah
ditetapkan sebagai buku teks pelajaran yang memenuhi syarat kelayakan untuk digunakan
dalam proses pembelajaran melalui Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 9 Tahun
2009 tanggal 12 Februari 2009
Kami menyampaikan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada para penulis/
penerbit yang telah berkenan mengalihkan hak cipta karyanya kepada Departemen
Pendidikan Nasional untuk digunakan secara luas oleh para siswa dan guru di seluruh
Indonesia.
Buku-buku teks pelajaran yang telah dialihkan hak ciptanya kepada Departemen
Pendidikan Nasional ini, dapat diunduh (down load), digandakan, dicetak, dialihmediakan,
atau difotokopi oleh masyarakat. Namun, untuk penggandaan yang bersifat komersial
harga penjualannya harus memenuhi ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah.
Diharapkan bahwa buku teks pelajaran ini akan lebih mudah diakses sehingga siswa dan
guru di seluruh Indonesia maupun sekolah Indonesia yang berada di luar negeri dapat
memanfaatkan sumber belajar ini.

Kami berharap, semua pihak dapat mendukung kebijakan ini. Kepada para siswa
kami ucapkan selamat belajar dan manfaatkanlah buku ini sebaik-baiknya. Kami menyadari
bahwa buku ini masih perlu ditingkatkan mutunya. Oleh karena itu, saran dan kritik sangat
kami harapkan.

Jakarta, Juni 2009

Kepala Pusat Perbukuan

iii
Kata Pengantar

Matematika mempunyai peranan penting dalam berbagai Ilmu Pengetahuan dan


memajukan daya pikir manusia. Untuk itu, mempelajari materi memberikan banyak manfaat
untuk siswa, salah satunya siswa bisa berpikir logis dan sistematis. Setiap apa yang
akan dilakukan siswa akan diperhitungkan terlebih dahulu. Sehingga siswa bisa lebih
berhati-hati dalam mengambil suatu tindakan.
Anugerah yang Tuhan berikan sungguh besar. Salah satunya memberikan kami
kesehatan sehingga buku “Pintar Bermatematika” dapat diterbitkan. Buku ini disesuaikan
dengan Standar Isi sehingga Standar Kompetensi dan Kompetensi Dasar yang harus
dicapai siswa diuraikan secara terperinci.
Buku “Pintar Bermatematika” menyajikan matematika yang nyata sehingga mudah
dipahami siswa dan menjadikan siswa dekat dengan matematika. Pada buku ini terdapat
Pendahuluan sebagai pengantar untuk siswa dalam mempelajari buku ini. Selain itu,
Latihan dapat melatih siswa mempelajari subbab, siswa pun belajar untuk mengerjakan
soal matematika dengan cara membuktikannya melalui Tugas. Siswa diharapkan dapat
bersosialisasi dan melakukan kegiatan dalam Aktivitas Siswa. Buku ini diakhiri dengan
Terapan Matematika yang merupakan penerapan materi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari,
refleksi dari materi yang dipelajari dalam Refleksi. Tidak lupa ringkasan materi setiap
bab dalam Rangkuman dan kumpulan soal-soal untuk mengulang pemahaman siswa
dalam Mari Mengulang.
Semoga buku “Pintar Bermatematika” ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca, khususnya
siswa SD/MI kelas IV.

Jakarta, Oktober 2008

iv
Bagaimana menggunakan buku
ini?

Pendahuluan, merupakan
Bab pertanyaan pengantar anak untuk
1 Sifat Operasi
Hitung Bilangan mempelajari bab tersebut dan
tujuan pembelajarannya

Ilustrasi, mempermudah siswa


dalam mempelajari materi

Di sebuah toko terdapat 30 dus mi. Melatih siswa setelah


Tiap dus berisi 40 mi.
Berapa bungkus mi yang ada di toko tersebut? mempelajari subbab atau uraian
Latihan yang disajikan terangkum dalam
A.
1.
Isilah titik-titik di bawah ini.
8:9
...
= ...
— 6.
...
21 : 13 = —
... Latihan
... ...
2. 10 : 11 = — ... 7. 12 : 7 =—...
... ...
3. 12 : 15 = — ... 8. 15 : 9 = —...
... ...
4.
5.
17 : 18 = —
19 : 20 = —
...
...
...
9.
10.
16 : 7 = —...
...
18 : 10 = —
...
Siswa belajar sendiri untuk
mengerjakan soal matematika
B. Kerjakanlah soal-soal berikut ini.
1. Dina memiliki 7 kue berbentuk lingkaran. Ia ingin membagikan kepada 9 orang dengan cara membuktikannya,
temannya dengan bagian sama besar. Berapa bagian kue yang diperoleh
masing-masing temannya? lalu menyimpulkan di dalam
2. Adi memiliki 2 pizza berbentuk lingkaran. Ia ingin membagikan kepada 7 orang
temannya dengan bagian sama besar. Berapa bagian kue yang diperoleh
masing-masing temannya?
Tugas
3. Rina memiliki 9 apel. Ia ingin membagikan kepada 7 orang teman sekelasnya
dengan bagian yang sama besar. Berapa bagian apel yang diperoleh masing-
masing teman Rina?
4. Pak Darman memiliki 13 karung beras. Ia akan membagikan kepada 20 fakir
miskin dengan bagian yang sama banyak. Berapa karung beras yang diperoleh
fakir miskin?
5. Yadi memiliki 15 potong roti yang sama panjang. Ia ingin memberi 10 orang
teman bermainnya dengan bagian yang sama besar. Berapa bagian roti yang
diperoleh masing-masing teman Yadi?
Tugas

1. Sebutkanlah sifat-sifat dari segitiga sama kaki.


2. Sebutkanlah sifat-sifat dari segitiga siku-siku.
3. Sebutkanlah sifat-sifat dari segitiga sama sisi.

Siswa belajar untuk


1. Menemukan Keliling Segitiga

Untuk menemukan rumus keliling segitiga, lakukan kegiatan berikut.


mengemukakan pendapat
dalam berdiskusi sehingga
Aktivitas Matematika
1. Sediakan selembar kertas karton, tali benang, dan jarum pentul.
persoalan matematika yang
Kemudian, buatlah sebuah segitiga siku-siku pada kertas karton
tersebut. ada dapat terselesaikan
dengan cara
mempraktikkannya dalam
Aktivitas Siswa
2. Lilitkan benang mengelilingi sisi-sisi segitiga. Tahanlah benang pada satu pojokan
menggunakan jarum pentul.

v
Terapan Matematika

Bangun jajargenjang dan segitiga dapat digunakan untuk membangun rangka


bangunan. Contohnya, menara listrik tegangan tinggi (SUTET). Menara ini disusun
Terapan Matematika,
oleh beberapa segitiga dan juga jajargenjang. Pernahkah kamu melihatnya?
Selain pada menara SUTET, bangun ini dapat digunakan juga untuk menopang
merupakan penerapan materi
jembatan besi. Di bawah jembatan, besi-besi disusun dalam bentuk segitiga dan
jajargenjang.
yang dipelajari dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari agar siswa

Sumber: www.google.co.id

Sumber: www.google.co.id
memahami kehidupannya tidak
jauh dari matematika

Rangkuman Ringkasan materi yang telah


1. Jajargenjang memiliki keliling = (2
miring).
panjang alas + 2) (panjang sisi
dipelajari terangkum dalam
2.
3.
Luas jajargenjang = panjang alas tinggi
Keliling segitiga = Jumlah panjang ketiga sisinya.
Rangkuman
4. Keliling segitiga sama sisi = 3 sisi
1
5. Luas segitiga = — alas tinggi
2

Refleksi, merupakan refleksi dari


Refleksi
materi yang telah dipelajari pada
1. Temukanlah persamaan keliling dan luas jajargenjang berdasarkan caramu
sendiri. bab tersebut
2. Temukanlah persamaan keliling dan luas segitiga berdasarkan caramu sendiri.
3. Sebutkan contoh lain yang merupakan penerapan segitiga dan jajargenjang
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Mari Mengulang Bab 2 Mari Mengulang,


A. Isilah titik-titik pada soal berikut dengan singkat. merupakan kumpulan soal-
1.
2.
Faktor dari 12 adalah 1, 2, …, …, …, 12.
Kelipatan dari 8 adalah 8, 16, …, …, …, …, …, …, …, ….
soal untuk mengulang
3. Terdapat dua kelipatan berikut: pemahaman siswa pada bab
4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, …
5 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, …
yang telah dipelajari
Kelipatan persekutuan dari 4 dan 5 adalah 20, …, ….

B. Berilah tanda (X) pada jawaban yang benar.


1. Kelipatan persekutuan dari 2 dan 7 adalah ….
a. 1, 2, …
b. 1, 14, …
c. 1, 21, …
2. Faktor persekutuan terbesar dari 18 dan 14 adalah ….
a. 2
b. 7
c. 14
3. 10, 20, 30, 40, ….
Kelipatan di atas adalah kelipatan persekutuan dari .…
a. 2 dan 5
b. 7 dan 9
c. 11 dan 14
4. KPK dari 20 dan 24 adalah ….
a. 80
b. 120
c. 140
5. FPB dari 12 dan 18 adalah ….
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
6. FPB dan KPK dari 18 dan 48 adalah ….
a. 6 dan 144 b. 8 dan 120 c. 10 dan 220

70 Pintar Bermatematika untuk SD/MI Kelas 4

vi
Daftar Isi
Kata Sambutan ........................................................................................... iii
Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................... iv
Bagaimana menggunakan buku ini? ............................................................ v
Daftar Isi ...................................................................................................... vii

Bab 1 Sifat Operasi Hitung Bilangan


A. Mengenal Sifat Operasi Hitung Bilangan ................................. 2
B. Bilangan 1.000 sampai 50.000 ............................................... 16
C. Perkalian Bilangan .................................................................. 25
D. Pembagian Bilangan .............................................................. 31
E. Operasi Hitung Campuran ....................................................... 36
F. Penaksiran dan Pembulatan ................................................... 39
G. Permasalahan yang Melibatkan Uang ..................................... 45
Mari Mengulang Bab 1 ................................................................ 51

Bab 2 Faktor dan Kelipatan


A. Faktor dari Suatu Bilangan ...................................................... 54
B. Kelipatan Suatu Bilangan ........................................................ 57
C. Faktor Persekutuan Terbesar (FPB) ........................................ 60
D. Kelipatan Persekutuan Terkecil (KPK) ..................................... 61
E. Masalah yang Berkaitan dengan KPK dan FPB ...................... 62
Mari Mengulang Bab 2 ................................................................ 66

Bab 3 Pengukuran
A. Sudut ...................................................................................... 70
B. Waktu ..................................................................................... 85
C. Panjang .................................................................................. 89
D. Berat ....................................................................................... 92
E. Permasalahan yang Berkaitan dengan Waktu, Panjang,
dan Berat ................................................................................ 94
F. Satuan Ukuran Kuantitas ......................................................... 96
Mari Mengulang Bab 3 ................................................................ 99

Bab 4 Jajargenjang dan Segitiga


A. Keliling dan Luas Jajargenjang ................................................ 102
B. Keliling dan Luas Segitiga ...................................................... 107
C. Masalah yang Berkaitan dengan Keliling dan
Luas Jajargenjang dan Segitiga .............................................. 114
Mari Mengulang Bab 4 ................................................................ 118

vii
Uji Kemampuan 1 ..................................................................................... 121

Bab 5 Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat


A. Mengenal Bilangan Bulat ......................................................... 124
B. Membaca dan Menulis Lambang Bilangan Bulat ..................... 125
C. Membandingkan Bilangan Bulat .............................................. 127
D. Mengurutkan Bilangan Bulat .................................................... 128
E. Penjumlahan Bilangan Bulat .................................................... 129
F. Pengurangan Bilangan Bulat ................................................... 135
G. Operasi Hitung Campuran Bilangan Bulat ............................... 139
Mari Mengulang Bab 5 ................................................................ 142

Bab 6 Bilangan Pecahan


A. Pengertian Pecahan dan Urutannya ........................................ 146
B. Menyederhanakan Pecahan .................................................... 156
C. Menjumlahkan Pecahan .......................................................... 160
D. Mengurangkan Pecahan ......................................................... 163
E. Menyelesaikan Masalah yang Berkaitan dengan Pecahan ...... 166
Mari Mengulang Bab 6 ................................................................ 169

Bab 7 Bilangan Romawi


A. Lambang Bilangan Romawi .................................................... 172
B. Mengubah Bilangan Cacah menjadi Bilangan Romawi
atau Sebaliknya ...................................................................... 173
Mari Mengulang Bab 7 ................................................................ 176

Bab 8 Bangun Ruang Sederhana dan Hubungan Antarbangun Datar


A. Bangun Ruang Sederhana ...................................................... 180
B. Jaring-Jaring Kubus dan Balok ............................................... 184
C. Benda dan Bangun Datar Simetris .......................................... 187
D. Pencerminan Bangun Datar .................................................... 193
Mari Mengulang Bab 8 ................................................................ 198

Uji Kemampuan 2 ..................................................................................... 201


Glosarium .................................................................................................. 203
Indeks ...................................................................................................... 205
Daftar Pustaka .......................................................................................... 207
Kunci Jawaban ......................................................................................... 209

viii
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: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
60" *":6"-"37"+"-"87"?":6"-"*"37"-"”+" ?"”
70" *";;"-"324+"-"”"?";;"-"*324"-"77+" ?"”
80" *"334"-"”+"-"6:"?"334"-"*"89"-"6:+" ?"”
90" *"”"-"435+"-"86"?";9"-"*"435"-"86+" ?"”
:0" *"446"-"324"+"-":9"?""”"-"*324""-":9+" ?"”
;0" *"576"-"33;+"-"4:"?""576"-"*”"-"4:+"?"”
320" *66:"-"578+"-";2"?"66:"-"*"”"-";2+" ?"”

Vwicu

Crcmcj" ukhcv" rgpignqorqmcp" dgtncmw" rcfc" qrgtcuk" rgpiwtcpicpA" Wpvwm"


ogpigvcjwk"lcycdcpp{c."eqdc"mcow"ugnkfkmk"qrgtcuk"rgpiwtcpicp"dgtkmwv0
*72"⁄"45+"⁄"32"?"000
72"⁄"*45"⁄"32+"?"000
Crcmcj"jcukn"rgpiwtcpicpp{c"ucocA
Crc"mgukorwncpowA

d0" Ukhcv"Rgpignqorqmcp"rcfc"Rgtmcnkcp
Eqdc"mcow"ugnkfkmk."crcmcj"ukhcv"rgpignqorqmcp"dgtncmw"rcfc"rgtmcnkcp0"
Rgtjcvkmcp"fwc"ectc"rgp{gnguckcp"rgtmcnkcp"ugectc"rgpignqorqmcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0
Dgtcrcmcj""6"î"34"î";"?"A
Cfc"fwc"ectc"wpvwm"ogp{gnguckmcpp{c0

C D
*6"î"34+"î";"?"6:"î";"?"654" 6"î"*34"î";+"?"6"î"32:"?"654

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*cuqukcvkh+0"

Vwicu

Crcmcj" ukhcv" rgpignqorqmcp" dgtncmw" rcfc" qrgtcuk" rgodcikcpA" Wpvwm"


ogpigvcjwk"lcycdcpp{c."eqdc"mcow"ugnkfkmk"qrgtcuk"rgodcikcp"dgtkmwv0
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72"<"*32"<"7+"?"72"<"4"?"”
Crcmcj"jcukn"rgodcikcpp{c"ucocA
Crc"mgukorwncpowA

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp ;
Ncvkjcp
C{q"iwpcmcp"ukhcv"rgpignqorqmcp"wpvwm"ogp{gnguckmcpp{c0
30" *33"î"5+"î"6""?"”"î"6" ?"”
40" 36"î"*37"î"4+"?"36"î"”"?"”
50" 43"î"*33"î"5+"?"43"î"”"?"”
60" 3;"î"*32"î"3+"?"3;"î"”"?"”
70" 44"î"*5"î"37+"?"44"î"”"?"”
80" 39"î"*7"î"47+"?"39"î"”"?"”
90" *4"î"32+"î"32"?"”"î"32"?"”
:0" *6"î"33+"î"34"?"”"î"34"?"”
;0" *39"î"3;+"î"6"?"”"î"6" ?"”
320" *3:"î"42+"î"7"?"”"î"7" ?"”

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Cict"mcow"ogpigvcjwk"ukhcv"rgp{gdctcp."c{q"egtocvk"wtckcp"dgtkmwv0

c0" Ukhcv"Rgp{gdctcp"rcfc"Rgtmcnkcp"fgpicp"Rgplwoncjcp
Fk"mgncu"5."mcow"uwfcj"ogorgnclctk"qrgtcuk"jkvwpi"ecorwtcp0"Okucnp{c."
rgplwoncjcp"fgpicp"rgtmcnkcp."rgplwoncjcp"fgpicp"rgodcikcp0"Ugmctcpi."
qrgtcuk"vgtugdwv"cmcp"fkwncpik"ncik0"Rgtjcvkmcp"eqpvqj"dgtkmwv0

Eqpvqj<
Vgtfcrcv"32"fwu"lgtwm"fcp"32"fwu"crgn0"Vkcr"fwu"lgtwm"dgtkuk"8"lgtwm"fcp"vkcr"
fwu"crgn"dgtkuk"9"crgn0"Dgtcrc"dcp{cm"dwcj"ugnwtwjp{cA"Wpvwm"ogorgtqngj"
lcycdcpp{c."rgtjcvkmcpncj"wtckcp"dgtkmwv0

32 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Ocukpi/ocukpi"lgpku"dwcj"cfc"32"fwu."vkcr"fwu"lgtwm"cfc"8"lgtwm"fcp"vkcr"
fwu"crgn"cfc"9"crgn0"Dcp{cmp{c"dwcj"fcrcv"fkjkvwpi"fgpicp"ectc<

" 32"î"*8"-"9+"?"000

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ukhcv"rgp{gdctcp."{ckvw< Cmw"fcrcv"
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fgpicp"ectc"ncpiuwpi<
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" """""" ?"352
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Lcfk."ugnwtwjp{c"cfc"352"dwcj0

Ncvkjcp
C{q"iwpcmcp"ukhcv"rgp{gdctcp"wpvwm"ogp{gnguckmcpp{c0
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40" 55"î"*7-"5+" ?" *55"î"”+"-"*55"î"”+
50" 64"î"*33"-";+" ?" *64"î"”+"-"*64"î"”+
60" 3;"î"*32"-":+"" ?" *3;"î"”+"-"*3;"î"”+
70" 59"î"*38"-"32+" ?" *”"î"”+"-"*”"î"”+

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 33
d0" Ukhcv"Rgp{gdctcp"rcfc"Rgtmcnkcp"fgpicp"Rgpiwtcpicp
Dcickocpcmcj" ukhcv" rgp{gdctcp" rcfc" rgtmcnkcp" fgpicp" rgpiwtcpicpA"
Wpvwm"ogocjcokp{c."rgtjcvkmcp"wtckcp"dgtkmwv0

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crgnA"Rgtjcvkmcpncj"ectc"ogp{gnguckmcpp{c0

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32"î"*9"⁄"8+"?""000

34 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Ectc"ogp{gnguckmcpp{c"fcrcv"ogpiiwpcmcp"
Cmw"fcrcv"
ukhcv"rgp{gdctcp."{ckvw<
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" """"""""" ?"32
" " ?"92"⁄"82
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Lcfk."ugnkukj"dwcj"lgtwm"fgpicp"dwcj"crgn"cfcncj"
32"dwcj0

Ncvkjcp
C{q"iwpcmcp"ukhcv"rgp{gdctcp"wpvwm"ogp{gnguckmcpp{c0
30" 47"î"*"7"⁄"6+" ?"*47"î"7+"⁄"*47"î"”+
40" 43"î"*"8"⁄"4+" ?"*43"î"”+"⁄"*43"î"”+
50" 58"î"*"9"⁄"7+" ?"*58"î"”+"⁄"*58"î"”+
60" 7;"î"*"87"⁄"77+" ?"*7;"î"”+"⁄"*7;"î"”+
70" ::"î"*"92"⁄"88+" ?"*”"î"”+"⁄"*”"î"”+

60" Ukhcv"Rgplwoncjcp"fcp"Rgpiwtcpicp"Dkncpicp"fgpicp"Dkncpicp"
Pqn
Lkmc"uwcvw"dkncpicp"fklwoncjmcp"cvcw"fkmwtcpimcp"fgpicp"dkncpicp"pqn."
jcuknp{c"vgvcr"dkncpicp"kvw"ugpfktk0"Rgtjcvkmcp"eqpvqj"dgtkmwv0
Eqpvqj
3"-"2"" ?"3
45"-"2" ?"45
44;"⁄"2" ?"44;

Uwcvw"dkncpicp"lkmc"fklwoncjmcp"cvcw"fkmwtcpimcp"
fgpicp"dkncpicp"pqn."jcuknp{c"vgvcr"dkncpicp"kvw"
ugpfktk0

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 35
Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" 47"-"2" ?"”" 80" 37"⁄"2" ?"”
40" 76"-"2" ?"”" 90" 89"⁄"2" ?"”
50" 332"-"2" ?"”" :0" 433"⁄"2" ?"”
60" 447"-"2" ?"”" ;0" 544"⁄"2" ?"”
70" 567"-"2" ?"”" 320" 667"⁄"2" ?"”

70" Ukhcv"Rgtmcnkcp"fgpicp"Dkncpicp"Pqn
Lkmc"uwcvw"dkncpicp"fkmcnkmcp"fgpicp"dkncpicp"pqn."jcuknp{c"cmcp"ogplcfk"
pqn0"Rgtjcvkmcpncj"eqpvqj"dgtkmwv0
Eqpvqj
7"î"2" ?"2
79"î"2" ?"2
324"î"2" ?"2
778"î"2" ?"2"

Lkmc"uwcvw"dkncpicp"fkmcnkmcp"fgpicp"pqn"*2+."
jcuknp{c"cfcncj"pqn"*2+0

Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" 57"î"2" ?"”" 80" 634"î"2" ?"”
40" 85"î"2" ?"”" 90" 678"î"2" ?"”
50" 334"î"2" ?"”" :0" 763"î"2" ?"”
60" 457"î"2" ?"”" ;0" 889"î"2""?"”
70" 588"î"2" ?"”" 320" 943"î"2" ?"”

Ukhcv/ukhcv"nckp"fctk"qrgtcuk"jkvwpi"{cpi"ognkdcvmcp"dkncpicp"pqn"cfcncj<
/" Lkmc"dkncpicp"pqn"fkdcik"qngj"uwcvw"dkncpicp."jcuknp{c"cmcp"vgvcr"pqn0
" Eqpvqj<"2"<"4;"?"2

36 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
/" Uwcvw"dkncpicp"fkdcik"qngj"pqn."jcuknp{c"vkfcm"fkfghkpkukmcp0
" Eqpvqj<
" 42"<"2"⇒ vkfcm"fkfghkpkukmcp

80" Ukhcv"Rgtmcnkcp"fgpicp"Dkncpicp"Ucvw
Okucnmcp."mcow"ogoknkmk"8"fwu"mwg0"Vkcr"fwu"dgtkuk"3"mwg0"Dgtcrc"lwoncj"
mwg"ugnwtwjp{cA

Cfc"8"fwu"dgtkuk"3"mwg0"Ctvkp{c.
8"î"3"?"8
Lcfk."dcp{cm"mwg"cfc"80
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3"î"8"?"8
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jcuknp{c"vgvcr"dkncpicp"kvw"ugpfktk0

Ugmctcpi."eqdc"mcow"mgtlcmcp"ncvkjcp"dgtkmwv0

Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" 7"î"3" ?"”" " 80" 3"î"669"?"”
40" 34"î"3" ?"”" " 90" 3"î"78;"?"”
50" 48"î"3" ?"”" " :0" 3"î"884"?"”
60" 325"î"3"?"”" " ;0" 3"î"997"?"”
70" 556"î"3"?"”" " 320" 3"î"::7"?"”

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 37
90" Ukhcv"Rgodcikcp"fgpicp"Dkncpicp"Ucvw
Ugvkcr" dkncpicp" {cpi" fkdcik" qngj" dkncpicp" 3." jcuknp{c" dkncpicp" kvw"
ugpfktk0
Eqpvqj<
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3;:"<"3"?"3;:

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30" 72"<"3" ?"”" 60" 765"<"3"?"”
40" 344"<3"?"”" 70" 556"<"3"?"”" " "
50" 485"<"3"?"”
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Ectcp{c<"vgmcp" 72 < 3 " ? " 000"

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Mcow"vgncj"ogpigpcn"dkncpicp"ucorck";;0"Ugmctcpi."mcow"cmcp"ogpigpcn"
dkncpicp"30222"ucorck"720222"fcp"wtwvcpp{c0

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c0" Ogodcec"Ncodcpi"Dkncpicp
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30222
40222

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vkic"tkdw gorcv"tkdw"fwc"
tcvwu

50222 60422

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cfc"vkic"rwnwj"tkdw

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30222

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mcpcp0

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 39
30" Dcickocpc"ogpwnkumcp"dkncpicp"ugtkdw"ugtcvwuA
Ectcp{c<
ugtkdw"ugtcvwu"?"ugtkdw"-"ugtcvwu
" " ?"30222"-"322"?"30322
40" Dcickocpc"ogpwnkumcp"dkncpicp"ugtkdw"ugtcvwu"ugrwnwjA
Ectcp{c<
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" ?"30222"-"322"-"32"?"30332
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Ectcp{c<
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" " " " ?"30222"-"322"-"32"-"3?"30333

60" Dgtfcuctmcp"wtckcp"fk"cvcu."ocmc"mcow"fcrcv"ogpwnkumcp"dkncpicp"ugtkdw"
ugtcvwu"gorcv"rwnwj"nkoc"ugdcick"dgtkmwv0
ugtkdw"ugtcvwu"gorcv"rwnwj"nkoc" ?"30222"-"322"-"62"-"7
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70" Dcickocpcmcj"ogpwnkumcp"ncodcpi"dkncpicp"ugrwnwj"tkdw"gpco"tcvwu"fwc"
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vkic"rwnwj"gorcvA
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-"52"-"6" " """"""" ?"540456

Ncvkjcp
C0" C{q"vwnku"ncodcpi"dkncpicp"dgtkmwv0
30" Vkic"dgncu"tkdw"fwc"tcvwu"?"350422
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70" Nkoc"rwnwj"tkdw"ucvw"?"”0

3: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
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30" 30224"?"”0" 80"" 320522"?"”0"
40" 40756"?"”0" 90" 350789"?"”0"
50" 50898"?"”0" :0" 470;:9"?"”0"
60" 70976"?"”0" ;0" 580345"?"”0
70" 80:;2"?"”0" 320" 6;08;5"?"”0"

40" Pknck"Vgorcv"
Rgtjcvkmcp"dkncpicp"dgtkmwv0
450789
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wdkp"wpvwm"ogpigvcjwk"pknck"vgorcvp{c0

3
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30222
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Pknck"vgorcv"fcrcv"fkdwcv"fcnco"dgpvwm"vcdgn"dgtkmwv"kpk0

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" 4" 5" 7" 8" 9

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450789

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50" 350564"?"”"rwnwj"tkdwcp"-"”"tkdwcp"-"”"tcvwucp"-"”"rwnwjcp"-"”"ucvwcp
60" 370;:9"?"”"rwnwj"tkdwcp"-"”"tkdwcp"-"”"tcvwucp"-"”"rwnwjcp"-"”"ucvwcp
70" 430789"?"”"rwnwj"tkdwcp"-"”"tkdwcp"-"”"tcvwucp"-"”"rwnwjcp"-"”"ucvwcp
80" 450567"?"”"rwnwj"tkdwcp"-"”"tkdwcp"-"”"tcvwucp"-"”"rwnwjcp"-"”"ucvwcp
90" 530:98"?"”"rwnwj"tkdwcp"-"”"tkdwcp"-"”"tcvwucp"-"”"rwnwjcp"-"”"ucvwcp
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320" 6;0;:;"?"”"rwnwj"tkdwcp"-"”"tkdwcp"-"”"tcvwucp"-"”"rwnwjcp"-"”"ucvwcp

50" Ogodcpfkpimcp"Dkncpicp
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302230

30222 30223

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Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 43
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ogoknkmk"mwdwu"ucvwcp"ngdkj"dcp{cm"fctkrcfc"dkncpicp"302220"
Eqpvqj
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4202220
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320222"?"3"rwnwj"tkdwcp"-"2"tkdwcp"-"2"tcvwucp"-"2"rwnwjcp"-"2"ucvwcp
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" c0" 60764" d0" 70:9;" e0" 80543
70" Dwncvmcp"dkncpicp/dkncpicp"dgtkmwv"mg"fcnco"tkdwcp"vgtfgmcv0
" c0" 5034:" d0" 60:94" e0" 7034;

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 65
50" Ogpcmukt"Jcukn"Rgplwoncjcp"fcp"Rgpiwtcpicp
Wpvwm"ogpcmukt"jcukn"rgplwoncjcp"fcp"rgpiwtcpicp."dkncpicp/dkncpicp"
{cpi" cmcp" fklwoncjmcp" fcp" fkmwtcpimcp" jctwu" fkdwncvmcp" vgtngdkj" fcjwnw0"
Rgtjcvkmcp"eqpvqj"dgtkmwv0

Eqpvqj<
30" Dwncvmcp" dkncpicp" dgtkmwv" mg" fcnco"
tcvwucp"vgtfgmcv."mgowfkcp"vcmuktncj"jcukn" 734" 722
rgplwoncjcp"734"-"5;50 5;5" 622
" 722"-"622"?";22
" Lcfk."vcmuktcp"fctk"rgplwoncjcp"734"-"5;5"
cfcncj";220

50567" 50222
60798" 70222

40" Dwncvmcp" dkncpicp" dgtkmwv" mg" fcnco" tkdwcp"


vgtfgmcv."mgowfkcp"vcmuktncj"jcukn"rgplwoncjcp"
50567"-"607980
" 50222"-"70222"?":0222
" Lcfk."vcmuktcp"fctk"rgplwoncjcp"50567"-"60798"
cfcncj":02220

50" Dwncvmcp" dkncpicp" dgtkmwv" mg" fcnco"


tcvwucp"vgtfgmcv."mgowfkcp"vcmuktncj"jcukn" :27" :22
rgpiwtcpicp":27"⁄"9360 936" 922
" :22"⁄"922"?"322
" Lcfk."vcmuktcp"fctk"rgplwoncjcp":27"⁄"936"
cfcncj"3220

66 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Dwncvmcpncj" dkncpicp" dgtkmwv" mg" fcnco" tcvwucp" vgtfgmcv." mgowfkcp"
vcmuktncj<
" c+" 697"-"5;:"≈"”0" f+" ;45"-":39"≈"”0
" d+" 947"/"749"≈"”0" g+" 3072;"/"9:8"≈"”0
" e+" 72:"/"59:"≈"”0
40" Dwncvmcpncj"dkncpicp"dgtkmwv"mg"fcnco"tkdwcp"vgtfgmcv."mgowfkcp"vcmuktncj<
" c+" 5048:"-"60837"≈"”0" f+" :0789"/"60987"≈"”0
" d+" 809:3"-"70::;"≈"”0" g+" ;0335"/"709:8"≈"”0
" e+" 90376"-"30546"≈"”0
50" Vcmuktncj"jcukn"qrgtcuk"jkvwpi"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"ogncmwmcp"rgodwncvcp"mgfcnco"
tcvwucp"vgtfgmcv0
" c+" 735"-"576"-"326"≈"”0" f+" 30465"/"587"/"98;"≈"”0
" d+" 964"-"823"/"4:9"≈"”0" g+" 403:8"/";24"-"59:"≈"”0
" e+" :39"-"7:3"/"4;;"≈"”0
60" Rcm"\cmctkc"dgvgtpcm"kvkm"fcp"c{co0"Dcp{cm"c{cop{c"cfcncj"45;."ugfcpimcp"
dcp{cm"kvkmp{c"\cmctkc"7890"Vcmuktncj"dcp{cm"vgtpcm"oknkm"Rcm"\cmctkc"fcnco"
tcvwucp0
70" Fcnco" uwcvw" rgtvcpfkpicp" ugrcm" dqnc" fkjcfktk" qngj" fwc" mwdw" rgpqpvqp0"
Mwdw"rgtvcoc"cfc"5078:"qtcpi."ugfcpimcp"mwdw"mgfwc"cfc"4034;"qtcpi0"
Vcmuktncj"lwoncj"rgpqpvqp"vgtugdwv"fcnco"tkdwcp0

I0 Rgtocucncjcp"{cpi"Ognkdcvmcp"Wcpi
Fcnco"mgjkfwrcp"ugjctk/jctk."wcpi"fkiwpcmcp"wpvwm"dgtdcick"mgrgtnwcp0"
Okucnp{c."wpvwm"ogodc{ct"dkc{c"ugmqncjow."ogodgnk"rgtngpimcrcp"ugmqncj."
fcp"ugdcickp{c0"Qngj"mctgpc"kvw."c{q"mkvc"dgnclct"vgpvcpi"wcpi0

30" Ogpigpcn"Wcpi"Ucorck"Tcvwu"Tkdwcp
c0" Ucvwcp"Pknck"Wcpi
Wcpi/wcpi"fk"dcycj"kpk"ogtwrcmcp"ucvwcp"wcpi"{cpi"dgtgfct"fk"ocu{ctcmcv0"
Dkcucp{c"wcpi"kpk"fkdwcv"fcnco"dgpvwm"wcpi"nqico"cvcw"wcpi"mgtvcu0

Nkoc"Rwnwj"Twrkcj Ugtcvwu"Twrkcj Fwc"Tcvwu"Twrkcj Nkoc"Tcvwu"Twrkcj

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 67
Ugtkdw"Twrkcj Nkoc"Tkdw"Twrkcj

Ugrwnwj"Tkdw"Twrkcj "Fwc"Rwnwj"Tkdw"Twrkcj

Nkoc"Rwnwj"Tkdw"Twrkcj "Ugtcvwu"Tkdw"Twrkcj

d0" Jwdwpicp"Cpvctucvwcp"Pknck"Wcpi
C{q"rgtjcvkmcp"eqpvqj"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"pknck"wcpi"dgtkmwv"kpk#

? -

" 322"twrkcj" ?" 72"twrkcj" -" 72"twrkcj


" " ?"" *4"î"72+"twrkcj
" Ugtcvwu"twrkcj"ugpknck"fgpicp"fwc"wcpi"nkoc"rwnwj"twrkcjcp0

40

? -

" 30222"twrkcj" ?" 722"twrkcj" -" 722"twrkcj"


" " " " " ?"*4"î"722+"twrkcj
" Ugtkdw"twrkcj"ugpknck"fgpicp"fwc"wcpi"nkoc"tcvwu"twrkcjcp0

68 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Fcrcvmcj" mcow" ogpgpvwmcp" jwdwpicp" wcpi" ugtkdwcp" fgpicp" wcpi"
ugtcvwucpA"Eqdcncj"mgtlcmcp"dgtucoc"vgocpow0
50
? -

" 420222"twrkcj" ?" 320222"twrkcj" -" 320222"twrkcj"


" " " " " ?"*4"î"320222+
Fwc" rwnwj" tkdw" twrkcj" ugpknck" fgpicp" fwc" wcpi" ugrwnwj" tkdw" twrkcjcp0"
Fcrcvmcj"mcow"ogpgpvwmcp"jwdwpicp"wcpi"fwc"rwnwj"tkdw"twrkcjcp"fgpicp"
wcpi"nkoc"tkdw"twrkcjcpA"Eqdcncj"mgtlcmcp"dgtucoc"vgocpow0

Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" 7222"twrkcj"?"*”"î"422+"twrkcj
40" 420222"twrkcj"?"*”"î"3222+"twrkcj
50"" 30222"twrkcj"?"*"”"î"72+"twrkcj
60" 420222"twrkcj"-"420222"twrkcj"-"320222"twrkcj"?"”"twrkcj
70" 420222"twrkcj"-"420222"twrkcj"-"420222"twrkcj"-"420222"twrkcj"-"420222"
twrkcj"?"*7"î"420222+"twrkcj"?"”"twrkcj"

40" Ectc"Ogpwnkumcp"Wcpi"Twrkcj
Dcickocpcmcj"ectc"ogpwnkumcp"wcpi"fgpicp"cvwtcp"dcmwA"Rgtjcvkmcpncj"
eqpvqj"ectc"ogpwnkumcp"wcpi"dgtkmwv"kpk#

Ugtcvwu"twrkcj"fkvwnku" Ugtkdw"fwc"tcvwu"twrkcj"fkvwnku" Fwc"rwnwj"tkdw"twrkcj"fkvwnku"


Tr322.22 Tr30422.22 Tr420222.22

Mcow"Rgtnw"Vcjw
ß" Ugdgnwo"ogpwnkumcp"pknck"wcpi."vwnkuncj"jwtwh"Tr"ngdkj"fcjwnw0
ß" Mgowfkcp."vwnkumcp"cpimc"pknck"wcpi"vcprc"cfc"urcuk"fgpicp"jwtwh"Tr0
ß" Ugncplwvp{c."vwnkumcp"mqoc"{cpi"fkkmwvk"fgpicp"fwc"cpimc"pqn"ugdcick"
vcodcjcp"fk"dgncmcpi"pknck"wcpi"*".22+0

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 69
Ncvkjcp
C0" Vwnkuncj"pknck"ocvc"wcpi"dgtkmwv0
30" Nkoc"tcvwu"twrkcj"fkvwnku"”0
40" Gpco"tkdw"vwlwj"tcvwu"twrkcj"fkvwnku"”0
50" Fwc"rwnwj"gpco"tkdw"twrkcj"fkvwnku"”0
60" Nkoc"rwnwj"vwlwj"tkdw"twrkcj"fkvwnku"”0
70" Ugtcvwu"nkoc"rwnwj"tkdw"twrkcj""fkvwnku"”0

D0" Vwplwmmcp"ocpc"rgpwnkucp"pknck"wcpi"{cpi"ucncj"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Tr"722.22" 80" Tr;0222" " "
40" Tr50672.22" 90" Tr"340;22.22" " "
50" Tr"40722.22" :0" Tr:20:22.22" "
60" Tr370422.22" ;0" Tr4220222.22" " "
70" Tr420522.22" 320" Tr4720222.22

E0" Vwnku"jwtwh"{cpi"fkegvcm"vgdcn"fcnco"dgpvwm"pknck"wcpi0
30" Fkpc"ogodgnk"ugdwcj"rwnrgp"ugjctic"fwc"tkdw"nkoc"tcvwu"twrkcj0
40" Rcm"Jcucp"ogplwcn"ugdwcj"vcu"ugjctic"nkoc"rwnwj"nkoc"tkdw"twrkcj0
50" Nkpc"ogorgtqngj"iclk"fctk"rgtwucjccpp{c"ugdguct"ugodkncp"tcvwu"tkdw"
twrkcj0
60" Rcm"Ycpfk"ogoknkmk"wcpi"ugdcp{cm"nkoc"tcvwu"tkdw"twrkcj0
70" Ikvc"rgtik"mg"Dcpm"Jgocv"wpvwm"ogpcdwpi0"Kc"cmcp"ogpcdwpi"wcpi"
ugdguct" vkic" tcvwu" tkdw" twrkcj0" Ugvgncj" ucorck" fk" Dcpm." Ikvc" fkuwtwj"
ogpikuk"hqtownkt"ugvqtcp"fgpicp"ogpwnkumcp"dcp{cm"wcpi"{cpi"cmcp"
fkvcdwpip{c0" Fcrcvmcj" mcow" ogodcpvw" Ikvc" wpvwm" ogpwnkumcp" pknck"
wcpi"vgtugdwvA

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Dgtucoc"vgocpow."ncmwmcpncj"rgplwcncp"dctcpi"dgtwrc<
ß" Dwmw
ß" Rgpukn
ß" Rgpijcrwu
Dgtkncj"mwkvcpuk"mgrcfc"vgocpow"{cpi"ogodgnk"dctcpiow0
Vwnkumcp"pknck"wcpip{c"fgpicp"cpimc"cvcw"dkncpicp"fcp"vwnkucp"cvcw"jwtwh0
Ncrqtmcp"jcukn"mgikcvcpow"mgrcfc"iwtwow0

6: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
80" Rgtocucncjcp"{cpi"Ognkdcvmcp"Wcpi
Rcfc"jctk"okpiiw."Tkpk"rgtik"dgtucoc"mcmcmp{c"dgtlwcncp"fk"Rcuct"Okpiiw0"
Tkpk" dgtjcukn" ogplwcn" ugrqvqpi" dclw" ugjctic" Tr770222.22" fcp" ugdwcj" vqrk"
ugjctic"Tr370722.220"Ugogpvctc"kvw."mcmcmp{c"dgtjcukn"ogplwcn"ugdwcj"vcu"
ugjctic"Tr920522.22"fcp"ugrcucpi"ugrcvw"ugjctic"Tr3420222.220"Dgtcrcmcj"
lwoncj"wcpi"{cpi"ogtgmc"fcrcvmcpA
Lcycd

" Dctcpi"{cpi"vgtlwcn" Jctic

" dclw" Tr""770222.22


" vqrk" Tr""370722.22
" vcu" Tr""920522.22
" ugrcvw" Tr3420222.22
" Lwoncj" Tr4820:22.22

Lwoncj"wcpi"{cpi"ogtgmc"fcrcvmcp"cfcncj<
Tr770222.22"-"Tr370722.22"-""Tr920522.22"-"Tr3420222.22"?"Tr4820:22.22
Lcfk."lwoncj"wcpi"{cpi"ogtgmc"fcrcvmcp"cfcncj"Tr4820:22.220

Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Fkmc" ogoknkmk" wcpi" ugdguct" Tr320222.220" Kc" ogpcdwpi" fk" Dw" Iwtw"
ugdguct"Tr40722.22"fcp"ogodc{ct"ctkucp"mgncu"Tr50222.220"Dgtcrc"
ukuc"wcpi"FkmcA
40" Dw" Hgpvk" ogodgnk" okp{cm" iqtgpi" ugjctic" Tr350222.22." iwnc" rcukt"
ugjctic"Tr470222.22"fcp"ucvw"fwu"ok"ugjctic"Tr670222.220"Dgtcrcmcj"
lwoncj"dgncplccp"Dw"HgpvkA
50" Ugqtcpi" rgfcicpi" dclw" ugjctic" Tr520222.22=" egncpc" ugjctic"
Tr650222.22=" fcp" ugrcvw" ugjctic" Tr3420222.220" Dgtcrc" wcpi" {cpi"
fkfcrcvmcp"qngj"rgfcicpi"vgtugdwvA
60" Dw" Gtpk" ogp{gycmcp" yclcp" ugjctic" Tr4:0222.22=" mqorqt" ugjctic"
Tr980222.22=" fcp" rkucw" ugjctic" Tr80722.220" Dgtcrc" wcpi" {cpi"
fkfcrcvmcp" Dw" Gtpk" lkmc" kc" ogp{gycmcp" 4" yclcp." 3" mqorqt." fcp" 6"
rkucwA
70" Fcpk"ogodgnk"ugdwcj"dwmw"rgnclctcp"Ocvgocvkmc"ugjctic"Tr420222.22="
dwmw"KRC"ugjctic"Tr3:0222.22="fcp"dwmw"dcjcuc"Kpfqpgukc"ugjctic"
Tr370222.220"Dgtcrcmcj"wcpi"{cpi"jctwu"fkdc{ctmcp"qngj"FcpkA

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 6;
Vgtcrcp"Ocvgocvkmc

Okg"fctk"rcdtkm"{cpi"cmcp"fkmktko"mg"rcuct/rcuct"

Sumber: iqqing0eq0kf
ugdgnwop{c" jctwu" fkmgocu" fwnw" mg" fcnco" fwu0"
Dkcucp{c"ucvw"fwu"kvw"dgtkuk"62"okg0"Lkmc"rgncpiicp"
ogogucp":22"ok."ocmc"kc"cmcp"ogpgtkoc":22"<"62"
?"42"fwu0

Tcpimwocp
30" Ukhcv"rgtvwmctcp"fcnco"rgplwoncjcp<"c"-"d"?"d"-"c
40" Ukhcv"rgtvwmctcp"fcnco"rgtmcnkcp"<"c"î"d"?"d"î"c
50" Ukhcv"rgpignqorqmmcp"*cuqukcvkh+"fcnco"rgplwoncjcp"<"*c"-"d+"-"e"?"c"-"*d"-"e+
60" Ukhcv"rgpignqorqmmcp"*cuqukcvkh+"fcnco"rgtmcnkcp"<"*c"î"d+"î"e"?"c"î"*d"î"e+
70" Ukhcv"rgp{gdctcp<"c"î"*d"-"e+"?"*c"î"d+"-"*c"î"e+
80" Pknck"vgorcv"uwcvw"dkncpicp<
" 3"4"7"0"8"9":

ucvwcp
rwnwjcp
tcvwucp
tkdwcp
rwnwj"tkdwcp
tcvwu"tkdwcp
90" Rgpcmuktcp"fcp"rgodwncvcp<
c0" Dwncvmcp"mg"dcycj"ogplcfk"2"lkmc"cpimc"ucvwcpp{c"3."4."5."fcp"60
d0" Dwncvmcp"mg"cvcu"lkmc"cpimc"ucvwcpp{c"7."8."9.":."fcp";0
:0" Rgpwnkucp"wcpi<
" Nkoc"Tkdw"Twrkcj"fkvwnku"Tr70222.22

Tghngmuk

Ugvgncj"ogorgnclctk"qrgtcuk"jkvwpi"dkncpicp."ocphccv"crc"{cpi"mcow"
rgtqngjA
c0" Crcmcj"mcow"fcrcv"ogplgncumcp"mgodcnk"ukhcv/ukhcv"qrgtcuk"jkvwpiA
d0" Crcmcj"mcow"fcrcv"ogpiwtwvmcp"dkncpicp"fctk"{cpi"vgtmgekn"cvcw"{cpi"
vgtdguctA
e0" Crcmcj"mcow"uwfcj"fcrcv"ogncmwmcp"rgpcmuktcp"fcp"rgodwncvcpA
f0" Crcmcj"mcow"fcrcv"ogp{gnguckmcp"ocuncj"{cpi"ognkdcvmcp"wcpiA

72 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Octk"Ogpiwncpi"Dcd"3

C0" Kukncj"vkvkm/vkvkm"rcfc"uqcn"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"ukpimcv0
30" Iwpcmcp"ukhcv"rgtvwmctcp<"62"-"336"?"”"-"”"?"0000
40" Iwpcmcp"ukhcv"rgpignqorqmmcp"<"*30453"-"40564+"-"443"?"”"-"*"”"-"”+"?"0000
50" Iwpcmcp"ukhcv"rgp{gdctcp<"43"î"*34"-"7+"?"*"”"î"”"+"-"*"”"î"”"+"?"0000

D0" Dgtkncj"vcpfc"*Z+"rcfc"lcycdcp"{cpi"dgpct0
30" 4:"<"6"î"7"?"”0
c0" 52" d0" 55" e0" 57"
40" 4"î"*58"-"334+"?"”0
c0" 3:6"" d0" 482" e0" 4;8
50" 78903460"Pknck"vgorcv"fctk"9"cfcncj"”0
c0" ucvwcp" " d0" tkdwcp" e0" tcvwu"tkdwcp
60" Rgodwncvcp"dkncpicp"45089:"mg"fcnco"tkdwcp"vgtfgmcv"cfcncj"”0
c0" 440222" d0" 450222" e0" 460222
70" Vcmuktcp"vgtdckm"fctk"34"-"4:"?"”0
c0" 57" " " d0" 62" e0" 64
80" Ectc"rgpwnkucp"wcpi"{cpi"dgpct"cfcncj"”0
c0" Tr80922.22" d0" Tr"80922.22" e0" Tr080922.22

90" Tr90222.22"-"Tr80772.22"?"”0
c0" Tr350772.22" d0" Tr360722.22" e0" Tr350272.22

E0" Lcycdncj"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"dgpct0
30"
534 5;: 674 43; 637 745

" Wtwvmcpncj"dkncpicp/dkncpicp"fk"cvcu"fctk"{cpi"vgtmgekn"mg"vgtdguct0

40" Dgtcrcmcj"jcukn"vcmuktcp"fctk"rgplwoncjcp"dgtkmwv<
c0" 56"-"4;"≈"0000" d0" 65"-"55"≈"0000" e0" 456"-"567"≈"0000" "

50" Jkvwpincj"fgpicp"ectc"dgtuwuwp"rgpfgm"fcp"ectc"dgtuwuwp"rcplcpi0
c0" 564"î"46"" d0"" 68:"î"57"" e0" 66"î"763"
60""Ugdwvmcpncj"pcoc"dkncpicp"dgtkmwv<
c0" 56089:" " d0" 456078;" e0" 76403;4

Dcd"3"/"Ukhcv"Qrgtcuk"Jkvwpi"Dkncpicp 73
70" Kukncj"vkvkm/vkvkm"fkdcycj"kpk"fgpicp"vcpfc"›>›"cvcw"›@fi0
c0" 9:0764"”"9:0765"
d0" :;089:"”":;0763"
e0" 5780678"”"5890;:3

F0" Ugnguckmcpncj" uqcn/uqcn" dgtkmwv" kpk0" Iwpcmcp" ncpimcj/ncpimcj"


rgogecjcp"ocucncj"ocvgocvkmc0
30" Dw"Octpk"dgtdgncplc"mg"rcuct0"Kc"ogodgnk"iwnc"Tr370922.22="okp{cm"iqtgpi"
Tr360722.22="vgorg"Tr50872.220"Vcmuktncj"dgtcrc"jctic"ugnwtwj"dgncplccp"
Dw"Octpk0
40" Rcm"Fctocp"ogoknkmk"7"rgvcm"mqnco"kmcp0"Vkcr"mqnco"dgtkuk"62"kmcp"ocu"
fcp"42"kmcp"owlckt0"Cfc"dgtcrc"lwoncj"kmcp"Rcm"Fctocp"ugowcp{cA
50" Tgpc"ogoknkmk"82"rwnrgp0"Kc"kpikp"ogodcikmcpp{c"mgrcfc"34"qtcpi"vgocp"
ugmgncup{c"fgpicp"ucoc"dcp{cm0"Dgtcrc"dcp{cm"rwnrgp"{cpi"fkvgtkoc"
qngj"ocukpi/ocukpi"vgocp"TgpcA
60"

" Fk"uwcvw"vqmq"fklwcn""rcmgv"crgn"dgtkuk"42"ugjctic"Tr720222.22"fcp""rcmgv"
crgn"dgtkuk"52"dwcj"ugjctic"Tr820222.220"Crgn"ocpcmcj"{cpi"ngdkj"owtcj"
fcp"rcmgv"crgn"ocpcmcj"{cpi"ngdkj"dcp{cmA
70" Dwcvncj"vkic"dwcj"egtkvc"fctk"qrgtcuk"jkvwpi"dgtkmwv<
" " " " 3:"î"*"46"-"334+"?"4066:

74 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Dcd
4 Hcmvqt"fcp"Mgnkrcvcp

Rcm"Mct{q"fcp"Rcm"Jwugp"ocnco"kpk"dgtqpfc"ocnco"dgtucoc0
Rcm"Mct{q"dgtqpfc"ocnco"ugvkcr"7"jctk"ugmcnk0"Ugfcpimcp."Rcm"Jwugp"
dgtqpfc" ocnco" ugvkcr" 6" jctk" ugmcnk0" Rcfc" ocnco" mcrcp" ncik." ogtgmc" cmcp"
dgtqpfc"dgtucocA

Mcow"cmcp"dgnclct

Ogpiiwpcmcp"hcmvqt"fcp"mgnkrcvcp"fcnco"rgogecjcp"ocucncj0

Dcd"4"/"Hcmvqt"fcp"Mgnkrcvcp 75
C0 Hcmvqt"fctk"Uwcvw"Dkncpicp
Crc" {cpi" fkocmuwf" fgpicp" hcmvqt" fctk" uwcvw" dkncpicpA" Dcickocpcmcj"
ectc"ogpgpvwmcpp{cA"C{q"egtocvk"rgplgncucp"dgtkmwv"kpk0

30" Rgpigtvkcp"Hcmvqt"Dkncpicp
Rgtjcvkmcp"dcp{cm"crgn"dgtkmwv0

hcmvqt""î"hcmvqt"?"jcukn"mcnk

"7""î""6"?"42

42"cfcncj"jcukn"mcnk"fctk"6"fcp"70
6"fcp"7"fkugdwv"hcmvqt"fctk"420
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30" Dw" Octpk" fcp" Dw" Ycvk" dgtockp" dcfokpvqp" dgtucoc/ucoc" rcfc" jctk"
ugncuc0"Dw"Octpk"dgtockp"dcfokpvqp"ugvkcr"5"jctk"ugmcnk."ugfcpimcp"
Dw"Ycvk"ugvkcr"6"jctk"ugmcnk0"Mcrcp"ogtgmc"cmcp"dgtockp"dcfokpvqp"
ugectc"dgtucoc/ucoc"ncik"wpvwm"{cpi"mgfwc"mcnkp{cA
40" Rcfc"ugdwcj"ncorw"jkcu."ncorw"dgtyctpc"ogtcj"ogp{cnc"ugvkcr"5"fgvkm."
ugfcpimcp"ncorw"yctpc"mwpkpi"ogp{cnc"ugvkcr"7"fgvkm0"Lkmc"fkjkvwpi"
ownck"fctk"2"fgvkm."ocmc"rcfc"fgvkm"mg"dgtcrc"mgfwc"ncorw"cmcp"ogp{cnc"
ugectc"dgtucoccp"ncikA

Dcd"4"/"Hcmvqt"fcp"Mgnkrcvcp 85
50" Tkpk"dgtqncjtcic"rcik"ugvkcr"7"jctk"ugmcnk."ugfcpimcp"Cpvqp"ugvkcr"9"jctk"
ugmcnk0"Lkmc"ugmctcpi"ogtgmc"dgtqncjtcic"dgtucoc/ucoc."dgtcrc"jctk"
mgowfkcp"ogtgmc"cmcp"dgtucoc/ucoc"dgtqncjtcic"ncikA
60" Fkpk" ogpikmwvk" ngu" ocvgocvkmc" ugvkcr" :" jctk" ugmcnk." ugfcpimcp" Tqpk"
ogpikmwvk"ngu"ocvgocvkmc"ugvkcr"9"jctk"ugmcnk0"Lkmc"rcfc"4"Ciwuvwu"4229"
ogtgmc" ngu" ocvgocvkmc" dgtucoc/ucoc." ocmc" rcfc" vcpiicn" dgtcrc"
ogtgmc"cmcp"ngu"ocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"{cpi"mgfwc"mcnkp{cA
70" Jcfk"dgtockp"ugrcm"dqnc"ugvkcr"9"jctk"ugmcnk."ugfcpimcp"Fqpk"dgtockp"
ugrcm"dqnc"ugvkcr"6"jctk"ugmcnk0"Lkmc"ugmctcpi"ogtgmc"dgtockp"ugrcm"
dqnc"dgtucoc/ucoc."ocmc"rcfc"jctk"mg"dgtcrc"ogtgmc"cmcp"dgtockp"
ugrcm"dqnc"dgtucoc/ucoc"ncikA

Vgtcrcp"Ocvgocvkmc

Mgnkrcvcp" rgtugmwvwcp" fkiwpcmcp" wpvwm" ogpigvcjwk" fwc" rncpgv" ucnkpi"


uglclct0"Vcjwmcj"mco."crc"kvw"rncpgvA"Rncpgv"cfcncj"dgpfc"{cpi"ogpignknkpik"
ocvcjctk0"Eqpvqj"rncpgv"cfcncj"dwok"{cpi"mkvc"rklcm"kpk0"Ugvkcr"rncpgv"dgtigtcm"
ogpignknkpik"nkpimctcp0"
Sumber: Gpectvc"4227

Sumber: Gpectvc"4227

" Octu"fcp"lwrkvgt"cfcncj"rncpgv/rncpgv"{cpi"ogpignknkpik"ocvcjctk"ugrgtvk"
dwok0"Rncpgv"octu"ogpignknkpik"ocvcjctk"ugvkcr"4"vcjwp"ugmcnk."ugfcpimcp"rncpgv"
lwrkvgt"ogpignknkpik"ocvcjctk"ugvkcr"8"vcjwp"ugmcnk0"Lkmc"ugmctcpi"ogtgmc"uglclct"
ucvw"ucoc"nckp"fgpicp"ocvcjctk"*vgtngvcm"rcfc"ucvw"ictku"nwtwu+."ocmc"rcfc"
vcjwp"mg"dgtcrc"ogtgmc"cmcp"uglclct"mgodcnk"rcfc"rqukuk"kpkA
Wpvwm"ogp{gnguckmcpp{c."mcow"fcrcv"ogpiiwpcmcp"MRM0"MRM"fctk"4"fcp"
8"cfcncj"80"Lcfk."rcfc"vcjwp"mg"gpco"fctk"ugmctcpi."mgfwc"rncpgv"kvw"cmcp"
uglclct"mgodcnk"rcfc"rqukuk"vgtugdwv0
Sumber: Gpectvc"4227

86 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Tcpimwocp
30" c"î"d"?"e.""c"fcp"d"fkugdwv"hcmvqt/hcmvqt"fctk"e0
40" Hcmvqt"rgtugmwvwcp"cfcncj"hcmvqt/hcmvqt"dkncpicp"{cpi"dgtjctic"ucoc0
50" Mgnkrcvcp"uwcvw"dkncpicp"cfcncj"dkncpicp/dkncpicp"{cpi"jcdku"fkdcik"
qngj"dkncpicp"mgnkrcvcpp{c0
60"" Mgnkrcvcp" rgtugmwvwcp" cfcncj" mgnkrcvcp" fctk" dkncpicp" vgtvgpvw" {cpi"
ucoc"fgpicp"mgnkrcvcp"dkncpicp"nckpp{c0
70" Hcmvqt" rgtugmwvwcp" vgtdguct" cfcncj" hcmvqt" rgtugmwvwcp" fctk" fwc"
dkncpicp"cvcw"ngdkj"{cpi"ogoknkmk"pknck"vgtdguct0
80" Mgnkrcvcp"rgtugmwvwcp"vgtmgekn"cfcncj"mgnkrcvcp"rgtugmwvcp"fctk"fwc"
dkncpicp"cvcw"ngdkj"{cpi"ogoknkmk"pknck"vgtmgekn0

Tghngmuk

30" Dcickocpcmcj" ectc" ogpgpvwmcp" HRD" fctk" fwc" dkncpicpA" Lgncumcp"


fgpicp"mcvc/mcvcow"ugpfktk0
40" Dcickocpcmcj" ectc" ogpgpvwmcp" MRM" fctk" fwc" dkncpicpA" Lgncumcp"
fgpicp"mcvc/mcvcow"ugpfktk0

Dcd"4"/"Hcmvqt"fcp"Mgnkrcvcp 87
Octk"Ogpiwncpi"Dcd"4

C0" Kukncj"vkvkm/vkvkm"rcfc"uqcn"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"ukpimcv0
30" Hcmvqt"fctk"34"cfcncj"3."4."”."”."”."340
40" Mgnkrcvcp"fctk":"cfcncj":."38."”."”."”."”."”."”."”."”0
50" Vgtfcrcv"fwc"mgnkrcvcp"dgtkmwv<
" 6"?"6.":."34."38."42."46."4:."54."58."62."”
" 7"?"7."32."37."42."47."52."57."62."67."”
" Mgnkrcvcp"rgtugmwvwcp"fctk"6"fcp"7"cfcncj"42."”."”0

D0" Dgtkncj"vcpfc"*Z+"rcfc"lcycdcp"{cpi"dgpct0
30" Mgnkrcvcp"rgtugmwvwcp"fctk"4"fcp"9"cfcncj"”0
c0" 3."4."”" " "
d0" 3."36."”" "
e0" 3."43."”
40" Hcmvqt"rgtugmwvwcp"vgtdguct"fctk"3:"fcp"36"cfcncj"”0
c0" 4" " " "
d0" 9" " " "
e0" 36
50" 32."42."52."62."”0
" Mgnkrcvcp"fk"cvcu"cfcncj"mgnkrcvcp"rgtugmwvwcp"fctk"0”
c0" 4"fcp"7" "
d0" 9"fcp";" " "
e0" 33"fcp"36
60" MRM"fctk"42"fcp"46"cfcncj"”0
c0" :2" " " "
d0" 342"" " "
e0" 362
70" HRD"fctk"34"fcp"3:"cfcncj"”0
c0" 8" " " "
d0" :" " " "
e0" 32
80" HRD"fcp"MRM"fctk"3:"fcp"6:"cfcncj"”0
c0" 8"fcp"366" " d0" :"fcp"342" " e0" 32"fcp"442

88 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
90" Fwc"dwcj"ncorw"ocukpi/ocukpi"ogp{cnc"ugvkcr"8"fgvkm"fcp":"fgvkm."ocmc"
rcfc"fgvkm"”"ogtgmc"cmcp"dgtucoc/ucoc"ogp{cnc"ncik"wpvwm"{cpi"rgtvcoc"
mcnk0
c0" 42" " " "
d0" 46" " " "
e0" 52

E0" Lcycdncj"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"dgpct0

30" Vgpvwmcpncj"hcmvqt"rgtugmwvwcp"fctk<
c0" 3:"fcp"47" "
d0" 4:"fcp"78" "
e0" 54"fcp"78
40" Vgpvwmcpncj"mgnkrcvcp"rgtugmwvwcp"fctk<
c0" 6"fcp"7" " "
d0" 5"fcp"7" " "
e0" 7"fcp"9
50" Ectkncj"MRM"fctk"dkncpicp/dkncpicp"dgtkmwv<
c0" 44"fcp"47" " "
d0" 36"fcp"46" " "
e0" 42"fcp"52
f0" 46"fcp"4:
g0" 54"fcp"56
60" Ectkncj"HRD"fctk"dkncpicp/dkncpicp"dgtkmwv<
c0" 36"fcp"38" " "
d0" 38"fcp"44" " "
e0" 46"fcp"48
f0" 56"fcp"62
g0" 82"fcp":2
70" Ectkncj"HRD"fcp"MRM"fctk"dkncpicp/dkncpicp"dgtkmwv<
c0" :"fcp"36" " "
d0" 32"fcp"34" " "
e0" 8"fcp"42
f0" 46"fcp"58
g0" 62"fcp"6:

Dcd"4"/"Hcmvqt"fcp"Mgnkrcvcp 89
F0" Ugnguckmcpncj"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Rcm" Octfk" cmcp" ogodcikmcp" 52" mwg" fcp" 37" okpwocp" mgrcfc" owtkf/
owtkfp{c0"Mwg"fcp"okpwocp"kvw"jctwu"fkvgtkoc"qngj"owtkf/owtkfp{c"fgpicp"
ucoc"dcp{cm0"Dgtcrc"dcp{cm"owtkf"Rcm"Octfk"{cpi"cmcp"ogpgtkoc"mwg"
fcp"okpwocp"fgpicp"ucoc"dcp{cmA
40" Ucpftc" ogoknkmk" 62" dwmw" rgnclctcp" fcp" 52" dwmw" egtkvc0" Kc" cmcp"
ogocuwmmcpp{c"mg"fcnco"dgdgtcrc"mcpvqpi"fgpicp"ucoc"dcp{cm0"Dgtcrc"
mcpvqpi"{cpi"fkrgtnwmcp"qngj"UcpftcA
50" Nkpfc"ogpikmwvk"ncvkjcp"vctk"ugvkcr"4"jctk"ugmcnk."ugfcpimcp"Koc"ugvkcr"7"jctk"
ugmcnk0"Lkmc"rcfc"6"qmvqdgt"4229"ogtgmc"dgtucoc/ucoc"dgtncvkj"vctk."ocmc"
rcfc"vcpiicn"dgtcrc"ogtgmc"cmcp"dgtncvkj"vctk"dgtucoc/ucoc"ncikA
60" Fgpk"ogpcdwpi"ugvkcr"9"jctk"ugmcnk."ugfcpimcp"Dwdwp"ugvkcr"6"jctk"ugmcnk0"
Lkmc"ugmctcpi"ogtgmc"dgtucoc/ucoc"ogpcdwpi"fk"Dcpm"Jgocv."ocmc"
rcfc" jctk" mg"dgtcrc" ogtgmc" cmcp" dgtucoc/ucoc"ogpcdwpi" ncik" wpvwm"
{cpi"mgfwc"mcnkp{cA
70" Dgtcrc"lwoncj"dclw"fcp"ugrcvw"ugnwtwjp{c."lkmc"fgncrcp"cpcm"ogorgtqngj"
4"rcucpi"ugrcvw"fcp"8"dclwA

8: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Dcd
5 Rgpiwmwtcp

C{q"rgtjcvkmcp"icodct"fk"cvcu0
Fk"fcnco"twcpicp"vgtfcrcv"dgpfc/dgpfc"{cpi"dgtiwpc0
Crc"hwpiuk"lco"fkpfkpi"{cpi"ogpgorgn"fk"fkpfkpiA
Dgpfc/dgpfc"crc"uclc"{cpi"ogoknkmk"uwfwvA
Dgpfc"crc"uclc"{cpi"ogoknkmk"rcplcpiA

Mcow"cmcp"dgnclct

Ogncmwmcp"rgpiwmwtcp"uwfwv."rcplcpi."fcp"dgtcv0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp 8;
C0 Uwfwv
Crcmcj"mcow"rgtpcj"ogpfgpict"mcvc"uwfwvA"Crcmcj"mcow"vcjw"ctvk"mcvc"
uwfwvA"Ugmctcpi."mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"vgpvcpi"uwfwv"fcp"rgpiwmwtcpp{c0"C{q"
egtocvk"wtckcpp{c"cict"mcow"fcrcv"ogocjcokp{c0

30" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv
Fk"mgncu"5."mcow"ogorgnclctk"ocvgtk"vgpvcpi"uwfwv0"Ugmctcpi."ocvgtk"vgtugdwv"
cmcp"fkdcjcu"mgodcnk0"Pcowp."jcp{c"ugmcfct"wpvwm"ogpikpicvmcpow"uclc0"
C{q"cocvk"twcpi"mgncuow0"Vgpvw"cfc"{cpi"fkpcocmcp"rqlqm"twcpicp0

Rqlqm"twcpicp"fkugdwv"lwic"uwfwv0"Rqlqm"twcpicp"fkdcvcuk"qngj"fwc"fkpfkpi"
{cpi"dgtvgow"rcfc"uwcvw"vkvkm"rqlqm"*vkvkm"uwfwv+0"
Wpvwm" rgpcoccp." dkcucp{c" pcoc" uwfwv" fkdgtkmcp" uguwck" fgpicp" vkvkm"
uwfwvp{c" cvcw" uguwck" fgpicp" ukpct" {cpi" ogodgpvwmp{c0" Rgodgtkcp" pcoc"
uwfwv"fkcycnk"fgpicp"ncodcpi"∠0"C{q"rgtjcvkmcp"eqpvqj"dgtmwv"kpk0

C
uwfwv ukpct uwfwv
D E T
S
*c+ *d+

/" Uwfwv" rcfc" icodct" *c+" fkdgtk" pcoc" ∠ D" *fkdcec" uwfwv" D+" cvcw" ∠ CDE"
*fkdcec"uwfwv"CDE+0
/" Uwfwv"rcfc"icodct"*d+"fkdgtk"pcoc"∠ S"*fkdcec"uwfwv"S+"cvcw"∠ RST"
*fkdcec"uwfwv"RST+0

Uwfwv"ogtwrcmcp"fcgtcj"{cpi"fkdcvcuk"qngj"fwc"ukpct"
*mcmk"uwfwv+"{cpi"dgtrqvqpicp"rcfc"uwcvw"vkvkm0

92 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Ncvkjcp
C{q"vwnkumcp"pcoc"uwfwv/uwfwv"dgtkmwv0
30" " D 40" " R 50 U

C E S T V W
∠"CDE ∠"000 ∠"000

60" "W 70 Z \

X Y [
∠"000 ∠"000

40" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv"Ukmw/Ukmw."Ncpekr."fcp"Vworwn
c0" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv"Ukmw/Ukmw
Rgtjcvkmcp"uwfwv"oglcow0"Dcickocpcmcj"ukhcv/ukhcvp{cA

Uwfwv"kvw"dgtdgpvwm"
ukmw/ukmw0

Eqdcncj" mcow" vgmwm" vcpicpow" ugrgtvk" icodct"


dgtkmwv"ugjkpiic"ngpicp"nwtwu"mg"cvcu."ugfcpimcp"dcjw"
nwtwu"ogpfcvct0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp 93
Vgmwmcp"vcpicpow"
ugrgtvk"kvw"ogodgpvwm"
ukmw/ukmw0

Cict"mcow"ngdkj"ogocjcok"rgpigtvkcp"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw."ncmwmcp"mgikcvcp"
dgtkmwv"kpk0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
30" Ugfkcmcpncj"ugngodct"mgtvcu0

40" Nkrcvncj"mgtvcu"vgtugdwv"ogplcfk"fwc"dcikcp"ucoc"dguct0

50" Mgtvcu"{cpi"vgncj"fknkrcv"vgtugdwv."mgowfkcp"nkrcv"mgodcnk"ogplcfk"gorcv"
dcikcp"{cpi"ucoc"dguct0

60" Ugncplwvp{c."dwmcncj"nkrcvcp"mgtvcu"vgtugdwv0"Crc"{cpi"mcow"vgowmcpA

94 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
70" Fctk"jcukn"nkrcvcpow"kvw"fkrgtqngj"gorcv"ictku"ukmw/ukmw"{cpi"ucnkpi"vgicm"
nwtwu."{cpi"fkvcpfck"fgpicp"""""0

Dgtfcuctmcp" mgikcvcp" {cpi" vgncj" fkncmwmcp" " fk" cvcu." fcrcv" fkukorwnmcp"
dcjyc"fwc"ictku"{cpi"ucnkpi"vgicm"nwtwu"cmcp"ogodgpvwm"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw0

Uwfwv""ukmw/ukmw

d0" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv"Ncpekr"fcp"Vworwn
Crcmcj"mcow"rgtpcj"ogpgowmcp"dgpfc"ugrgtvk"fk"dcycj"kpkA"

C{q" rgtjcvkmcp" uwfwv" dcpiwp" fk" cvcu" {cpi" fkvcpfck" qngj" jwtwh"C0" Uwfwv"
dcpiwp"vgtugdwv"ngdkj"mgekn"lkmc"fkdcpfkpimcp"fgpicp"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw0"Ugogpvctc"
kvw."uwfwv"{cpi"fkvcpfck"fgpicp"jwtwh"D."ngdkj"dguct"fctkrcfc"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw0

Uwfwv"Ncpekr Uwfwv"Ukmw/Ukmw Uwfwv"Vworwn

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp 95
Ncvkjcp
C{q"vwplwmmcp"ocpc"uwfwv"ncpekr."ukmw/ukmw."fcp"vworwn0
30" 40" " 50" " 60

70" 80" " 90" " :0

;0" " " 320

e0" Ogpiicodct"Uwfwv"Ukmw"/"Ukmw
Cict"mcow"fcrcv"ogpiicodct"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw."ncmwmcpncj"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv"
kpk0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Ugfkcmcp<"3"dwcj"lcpimc="3"dwcj"rgpukn="fcp"3"dwcj"rgpiictku0
30" Fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"rgpukn"fcp"okuvct."vctkmncj"ugdwcj"ictku"ugrcplcpi"
8"ugpvkogvgt0"Dgtk"pcoc"ictku"CD0

C D

40" Fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"okuvct."vgpvwmcpncj"vkvkm"vgpicj"ictku"CD"vgtugdwv0"
Vcpfck"vkvkm"vgtugdwv"fgpicp"jwtwh"E0

C E D

96 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
50" Ugmctcpi."iwpcmcpncj"lcpimc0"Dwmcncj"lcpimc."vcpecrmcp"wlwpi"vclcop{c"
rcfc"vkvkm"C"fcp"wlwpi"rgpuknp{c"rcfc"vkvkm"D0"Mgowfkcp."nkpimctmcpncj"fk"
cvcu"ictku"CD"kvw0

C E D

60" Ugncplwvp{c."wlwpi"lctwo"lcpimc"fkvcpecrmcp"mg"vkvkm"D"fcp"rgpukn"mg"vkvkm"C0"
Nkpimctmcpncj"lcpimc"vgtugdwv"ugjkpiic"ictku"nkpimctcpp{c"ogoqvqpi"ictku"
nkpimctcp"{cpi"rgtvcoc0"Vcpfckncj"vkvkm"rgtrqvqpicp"kvw"fgpicp"jwtwh"F0

C E D

70"" Mgowfkcp"vctkmncj"ictku"fctk"vkvkm"F"mg"vkvkm"E0
F

C E D

80" Rgtjcvkmcpncj"dcjyc"rcfc"vkvkm"E"cfc"fwc"uwfwv0"Uwfwv/uwfwv"vgtugdwv"
cfcncj"ukmw/ukmw0"Pcoc"uwfwv/uwfwvp{c"cfcncj"∠DEF"fcp"∠CEF0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp 97
Vwicu

Dgtucoc"mgnqorqmow."fkumwukmcpncj"dcickocpc"ectc"ogodwcv"uwfwv"ukmw/
ukmw"fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"fwc"dwcj"okuvct"ugikvkic"ugrgtvk"icodct"fk"dcycj"
kpk0"Ncpimcj/ncpimcjp{c"fcrcv"fkectk"fk"dwmw"nckp"{cpi"cfc"fk"rgtrwuvcmccp"
cvcw" vcocp" dceccp0" Mcow" lwic" fcrcv" ogpectkp{c" fk" kpvgtpgv0" Wpvwm" kvw."
dgtmwplwpincj"mg"vgorcv/vgorcv"vgtugdwv"wpvwm"ogpfcrcvmcp"kphqtocukp{c0

50" Ogpiwmwt"fcp"Ogodcpfkpimcp"Dguct"Uwfwv"
Fcnco"ogpiwmwt"dguct"uwfwv."mcow"fcrcv"ogpiiwpcmcp"ucvwcp"vcm"dcmw"
cvcw"ucvwcp"fgtclcv0"Cict"mcow"fcrcv"ogocjcokp{c."c{q"rgtjcvkmcp"rgplgncucp"
dgtkmwv"kpk0
c0" Ogpiwmwt"Uwfwv"fgpicp"Ucvwcp"Vcm"Dcmw
1) Mengukur Besar Sudut dengan Sudut Satuan
Dcickocpcmcj" ectc" ogpiwmwt" dguct" uwfwv" fgpicp" uwfwv" ucvwcpA"C{q"
kmwvk"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Ugfkcmcp"ugngodct"mgtvcu."mgowfkcp"nkrcv"ugrgtvk"icodct"dgtkmwv0

F E F E F E

C D C C

Iwpcmcpncj"∠CEF"fk"cvcu"ugdcick"uwfwv"ucvwcp"wpvwm"ogpiwmwt"dguct"∠RST"
dgtkmwv0
R R

S S

T T

98 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Vgtp{cvc"dguct"∠RST"
cfcncj"4"mcnk"uwfwv""
ucvwcp

Fgpicp" uwfwv" ucvwcp" " fk" cvcu." eqdcncj" wmwt" uwfwv/uwfwv"


dgtkmwv0

30" Lgncumcp" dguct" vkcr/vkcr" uwfwv" ugvgncj" fkwmwt" qngj" uwfwv" ucvwcp"
kvw0
40" Uwfwv"ocpcmcj"{cpi"rcnkpi"dguctA"Fcp"uwfwv"ocpc"{cpi"rcnkpi"
50" mgeknA
Wmwtncj"uwfwv"dwmwow"fgpicp"uwfwv"ucvwcp"fk"cvcu0"Dgtcrc"dguct"uwfwv"
dwmwowA

Ugmctcpi."c{q"dgtncvkj"ogpiwmwt"dguct"uwfwv"fgpicp"uwfwv"ucvwcp0

Ncvkjcp
Eqdc"lkrncm"uwfwv"ucvwcp"dgtkmwv"rcfc"mgtvcu0"Ugvgncj"kvw."iwpvkpincj0

Wmwtncj"uwfwv/uwfwv"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"uwfwv"ucvwcp"fk"cvcu0
30 40

50 60

70

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp 99
2) Mengukur Sudut Lancip dan Sudut Tumpul dengan Kertas Lipat Siku-
Siku
Ugmctcpi."c{q"dgnclct"ogpiwmwt"dguct"uwfwv"fgpicp"mgtvcu"nkrcv"ukmw/ukmw0"
Kmwvkncj"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Ugfkcmcp"ugngodct"mgtvcu."mgowfkcp"nkrcvncj"mg"ctcj"ngdctp{c0

Ugncplwvp{c."nkrcvncj"mgtvcu"kvw"mg"ctcj"rcplcpip{c0

Uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw

Ugvgncj"uwfwv"ucvwcp"ukmw/ukmw"fkrgtqngj."ugncplwvp{c"wmwtncj"uwfwv"ukmw/
ukmw"dgtkmwv"mg"uwfwv"nckpp{c0"

Uwfwv"Ncpekr Uwfwv"Ukmw/Ukmw Uwfwv"Vworwn

Lkmc"wmwtcp"ugdwcj"uwfwv"ngdkj"mgekn"fctk"uwfwv"ucvwcp"ukmw/ukmw."ocmc"
uwfwv" vgtugdwv" fkpcocmcp" uwfwv" ncpekr0" Lkmc" wmwtcp" uwfwv" ucoc" fgpicp"
wmwtcp"uwfwv"ucvwcp"ukmw/ukmw."ocmc"uwfwv"vgtugdwv"fkpcocmcp"uwfwv"ukmw/
ukmw0"Ugogpvctc"kvw."lkmc"wmwtcp"ugdwcj"uwfwv"ngdkj"dguct"fctk"uwfwv"ucvwcp"
ukmw/ukmw."ocmc"uwfwv"vgtugdwv"fkpcocmcp"uwfwv"vworwn0
Ugmctcpi."wmwtncj"uwfwv/uwfwv"oglc"fk"mgncuow."dwmw/dwmwow."fcp"dgpfc/
dgpfc"{cpi"cfc"fk"ugmkvctow0"Mgowfkcp."ncrqtmcp"jcuknp{c"mgrcfc"iwtwow0"
Lgncumcp"ocpc"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw."uwfwv"ncpekr."fcp"uwfwv"vworwn0

9: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Ncvkjcp
Fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"mgtvcu"uwfwv"ucvwcp"ukmw/ukmw."rgtkmucncj"crcmcj"uwfwv"
fk"dcycj"kpk"vgtocuwm"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw."uwfwv"ncpekr."cvcw"uwfwv"vworwn0
30 40 50

60 70 80

90 :0 ;0

320

d0" Ogpiwmwt"Uwfwv"fgpicp"Ucvwcp"Fgtclcv
Ectc" nckp" fcnco" ogpiwmwt" uwfwv" cfcncj" fgpicp" ogpiiwpcmcp" dwuwt"
fgtclcv0"Rgpiwmwtcp"fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"dwuwt"fgtclcv"fkugdwv"rgpiwmwtcp"
fgpicp"ucvwcp"dcmw0"Dcickocpcmcj"ncpimcj/ncpimcj"ogpiwmwt"ugdwcj"uwfwv"
fgpicp"dwuwt"fgtclcvA"Ectc"ogpiwmwt"dguct"uwfwv"fgpicp"dwuwt"fgtclcv"cfcncj"
ugdcick"dgtkmwv<
30" Dwuwt"fgtclcv"{cpi"uwfcj"fkugfkcmcp."ngvcmmcp"rcfc"uwfwv"{cpi"cmcp"fkwmwt0
40" Vkvkm" rwucv" dwuwt" fgtclcv" fkngvcmmcp" rcfc" vkvkm" uwfwv" {cpi" cmcp" fkwmwt"
dguctp{c0
50" Ucncj"ucvw"mcmk"uwfwv"fkkorkvmcp"fgpicp"cncu"dwuwt"fgtclcv0
60" Mcmk"uwfwv"{cpi"nckpp{c"cmcp"dgtkorkv"fgpicp"ucncj"ucvw"ictku"rcfc"dwuwt"
fgtclcv0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp 9;
70" Nkjcv"cpimc"{cpi"fkvwplwmmcp"qngj"ictku"{cpi"dgtkorkv"fgpicp"mcmk"uwfwv"
vgtugdwv0
80" Cpimc"vgtugdwv"ogpwplwmmcp"dguct"uwfwv"{cpi"fkwmwt0

Cict"mcow"ngdkj"ogocjcokp{c."c{q"rgtjcvkmcp"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Mkvc" ugfcpi" ogpiwmwt"


;2£
uwfwv" fgpicp" ucvwcp"
fgtclcv0" " ;2" fgtclcv"
fkvwnku";2£0

Rcfc" icodct" fk" cvcu." ucncj" ucvw" mcmk" uwfwv" dgtkorkv"


fgpicp"cncu"dwuwt"fgtclcv0"Mcmk"uwfwv"{cpi"nckpp{c"dgtkorkv"
fgpicp" ucncj" ucvw" ictku" rcfc" dwuwt" fgtclcv0"Cpimc" {cpi"
fkvwplwmmcp"qngj"ictku"vgtugdwv"cfcncj";2£0"Lcfk."dguct"uwfwv"
vgtugdwv"cfcncj";2£0

Ncvkjcp
C{q"rgtjcvkmcp"icodct"dgtkmwv0
H G
I
J ;2£ :2£ F
332£
342£ 82£
K E
362£
L 62£ D
372£ 52£

M C

Dgtfcuctmcp"icodct"fk"cvcu."vgpvwmcpncj"dguct"uwfwv/uwfwv"dgtkmwv#
30" Dguct"uwfwv"CQD"cfcncj"ӣ" " 80" Dguct"uwfwv"CQK"cfcncj"ӣ
40" Dguct"uwfwv"CQE"cfcncj"ӣ" " 90" Dguct"uwfwv"CQL"cfcncj"ӣ
50"" Dguct"uwfwv"CQF"cfcncj"ӣ" " :0"" Dguct"uwfwv"DQG"cfcncj"ӣ
60" Dguct"uwfwv"CQG"cfcncj"ӣ" " ;0" Dguct"uwfwv"EQI"cfcncj"ӣ
70" Dguct"uwfwv"CQI"cfcncj"ӣ"" 320" Dguct"uwfwv"EQL"cfcncj"ӣ

:2 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
e0" Ogodcpfkpimcp"Dguct"Uwfwv
Rgtjcvkmcp"fwc"dwcj"uwfwv"dgtkmwv0"Ocpc"{cpi"ngdkj"dguctA

:2£

62£

c d

Uwfwv"c"dguctp{c"62£ Uwfwv"d"dguctp{c":2£

Uwfwv"d"ngdkj"dguct"fctk"uwfwv"c0"Fkvwnku"∠d"@"∠c0

Ncvkjcp
C{q"rgtjcvkmcp"icodct/icodct"dgtkmwv0

C D E F G

Wmwtncj"uwfwv/uwfwv"fk"cvcu"fgpicp"dwuwt"fgtclcv0"Ugncplwvp{c."kukncj"vkvkm/vkvkm"
dgtkmwv"fgpicp"vcpfc">."?"."@0
30" uwfwv"C"”"uwfwv"E
40" uwfwv"D"”"uwfwv"G
50" uwfwv"E"”"uwfwv"F
60" uwfwv"F"”"uwfwv"C
70" uwfwv"D"”"uwfwv"F

60" Ogpigpcn"Gorcv"Ctcj"Ocvc"Cpikp
Fk" ugdgncj" ocpcmcj" ocvcjctk" vgtdkvA" Fk" ugdgncj" ocpcmcj" ocvcjctk"
vgtdgpcoA" Lkmc" mcow" ogpijcfcr" mg" ctcj" ocvcjctk" vgtdgpco." fk" ugdgncj"
mcpcpow"ctcj"crc"fcp"fk"ugdgncj"mktkow"ctcj"crcA
Fctk"rgtvcp{ccp/rgtvcp{ccp"fk"cvcu."mcow"vgpvw"cmcp"ogplcycd"ctcj"vkowt."
dctcv."wvctc."fcp"ugncvcp0"Mggorcv"ctcj"vgtugdwv"fkpcocmcp"ctcj"ocvc"cpikp0"
Lkmc"fkicodctmcp."ctcj"ocvc"cpikp"cfcncj"ugdcick"dgtkmwv0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp :3
W

Q
D V

Ctcj"wvctc"fkukpimcv"W."ctcj"vkowt"fkukpimcv"V."ctcj"ugncvcp"fkukpimcv"U."
fcp"ctcj"dctcv"fkukpimcv"D0
Fctk"icodct"ctcj"ocvc"cpikp"fk"cvcu."ctcj"wvctc"fcp"vkowt"ogodgpvwm"
uwfwv" vgicm" nwtwu" cvcw" ∠WQV" ?" ;2£." ugfcpimcp" ctcj" wvctc" fgpicp" ugncvcp"
ogodgpvwm"uwfwv"nwtwu"cvcw"∠WQU"?"3:2£0

Ncvkjcp
Vgpvwmcpncj"dguct"uwfwv"{cpi"fkdgpvwm"qngj"fwc"ctcj"ocvc"cpikp"dgtkmwv0
30" ctcj"U"fcp"D" 60" ctcj"V"fcp"D
40" ctcj"V"fcp"U" 70" ctcj"D"fcp"D
50" ctcj"W"fcp"D

70" Dguct"Uwfwv"Ucvw"Rwvctcp."Ugvgpicj"Rwvctcp."fcp"Ugrgtgorcv"
Rwvctcp
Rwvtc" dgtnctk" ogpignknkpik" ncrcpicp"
dgtdgpvwm" nkpimctcp0" Kc" dgtmgnknkpi" ucvw" Ucvw"rwvctcp"rgpwj"
rwvctcp0" ucoc"fgpicp"582£0

:4 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Tqpk"lwic"ogpignknkpik"ncrcpicp"kvw0"Kc"dgtmgnknkpi"ugdcp{cm"vkic"rgtgorcv"
nkpimctcp0
Vkic"rgtgorcv"rwvctcp"
rgpwj"ucoc"fgpicp"
492£0

Mgowfkcp"dgtmgnknkpi"ncik"ugdcp{cm"ugvgpicj"rwvctcp0

Ugvgpicj"rwvctcp"
rgpwj"ucoc"fgpicp"
3:2£0

Fkpc"fcvcpi0"Fkpc"rwp"kmwv"dgtnctk0"Kc"dgtmgnknkpi"ugrgtgorcv"rwvctcp0

Ugrgtgorcv"rwvctcp"
ucoc"fgpicp";2£0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp :5
Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc

Dwcvncj"fwc"dkncj"mc{w"fctk"vtkrngm0"Ugncplwvp{c."nwdcpikncj"mgfwc"
dkncj"vgtugdwv"rcfc"ucncj"ucvw"wlwpip{c0"Mgowfkcp."wlwpi"dkncj"{cpi"uwfcj"
vgtnwdcpik"vgtugdwv"fkucvwmcp"fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"owt0"Ugvgncj"vgtdgpvwm."
mcow"cmcp"ogorgtqngj"oqfgn"ugrgtvk"icodct"dgtkmwv0

Ugncplwvp{c."rwvctncj"ucncj"ucvw"dkncj"vgtugdwv"ugjkpiic"ogodgpvwm"ugrgtgorcv"
rwvctcp."ugvgpicj"rwvctcp."vkic"rgtgorcv"rwvctcp."fcp"ucvw"rwvctcp"rgpwj0"Ugvkcr"
mcnk"ogncmwmcp"rgowvctcp."icodctncj"rqukuk"dkncjp{c"fgpicp"rgpukn0

Ncvkjcp
Mgtlcmcpncj"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Vgpvwmcpncj"dguct"uwfwv"rwvctcp"rcfc"lctwo"lco"dgtkmwv0

40" Icodctncj"lctwo"lco"{cpi"ogpwplwmmcp<
c0" ugvgpicj"rwvctcp""" d0" ucvw"rwvctcp"" " e0" ugrgtgorcv"rwvctcp
50" Tkpk"dgtnctk"ogpignknkpik"nkpvcucp"dgtdgpvwm"nkpimctcp"ugdcp{cm"fwc"mcnk0"
Dgtcrc"rwvctcp"Tkpk"ogpignknkpik"nkpvcucpA

:6 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
D0 Ycmvw
Mcow"uwfcj"ogocjcok"rgpigtvkcp"uwfwv"fcp"rgpiwmwtcpp{c0"Ugmctcpi."
mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"vcpvcpi"ucvwcp"ycmvw"fcp"rgpiwmwtcpp{c0

30" Cncv/Cncv"Wmwt"Ycmvw
Dgtkmwv"kpk"cfcncj"dgdgtcrc"cncv"wmwt"ycmvw0

Lco"fkpfkpi Lco"vcpicp Lco"fkikvcn

40" Jwdwpicp"Cpvctucvwcp"Ycmvw"
Cict"mcow"fcrcv"ogocjcok"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"ycmvw."rgtjcvkmcpncj"
wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0
c0" Cpfk"rgtik"mg"mcoct"ocpfk"ugncoc"82"fgvkm0

ownck"dgtcpimcv" ugvgncj"ucorck"mg"
mg"mcoct"ocpfk mcoct"ocpfk

Rgtjcvkmcp"icodct"lco"fk"cvcu0"Ugvgncj"Cpfk"ucorck"fk"mcoct"ocpfk."lctwo"
fgvkm"dgtrwvct"ugdcp{cm"82"ictku"umcnc"fcp"lctwo"ogpkv"dgtigugt"3"ictku"umcnc"
cvcw"3"ogpkv0"Fgpicp"fgokmkcp.

82"fgvkm"?"3"ogpkv

d0" Rcm"Dwtjcp"rgtik"mg"mcpvqt"ogpigpfctck"ugrgfc"oqvqt"ugncoc"82"ogpkv0

ownck"dgtcpimcv" ugvgncj"ucorck"mg"
mg"mcpvqt mcpvqt

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp :7
Ugvgncj" Rcm" Dwtjcp" ucorck" fk" mcpvqt." lctwo" ogpkv" dgtrwvct" ugdcp{cm"
82" ictku" umcnc" fcp" lctwo" lco" dgtigugt" 3" ictku" umcnc" cvcw" 3" lco0" Fgpicp"

82"ogpkv"?"3"lco

fgokmkcp.
Dgtfcuctmcp"wtckcp"fk"cvcu."fcrcv"fkukorwnmcp"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"lco."
ogpkv."fcp"fgvkm"ugrgtvk"dgtkmwv"kpk0
3"ogpkv""?"82"fgvkm
3"lco"" ?"82"ogpkv
3"lco"" ?"82"ogpkv"?"82"î"3"ogpkv"?"82"î"82"fgvkm"?"50822"fgvkm

Eqpvqj
30" Cpfk"ogpigtlcmcp"rgmgtlccp"twocjp{c"ugncoc"4"
lco0"Dgtcrc"ogpkv"Cpfk"ogpigtlcmcp"rgmgtlccp"
twocjp{cA
" Lcycd
" 3"lco"?"82"ogpkv
" 4"lco"?"4"î"3"lco"?"4"î"82"ogpkv"?"342"ogpkv
" Lcfk." Cpfk" ogpigtlcmcp" rgmgtlccp" twocjp{c"
ugncoc"342"ogpkv0
40" Tcjoc" dgnclct" ocvgocvkmc" ugncoc" 6" lco0" Dgtcrc" fgvkm" Tcjoc" dgnclct"
ocvgocvkmcA
" Lcycd
3"lco"?"50822"fgvkm
6"lco"?"6"î"3"lco"?"6"î"50822"fgvkm"?"360622"fgvkm
Lcfk."Tcjoc"dgnclct"ocvgocvkmc"ugncoc"360622"fgvkm0

Ncvkjcp
C0" C{q"ugnguckmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Rqrk"dgmgtlc"fk"uwcvw"rgtwucjccp"ugncoc":"lco"fcnco"ugjctk0"Dgtcrc"
ogpkv"Rqrk"dgmgtlc"fcnco"ugjctkA
40" Rcm" Vctocp" ogodclcm" ucycjp{c" ugncoc" 7" lco0" Dgtcrc" fgvkm" Rcm"
Vctocp"ogodclcm"ucycjp{cA
50" Dw"Vkpc"dgtdgncplc"mg"yctwpi"ugncoc"52"ogpkv0"Dgtcrc"fgvkm"Dw"Vkpc"
dgtdgncplcA
60" Fctoc"ogodcec"dwmw"ugncoc"342"ogpkv0"Dgtcrc"fgvkm"Fctoc"ogodcec"
dwmwA

:8 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
70" Tkupc"dgnclct"fk"ugmqncj"ugncoc"ucvw"ugvgpicj"lco0"Dgtcrc"fgvkm"Tkupc"
dgnclctA

D0" Kukncj"vkvkm/vkvkm"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"dgpct0
30" 32"ogpkv" ?"”"fgvkm" 80" 32"lco" ?"”"ogpkv" "
40" 5"lco" ?"”"fgvkm" 90" 52"ogpkv" ?"”"fgvkm" "
50" 7"lco" ?"”"ogpkv" :0" 462"fgvkm" ?"”"ogpkv" "
60" ;"lco" ?"”"fgvkm" ;0" 3:2"ogpkv" ?"”"lco" "
70" 9"lco" ?"”"fgvkm" 320" 582"ogpkv" ?"”"lco"

40" Jwdwpicp"cpvctc"Jctk."Okpiiw."Dwncp."Vcjwp."Ykpfw."fcp"
Cdcf
Mcngpfgt"fk"ucorkpi"
fkiwpcmcp"wpvwm"
ogpijkvwpi"jctk."
dwncp."fcp"vcjwp

Rgtjcvkmcp"mcngpfgt"vgtugdwv0
Ugdwvmcp"pcoc/pcoc"jctkp{c0
Cfc"dgtcrc"jctk"fcnco"ucvw"okpiiwA
Cfc"dgtcrc"okpiiw"fcnco"3"dwncpA

Cict"mcow"ngdkj"ogocjcok"jwdwpicp"cpvctc"jctk."okpiiw."dwncp."vcjwp."
ykpfw."cdcf."rgtjcvkmcpncj"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0
c0" Dwfk" ogpicfcmcp" Vcocu{c" mg" Mqvc"
Dcpfwpi"ugncoc"ugokpiiw0"
Fcnco"3"okpiiw"cfc"9"jctk0
Lcfk."
" " 3"okpiiw"?"9"jctk

d0" Twfk"ogpijkvwpi"dcp{cmp{c"jctk"fcnco"
ucvw" dwncp" rcfc" mcngpfgt" {cpi" cfc" fk"
twocjp{c0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp :9
Ugncoc"3"dwncp"cfc"
52"jctk0

Lcfk.

" 3"dwncp"?"52"jctk

e0" Rcm" Pwtfkp" dgtvwicu" mg" nwct" pgigtk" ugncoc" 3" vcjwp." {ckvw" fctk" vcpiicn"
3" Lcpwctk" 422:" jkpiic" 53" Fgugodgt" 422:0"Cpcmp{c" ogpijkvwpi" ncoc"
c{cjp{c"dgtvwicu"fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"mcngpfgt"{cpi"cfc"fk"twocj0

Dwncp/dwncp"{cpi"fkngycvk"Rcm"Pwtfkp"jkpiic"rwncpi"mgodcnk"cfcncj<

Lcpwctk." Hgdtwctk." Octgv." Crtkn." Ogk." Lwpk." Lwnk." Ciwuvwu." Ugrvgodgt."


Qmvqdgt."Pqxgodgt."fcp"Fgugodgt

Vgtp{cvc."dcp{cm"pcoc"dwncp"fcnco"ugvcjwp"cfc"340"Lcfk."

3"vcjwp"?"34"dwncp

:: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Dgtfcuctmcp"wtckcp"fkcvcu."jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"ycmvw"vgtugdwv"cfcncj"
ugdcick"dgtkmwv<

3"okpiiw" ?" 9"jctk 3"vcjwp" ?" 6"vtkywncp


3"dwncp"" ?" 52"jctk 3"vcjwp" ?" 5"ecvwtywncp
3"dwncp"" ?" 6"okpiiw 3"ykpfw" ?" :"vcjwp
3"vcjwp" ?" 34"dwncp" 3"fcucyctuc" ?" 32"vcjwp
3"vcjwp" ?" 587"jctk 3"cdcf" ?" 322"vcjwp
3"vcjwp" ?" 74"okpiiw 3"fgmcfg" ?" 30222"vcjwp

Eqpvqj
30" 6"vcjwp"?"”"dwncp
Lcycd
3"vcjwp"?"34"dwncp
6"vcjwp"?"6"î"3"vcjwp"?"6"î"34"dwncp"?"6:"dwncp

40" 46"dwncp"?"”"jctk
Lcycd
3"dwncp"?"52"jctk
46"dwncp"?"46"î"52"jctk"?"942"jctk

Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" 34"vcjwp" ?"”"dwncp" 80" 6"vcjwp" ?"”"okpiiw
40" 7"dwncp" ?"”"jctk" 90" 722"vcjwp" ?"”"cdcf
50" 6"vcjwp" ?"”"jctk" :0" 92"vcjwp" ?"”"fcucyctuc
60" :"ykpfw" ?"”"vcjwp" ;0" 62"vcjwp" ?"”"ykpfw
70" 302;7"jctk"?"”"vcjwp" 320" 32"fgmcfg" ?"”"vcjwp

E0 Rcplcpi
Rgtpcjmcj"mcow"ogpfgpict"rcplcpi"oglc"dgnclctowA"Dgtcrcmcj"rcplcpi"
oglc"dgnclctowA"Ugmctcpi."mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"vgpvcpi"rgpiwmwtcp"rcplcpi"
fcp"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"rcplcpi0"C{q"egtocvk"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp :;
30" Ogpigpcn"Cncv"Wmwt"Rcplcpi"
Wpvwm" ogpiwmwt" rcplcpi" uwcvw" dgpfc" fkdwvwjmcp" cncv" wmwt0" Okucnp{c."
wpvwm"ogpiwmwt"rcplcpi"dwmw."rcplcpi"oglc."jkpiic"ogpiwmwt"rcplcpi"lcncp0"
Dgtkmwv"kpk"cfcncj"eqpvqj/eqpvqj"cncv"wmwt"rcplcpi0

Okuvct Ogvgtcp

40" Jwdwpicp"Cpvctucvwcp"Rcplcpi
Wpvwm"ogocjcok"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"rcplcpi."c{q"egtocvk"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0
c0" Cfk"ogpiwmwt"rcplcpi"oglcp{c"fgpicp"okuvct0

Rcplcpi" oglc" cfcncj" 3" ogvgt" 47" ugpvkogvgt0" Ogvgt" fkukpimcv" o" fcp"
ugpvkogvgt"fkukpimcv"fgpicp"eo0"Lkmc"fkwmwt"fgpicp"okuvct"dgtucvwcp"ugpvkogvgt."
ocmc"fkrgtqngj"jcukn"347"eo."{ckvw"322"eo"-"47"eo0Lcfk."

3"o"?"322"eo

d0" Ugdwcj"dwu"rcplcpip{c"32"ogvgt0"Lkmc"vgtfcrcv"322"dwu"{cpi"fkngvcmmcp"
ugectc"dgtfgtgv."ocmc"rcplcpip{c"fkugdwv"3"mknqogvgt."fkukpimcv"3"mo0

Qngj"mctgpc"rclcpi"dwu"32"ogvgt."ocmc"wpvwm"322"dwu"rcplcpi"vqvcnp{c"
cfcncj"30222"ogvgt0"Lcfk."

3"mo"?"30222"o

;2 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Ucvwcp/ucvwcp"rcplcpi"{cpi"vgncj"fkmgpcn"cfcncj"mknqogvgt"*mo+."jgmvqogvgt"
*jo+."fgmcogvgt"*fco+."ogvgt"*o+."fgukogvgt"*fo+."ugpvkogvgt"*eo+."fcp"oknkogvgt"
*oo+0
Jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"rcplcpi"vgtugdwv"cfcncj"ugdcick"dgtkmwv0

Ugvkcr"vwtwp"3"vcpiic"
fkmcnk"32

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Ncvkjcp
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70" Fkmk"ogodgnk"fwc"twcu"dcodw"{cpi"rcplcpip{c"ocukpi/ocukpi"9"o0"
Dgtcrc"ugpvkogvgt"rcplcpi"vqvcn"mgfwcp{cA

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60" Ugdwcj"vqpimcv"oknkm"Cnk"rcplcpip{c"7"ogvgt0"Kc"ogoknkmk"8"vqpimcv0"Lkmc"
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Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp ;7
70" Lctcm" fctk" Dcpfwpi" mg" Lcmctvc" cfcncj" 3:2" mknqogvgt0" Ugogpvctc" kvw."
lctcm"fctk"Lcmctvc"mg"Dcpvgp"cfcncj"82"mknqogvgt0"Dgtcrc"jgmvqogvgt"
lctcm"fctk"Dcpfwpi"mg"DcpvgpA

50" Rgtocucncjcp"{cpi"Dgtmckvcp"fgpicp"Dgtcv
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Lcycd
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50" Dgtcv"ugdwcj"vtwm"cfcncj"37"vqp"4"mwkpvcn0"Dgtcrc"mknqitco"dgtcv"vtwm"
vgtugdwvA
60" Rcm" Vqpk" ogplwcn" ugogp" ugdgtcv" 7" mwkpvcn." mgowfkcp" ogplwcn" ncik" 8"
mwkpvcn0"Dgtcrc"vqp"ugogp"{cpi"fklwcn"qngj"Rcm"VqpkA
70" Fkvc" ogoknkmk" dwmw" {cpi" dgtcvp{c" dgtdgfc" 4" rqp" fgpicp" oknkm" Yknk0"
Dgtcrc"dgtcv"dwmw"Fkvc"lkmc"dgtcv"dwmw"Yknk"cfcncj"3"miA

H0 Ucvwcp"Wmwtcp"Mwcpvkvcu
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;8 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
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Vgtp{cvc."fkrgtqngj"dcjyc"3"tko"mgtvcu"ogoknkmk"722"ngodct0"Lcfk."5"tko"
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" Tko"dkcucp{c"fkiwpcmcp"wpvwm"ogpwplwmmcp"dcp{cmp{c"ngodctcp"mgtvcu0
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34"dwcj0
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igncu."rktkpi."fcp"ugpfqm0
50" Fqpk"dgtlwcncp"dclw"fk"rcuct0"Ugvkcr"ugvgpicj"jctk."kc"ocorw"ogplwcn"dclw"
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;: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
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50" F E
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F0" Lcycdncj"uqcn/uqcn"fk"dcycj"kpk"fgpicp"dgpct0
30" Jcfk"dgtockp"ugrcm"dqnc"ugncoc"3.7"lco0"Mgowfkcp."kc"dgtucoc"vgocp/
vgocpp{c"ogpqpvqp"VX"ugncoc"3"lco0"Dgtcrc"fgvkm"kc"dgtockp"ugrcm"dqnc"
fcp"ogpqpvqp"vgngxkukA
40" Rcm"Jcfkocp"ogocpgp"rcfk"fk"ucycj0"Kc"ogoknkmk"vkic"rgvcm"ucycj0"Rgvcm"
rgtvcoc"ogpijcuknmcp"rcfk"4"vqp."rgvcm"mgfwc"ogpijcukn"rcfk":"mwkpvcn."
fcp"rgvcm"mgvkic"ogpijcuknmcp"rcfk"3.7"vqp0"Dgtcrc"mknqitco"jcukn"rcpgp"
rcfk"Rcm"Jcfkocp"ugnwtwjp{cA
50" Lctcm"fctk"Cegj"mg"Lcmctvc"cfcncj"30222"mo0"Lctcm"Lcmctvc"mg"Ugoctcpi"
cfcncj"622"mo0"Dgtcrc"ogvgt"lctcm"fctk"Cegj"mg"UgoctcpiA
60" Dw"[cpvk"ogodgnk"rktkpi"5"nwukp."ugpfqm"6"nwukp."fcp"igncu"ugvgpicj"nwukp0"
Dgtcrc"dwcj"dgncplccp"Dw"[cpvk"ugnwtwjp{cA
70" Twocj"Cpfk"dgtlctcm"4"mo"fctk"ugmqncj0"Ugogpvctc"kvw."lctcm"twocj"Tkpc"
mg"ugmqncj"cfcncj"3"mo0"Dgtcrc"ogvgt"lctcm"twocj"Tkpc"mg"twocj"CpfkA"
Lgncumcp#

322 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Dcd
6 Lclctigplcpi"fcp"
Ugikvkic

Sumber: yyy0iqqing0eq0kf

Rgtjcvkmcp"icodct"twocj"fk"cvcu0
Vwplwmmcp"ocpc"{cpi"dgtdgpvwm"ugikvkic"fcp"lclctigplcpi0"Fcrcvmcj"mcow"
ogpijkvwpi"mgnknkpi"fcp"nwcup{cA"Dcickocpcmcj"ectc"ogpijkvwpi"mgnknkpi"fcp"
nwcup{cA"C{q"dgtucoc"fkrgnclctk0

Mcow"cmcp"dgnclct

Ogpijkvwpi"mgnknkpi"fcp"nwcu"lclctigplcpi"fcp"ugikvkic0

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 323
C0 Mgnknkpi"fcp"Nwcu"Lclctigplcpi
Crc"lclctigplcpi"kvwA"Fk"twocjow"owpimkp"cfc"dcpiwp"{cpi"dgtdgpvwm"
lclctigplcpi0"Eqdc"mcow"rgtjcvkmcp"dgpvwm"dcpiwp"lclctigplcpi"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Kvw"lclctigplcpi0

ukuk"oktkpi vkpiik

cncu

30" Ogpgowmcp"Mgnknkpi"Lclctigplcpi
Crc"{cpi"fkocmuwf"fgpicp"mgnknkpiA"Mgnknkpi"cfcncj"rcplcpi"ugowc"ukuk"
{cpi"ogodcvcuk"uwcvw"dkfcpi"fcvct0"Dkfcpi"fcvct"wpvwm"rgodcjcucp"mcnk"kpk"
cfcncj" lclctigplcpi0" Wpvwm" ogpgowmcp" mgnknkpi" lclctigplcpi." eqdcncj" mcow"
ncmwmcp"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Ugfkcmcp<"ugdwcj"dgpcpi."ugngodct"mgtvcu"mctvqp."fcp"gorcv"dwcj"
lctwo"rgpvwn0
30" Fk"cvcu"mgtvcu"mctvqp."dwcvncj"ugdwcj"lclctigplcpi"fgpicp"rcplcpi"cncu"
32"eo"fcp"vkpiik"8"eo0
40" Mgowfkcp."rcfc"vkcr/vkcr"rqlqmp{c"fkvcpecrmcp"ugdwcj"lctwo"rgpvwn0
50" Wmwtncj"ugnwtwj"ukuk"lclctigplcpi"kvw"qngj"dgpcpi"fgpicp"dcpvwcp"lctwo"
rgpvwn"vcfk0
60" Fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"okuvct."wmwtncj"rcplcpi"vcnk"vcfk0
70" Dgtcrcmcj"rcplcpi"vcnkA"Rcplcpi"vcnk"cfcncj"mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi0

324 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Fctk"mgikcvcp"vcfk."mcow"uwfcj"ogpgowmcp"rgtucoccp"mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi"
ugdcick"dgtkmwv0

F E

CD"?"FE"fcp"CF"?"DE

C D

Mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi"?"CD"-"DE"-"EF"-"CF
" " ?"CD"-"EF"-"DE"-"CF
" " ?"CD"-"CD"-"CF"-"CF
" " ?"*4"î"CD+"-"*4"î"CF+
Mctgpc"CD"cfcncj"rcplcpi"cncu"fcp"CF"cfcncj"rcplcpi"ukuk"oktkpi."ocmc<

Mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi"?"*4"î"rcplcpi"cncu+"-"*4"î"rcplcpi"ukuk"oktkpi+

Vwicu

Dgtucoc"mgnqorqmow."ectkncj"dcpiwp/dcpiwp"fk"ugmqncjow"{cpi"ogp{gtwrck"
lclctigplcpi0"Mgowfkcp."wmwtncj"mgnknkpip{c0

Eqpvqj
Vgpvwmcpncj"mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi"dgtkmwv0
Lcycd

7"eo

9"eo

Rcplcpi"cncu"?"9"eo="rcplcpi"ukuk"oktkpi"?"7"eo
Mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi" ?"*4"î"rcplcpi"cncu+"-"*4"î"rcplcpi"ukuk"oktkpi+
" ?"*4"î"9"eo+"-"*4"î"7"eo+
" ?"36"eo"-"32"eo"?"46"eo
Lcfk."mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi"cfcncj"46"eo0

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 325
Ncvkjcp
C{q"jkvwpi"mgnknkpi"lclctigplcpi"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" 40" " " " "

8"eo 8"eo

:"eo 32"eo

50" 60" " " " "


6"eo
:"eo
34"eo
37"eo
70"
8"eo

42"eo

40" Ogpgowmcp"Nwcu"Lclctigplcpi
Crc"{cpi"fkocmuwf"fgpicp"nwcuA"
Fcnco" mgjkfwrcp" ugjctk" jctk." mcow" owpimkp" rgtpcj" ogpfgpict" kuvkncj"
ugorkv"fcp"nwcu."ugrgtvk"icpi"ugorkv"cvcw"ncrcpicp"ugrcm"dqnc"{cpi"nwcu0"
Nwcu"cfcncj"wmwtcp"ugorkv"cvcw"vkfcmp{c"uwcvw"dkfcpi"fcvct0"Dkfcpi"fcvct"{cpi"
fkocmuwf"fcnco"rgodcjcucp"ugmctcpi"cfcncj"lclctigplcpi0
Dcickocpcmcj"ectc"ogpectk"nwcu"lclctigplcpiA"Ncmwmcpncj"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
30" Ugfkcmcp"ugdwcj"mgtvcu"dgtrgvcm0
40" Dwcvncj"ugdwcj"lclctigplcpi0

vkpiik

cncu

326 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
" Cfc"dgtcrc"rgvcm"rcplcpi"lclctigplcpi"vgtugdwvA"Dgtcrc"rgvcm"vkpiikp{cA
50" Iwpvkpincj"dcikcp"ugikvkic"ugdgncj"mktk"lclctigplcpi0"Mgowfkcp."rkpfcjmcp"
mg"dcikcp"ugdgncj"mcpcp0

Iwpvkpi"fk"ukpk

" Dcpiwp"crcmcj"{cpi"mcow"fcrcvmcp"ugmctcpiA
" Dgtcrc"rcplcpi"dcpiwp"vgtugdwvA"Dgtcrc"ngdctp{cA
60" Nwcu"dcpiwp"vgtugdwv"ucoc"fgpicp"nwcu"lclctigplcpi0
cncu rcplcpi

vkpiik ? ngdct

" Rcplcpi"?"cncu"fcp"Ngdct"?"vkpiik
" Nwcu"lclctigplcpi"?"""000"î"000

Ugrgtvk"rcfc"mgikcvcp"vcfk."nwcu"lclctigplcpi"fcrcv"fkectk"fctk"nwcu"rgtugik"
rcplcpi0"Rcfc"lclctigplcpi."rcplcpi"?"cncu"fcp"ngdct"?"vkpiik."ugjkpiic"twowu"
wpvwm"ogpectk"nwcu"fcrcv"fkvwnku<

Nwcu"lclctigplcpi"?""cncu"î"vkpiik

Eqpvqj
30" Cfk" ogoknkmk" ugdwcj" dcpiwp" lclctigplcpi" ugrgtvk"
icodct"fk"ucorkpi0"Vgpvwmcpncj"dgtcrc"nwcup{c0
6"eo
Lcycd
cncu"?":"eo="vkpiik" ?"6"eo
Nwcu"lclctigplcpi"?"Cncu"î"vkpiik :"eo
" ?":"eo"î"6"eo
" ?"54"eo4

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 327
Ncvkjcp
C0" C{q"jkvwpi"nwcu"lclctigplcpi"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30 6"eo 60 8"eo

4"eo 5"eo

40 :"eo 70 32"eo

6"eo
7"eo

50 42"eo

8"eo

D0" C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Fk"ugdwcj"twocj"vgtfcrcv"tcpimc"mc{w"{cpi"dgtdgpvwm"lclctigplcpi."
cncup{c"62"eo"fcp"vkpiikp{c"32"eo0"

" Dgtcrcmcj"nwcu"lclctigplcpi"vgtugdwvA

328 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
40" Kjucp"ogoknkmk"mgdwp"fk"fgrcp"twocjp{c"ugrgtvk"icodct"dgtkmwv0

34"eo

9"eo " Dgtcrcmcj"nwcu"mgdwp"vgtugdwvA

50" [gpk"dgtlcncp/lcncp"mg"ugdwcj"vcocp0"Fk"vcocp"kc"ognkjcv"ugdwcj"icycpi"
{cpi" uwfcj" oktkpi" mg" mcpcp0"Crcdknc" fkrgtjcvkmcp" fgpicp" ucmucoc."
icycpi"vgtugdwv"dgtdgpvwm"lclctigplcpi"*nkjcv"icodct"dgtkmwv+0

" Lkmc"cncu"icycpi"7"ogvgt"fcp"vkpiikp{c"4"ogvgt."dgtcrcmcj"nwcu"icycpi"
vgtugdwvA

D0 Mgnknkpi"fcp"Nwcu"Ugikvkic
Crc"ugikvkic"kvwA"Ugrgtvk"crc"dgpvwmp{cA"Crcmcj"fk"twocjow"cfc"dgpfc"
{cpi"dgtdgpvwm"ugikvkicA"Ugdwvmcpncj0
Dgtkmwv"kpk"cfcncj"eqpvqj"icodct"ugikvkic0

vkpiik

vkpiik
vkpiik

cncu cncu cncu

ugikvkic"ucoc"mcmk ugikvkic"ukmw/ukmw ugikvkic"ucoc"ukuk

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 329
Vwicu

30" Ugdwvmcpncj"ukhcv/ukhcv"fctk"ugikvkic"ucoc"mcmk0
40" Ugdwvmcpncj"ukhcv/ukhcv"fctk"ugikvkic"ukmw/ukmw0
50" Ugdwvmcpncj"ukhcv/ukhcv"fctk"ugikvkic"ucoc"ukuk0

30" Ogpgowmcp"Mgnknkpi"Ugikvkic
Wpvwm"ogpgowmcp"twowu"mgnknkpi"ugikvkic."ncmwmcp"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
30" Ugfkcmcp"ugngodct"mgtvcu"mctvqp."vcnk"dgpcpi."fcp"lctwo"rgpvwn0"
Mgowfkcp."dwcvncj"ugdwcj"ugikvkic"ukmw/ukmw"rcfc"mgtvcu"mctvqp"
vgtugdwv0
40" Nknkvmcp"dgpcpi"ogpignknkpik"ukuk/ukuk"ugikvkic0"Vcjcpncj"dgpcpi"rcfc"ucvw"

rqlqmcp"ogpiiwpcmcp"lctwo"rgpvwn0
50" Ugvgncj" ugnguck" rgpiwmwtcp." wmwtncj" rcplcpi" dgpcpi" ogpiiwpcmcp"

dgpcpi

okuvct0"Dgtcrc"rcplcpi"dgpcpi"vgtugdwvA"Rcplcpi"dgpcpi"cfcncj"mgnknkpi"
ugikvkic0

Fctk"mgikcvcp"vcfk."fcrcv"fkukorwnmcp"dcjyc"twowu"mgnknkpi"wpvwm"ugikvkic"
cfcncj<

32: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"?"Lwoncj"rcplcpi"mgvkic"ukukp{c

Eqpvqj"
30" Vgpvwmcp"mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"dgtkmwv0

8"eo ;"eo

32"eo
" Lcycd
" Mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"?"lwoncj"rcplcpi"mgvkic"ukukp{c
" " ?"32"eo"-";"eo"-"8"eo
" " ?"47"eo
" Lcfk."mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"cfcncj"47"eo0

40" Dgtcrcmcj"mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"ucoc"ukuk"dgtkmwvA

7"eo 7"eo

7"eo

" Mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"ucoc"ukuk" ?"7"eo"-"7"eo"-"7"eo


" " ?"37"eo
" Lcfk."mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"ucoc"ukuk"cfcncj"37"eo0

Ncvkjcp
C0" C{q"jkvwpi"mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"dgtkmwv0
30 40
;"eo 9"eo 9"eo 32"eo

:"eo ;"eo

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 32;
50 60
9"eo 8"eo 5"eo 7"eo

33"eo 6"eo

70

:"eo

D0" Eqdc"ugnguckmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv0
30" Ugdwcj" ugikvkic" ogoknkmk" rcplcpi" ukuk" 34" eo." 36." eo" fcp" 42" eo0"
Mgnknkpip{c"cfcncj"”"eo0
40" Rcm"Fctocp"ogoknkmk"mgdwp"dgtdgpvwm"ugikvkic"fgpicp"rcplcpi"ukuk"7"
o."9"o."fcp";"o0"Mgnknkpi"mgdwp"Rcm"Fctocp"cfcncj"”"o0
50"

37"eo 37"eo
C

32"eo " Mgnknkpi" ugikvkic" C" fcp" ugikvkic" D" fk"


ucorkpi"cfcncj"”"eo"fcp"”"eo0
D 7"eo

60" Cokp"ogoknkmk"ockpcp"ugikvkic"ugrgtvk"icodct"dgtkmwv0

72"eo
42"eo

52"eo

" Mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"oknkm"Cokp"vgtugdwv"cfcncj"”"eo0

332 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
70" Rgtjcvkmcp"icodct"twocj"dgtkmwv0

4"o

" Mgnknkpi"ugikvkic"rcfc"twocj"vgtugdwv"cfcncj"”"o0

40" Ogpgowmcp"Nwcu"Ugikvkic
Fk"mgncu"vkic."mcow"uwfcj"dgnclct"vgpvcpi"nwcu"rgtugikrcplcpi0"Twowu"nwcu"
rgtugikrcplcpi"cfcncj"ugdcick"dgtkmwv<

Nwcu"rgtugik"rcplcpi"?"rcplcpi"î"ngdct

Fctk"nwcu"rgtugik"rcplcpi"vgtugdwv."mcow"fcrcv"ogpgowmcp"nwcu"ugikvkic0"
Dcickocpcmcj"ectcp{cA"Wpvwm"ogpigvcjwkp{c."ncmwmcpncj"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
30" Ugfkcmcpncj"ugngodct"mgtvcu"dgtrgvcm0"Mgowfkcp."dwcvncj"ugdwcj"
rgtugikrcplcpi""fgpicp"rcplcpi"9"rgvcm"ucvwcp"fcp"ngdct"6"rgvcm"
ucvwcp0"Dgtcrc"rgvcm"ucvwcp"nwcup{cA

ngdct"?"vkpiik

rcplcpi"?"cncu

" Cfc"dgtcrc"dcp{cm"rgvcm"ucvwcp"{cpi"ogpwvwrk"rgtugikrcplcpiA

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 333
40" Dwcvncj" ugdwcj" ictku" fkciqpcn" rcfc" rgtugikrcplcpi" {cpi" vgtdgpvwm"
ugjkpiic"vgtdgpvwm"ugdwcj"ugikvkic"ukmw/ukmw"*nkjcv"icodct+0

Dcpiwp"kpk"
vkpiik cfcncj"ugdwcj"
ugikvkic"ukmw/
ukmw

cncu

" Dcpiwp"{cpi"fkjkvcomcp"cfcncj"ugikvkic0"
50" Jkvwpincj"nwcu"ugikvkic"fgpicp"ectc"ogpijkvwpi"dcp{cm"rgvcm"ucvwcp"{cpi"
ogpwvwrk"ugikvkic"vgtugdwv0"Cfc"dgtcrc"rgvcmmcjA
60" Dcpfkpimcp"nwcu"ugikvkic"vgtugdwv"fgpicp"nwcu"rgtugikrcplcpi0"Ocpc"{cpi"
ngdkj"nwcuA"Dgtcrc"mcnk"nwcu"ugikvkic"fctk"nwcu"rgtugikrcplcpiA

Fctk"mgikcvcp"vcfk"fcrcv"fkukorwnmcp"dcjyc"nwcu"ugikvkic."{ckvw<

3
Nwcu"ugikvkic"?"¤"î"cncu"î"vkpiik
4

Cict"mcow"fcrcv"ngdkj"ogocjcokp{c."rgtjcvkmcpncj"eqpvqj"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Eqpvqj
30" Jkvwpincj"nwcu"ugikvkic"dgtkmwv"kpk0

8"eo

:"eo
Lcycd
cncu"?":"eo="vkpiik"?"8"eo
3
Nwcu"ugikvkic"?"¤"î"cncu"î"vkpiik
4
3
" ?"¤"î":"eo"î"8"eo
4
" ?"6"eo"î"8"eo"?"46"eo4
Lcfk."nwcu"ugikvkic"cfcncj"46"eo40

334 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
40" Jkvwpincj"nwcu"ugikvkic"dgtkmwv0
Lcycd

8"eo

32"eo

cncu"?"32"eo="vkpiik"?"8"eo
3
Nwcu"ugikvkic"?"¤"î"cncu"î"vkpiik
4
3
" ?"¤"î"32"eo"î"8"eo
4
" ?"7"eo"î"8"eo
" ?"52"eo4
Lcfk."nwcu"ugikvkic"cfcncj"52"eo40

Ncvkjcp
Jkvwpincj"nwcu"ocukpi/ocukpi"ugikvkic"dgtkmwv0
30 40

6"eo
7"eo

32"eo
:"eo

50 60

8"eo 32"eo

:"eo
33"eo

70 80
36"eo
;"eo
9"eo

8"eo

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 335
90 33"eo :0

43"eo
37"eo

52"eo

;0 44"eo 320 46"eo

44"eo
42"eo

E0 Ocucncj"{cpi"Dgtmckvcp"fgpicp"Mgnknkpi"fcp"Nwcu"
Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic
Fcnco" mgjkfwrcp" ugjctk/jctk." dcp{cm" ocucncj" {cpi" dgtmckvcp" fgpicp"
mgnknkpi"fcp"nwcu"fctk"lclctigplcpi"fcp"ugikvkic0"Dgtkmwv"kpk"cfcncj"eqpvqjp{c0

Eqpvqj
Dwfk"dgtwncpi"vcjwp"{cpi"mg/;0"Kc"fkdgtkmcp"mwg"wncpi"vcjwp"qngj"kdwp{c0"Mwg"
vgtugdwv"dgtdgpvwm"lclctigplcpi0"Ugrgtvk"{cpi"fkvwplwmmcp"qngj"icodct"dgtkmwv0"
Dgtcrcmcj"mgnknkpi"fcp"nwcu"rgtowmccp"cvcu"mwg"wncpi"vcjwp"DwfkA

34"eo 37"eo

3;"eo

Lcycd
cncu"?"3;"eo="vkpiik"?"34"eo="ukuk"oktkpi"?"37"eo0
c0" Mgnknkpi" ?"4"î"*rcplcpi"cncu"-"rcplcpi"ukuk"oktkpi+
" " ?"4"î"*3;"eo"-"37"eo+
" " ?"4"î"56"eo"?"8:"eo

336 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
d0" Nwcu" ?"cncu"î"vkpiik
" " ?"3;"eo"î"34"eo
" " ?"44:"eo4

Ncvkjcp
Mgtlcmcpncj"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Cfk"ogoknkmk"ockpcp"{cpi"dgtdgpvwm"lclctigplcpi0"Rcplcpi"cncup{c"8"
eo"fcp"ukuk"oktkpi"6"eo."ugfcpimcp"vkpiikp{c"5"eo0"Dgtcrcmcj"mgnknkpi"
fcp"nwcu"lclctigplcpi"vgtugdwvA
40" Fk" fcnco" ugdwcj" etcpg" wpvwm" ogodwcv" dcpiwpcp." vgtfcrcv" tcpimc/
tcpimc"dguk"{cpi"ogodgpvwm"lclctigplcpi0"Lkmc"ngdct"tcpimc"vgtugdwv"
cfcncj"72"eo"fcp"rcplcpi"cncup{c"3"o."dgtcrcmcj"nwcu"lclctigplcpiA

50" Oktpc"ogoknkmk"rcict"twocj"{cpi"vgtdwcv"fctk"tcpimc"dguk0"Rcictp{c"
vgtugdwv"dgtdgpvwm"ugrgtvk"icodct"dgtkmwv0

" Rcplcpi"tcpimc"ucoc."{ckvw":2"eo."ugfcpimcp"vkpiik"rcict"cfcncj"342"
eo0"Dgtcrcmcj"mgnknkpi"fcp"nwcu"lclctigplcpi"{cpi"cfc"rcfc"rcictA
60" Rcm" Uwlcpc" ogoknkmk" ucycj"
{cpi" dgtdgpvwm" lclctigplcpi0"
Rcplcpi" ukukp{c" cfcncj" 72" o"
fcp"64"o."ugfcpimcp"vkpiikp{c" 54"o
54" o0" Dgtcrcmcj" mgnknkpi" fcp" 64"o
nwcu"ucycj"Rcm"UwlcpcA
72"o

Dcd"6"/"Lclctigplcpi"fcp"Ugikvkic 337
70" Cfk" ogoknkmk" lcncp" mg" twocj" vgtdwcv" fctk" dcvw" dcvc" {cpi" dgtdgpvwm"
lclctigplcpi0"Rcplcpi"ukuk/ukuk"cfcncj"32"eo"fcp":"eo."ugtvc"vkpiikp{c"
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C0" Kukncj"vkvkm/vkvkm"rcfc"uqcn"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"ukpimcv0
30" Dkncpicp"fcuct"Tqocyk"cfcncj"3"?"”="7"?"”="32"?"”="fcp"72"?"”
40" Ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"fctk"52"cfcncj"”0
50" Ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"fctk"72"cfcncj"”0

D0" Dgtkncj"vcpfc"*Z+"rcfc"lcycdcp"{cpi"dgpct0

30" Ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"fctk"55"cfcncj"”0
c0" ZZZKKK" " " "
d0" ZZZKKX" " " "
e0" ZZZXKKK

40" Ncodcpi"dkncpicp"ececj"fctk"ZZX"cfcncj"”0
c0" 43" " " " "
d0" 47" " " " "
e0" 52

50" Jcukn"fctk"KKK"-"KX"?"”0
c0" XKK" " " " "
d0" XKKKK"" " " "
e0" KKKKX

60" Jcukn"fctk"ZKX"-"ZZX"?"”0
c0" ZZZKZ" " " "
d0" NKZK"" " " "
e0" KKKKZ

70" Ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"jcukn"fctk"47"-"47"?"”0
c0" NZ" " " " "
d0" N" " " " "
e0" NX

398 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
80" Ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"jcukn"fctk"52"-"47"?"”0
c0" NKX" " " " "
d0" N" " " " "
e0" NX
90" Jcukn"fctk"82"⁄"42"?"”0
c0" ZN" " " " "
d0" NX" "
e0" NZ

E0" Ugnguckmcpncj"rgtvcp{ccp/rgtvcp{ccp"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"dgpct0
30" Vwnkumcp"ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"fctk"84."87."92."fcp":20
40" Ncodcpi"dkncpicp"cunk"fctk"NXKK."NZ."NZKK."fcp"ZN0
50" Dwcvncj"ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"fctk"cpimc"3"ucorck"720
60" Vwnkuncj"rgplwoncjcp"dgtkmwv"fcnco"dkncpicp"cunk"fcp"jkvwpincj"jcuknp{c<
c0" ZKK"-"X"?"”0"" "
d0" ZZK"-"KZ"?"”0" "
e0" KK"-"ZZX"?"”0
f0" KKK"-"ZZZK"?"”0
g0" Z"-"N"?"”

70" Vwnkuncj" rgplwoncjcp" dgtkmwv" fcnco" dkncpicp" Tqocyk" fcp" jkvwpincj"


jcuknp{c<
c0" 4"-":"?"”0" " "
d0" 34"-"3;"?"”0" " "
e0" 47"-"37"?"”0
f0" 57"-"37"?"”0
g0" 68"-"36"?"”

F0" Ugnguckmcpncj" uqcn/uqcn" dgtkmwv" kpk0" Iwpcmcpncj" ncpimcj/ncpimcj"


rgogecjcp"ocucncj"ocvgocvkmc0
3" Pgictc"mkvc"Tgrwdnkm"Kpfqpgukc"rcfc"Ciwuvwu"422:"ogtc{cmcp"wncpi"vcjwp"
{cpi"mg"850"Vwnkumcpncj"fcnco"dkncpicp"Tqocyk0
40" Vwnkuncj"fcnco"dkncpicp"Tqocyk"wtwvcp"vkpimcvcp"mgncu"fk"UF0
5" Cpfk"ugfcpi"ogodcec"dwmw"lco"6"uqtg"dctw"ucorck"dcd"40"Vwnkuncj"mcnkocv"
vgtugdwv"fcnco"dkncpicp"Tqocyk0

Dcd"9"/"Dkncpicp"Tqocyk 399
60" Ugrcm"dqnc"Kpfqpgukc"ogpgorcvk"wtwvcp"mg"82"fk"vkpimcv"fwpkc0"Vwnkuncj"
mcnkocv"vgtugdwv"fcnco"ncodcpi"dkncpicp"Tqocyk0
70" Dwcvncj" ugdwcj" rgplwoncjcp" fcp" rgpiwtcpicp" fcnco" dgpvwm" dkncpicp"
Tqocyk"{cpi"jcuknp{c"520

39: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Dcd Dcpiwp"Twcpi"
: Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"
Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct

Twcpi"vcow"twocj"C{w"vcorcm"ugrgtvk"icodct"fk"cvcu0"Cfc"nwmkucp"{cpi"
dgtdgpvwm"ugikgorcv."cfc"rwnc"ngoctk"{cpi"dgtdgpvwm"dcnqm0"Cfcmcj"dgpfc"
{cpi"ukogvtkuA

Mcow"cmcp"dgnclct

Ogpgpvwmcp"ukhcv/ukhcv"dcpiwp"twcpi"ugfgtjcpc"fcp"dcpiwp"fcvct"ukogvtku0

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 39;
C0 Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc
Crcmcj" {cpi" fkocmuwf" fgpicp" dcpiwp" twcpi" ugfgtjcpcA" Dcickocpc"
ukhcv/ukhcvp{cA"C{q"egtocvk"wtckcp"dgtkmwv0

30" Ogpigpcn"Dcpiwp"Dcnqm"fcp"Mwdwu"ugtvc"Ukhcv/ukhcvp{c
Dgpfc"{cpi"dgtdgpvwm"dcnqm"fcp"mwdwu"dcp{cm"fkvgowmcp"fcnco"mgjkfwrcp"
ugjctk/jctk0"Eqpvqjp{c"cfcncj"ugdcick"dgtkmwv0

Sumber: iqqing0eq0kf
Sumber: Enkrctv

c0" Ukhcv/Ukhcv"Dcnqm
Rgtjcvkmcp"dcpiwp"dcnqm"fk"dcycj"kpk0
Vkvkm"uwfwv
Twuwm

Ukuk

Cfc"dgtcrc"ictku"{cpi"ogp{wuwp"dcnqmA"Twcu"ictku"rcfc"dcnqm"fkpcocmcp"
twuwm0"Dcickocpcmcj"rgtdcpfkpicp"rcplcpi"cpvcttwuwm"dcnqmA"
Rgtvgowcp"mgvkic"twuwm"dcnqm"cmcp"ogodgpvwm"ugdwcj"uwfwv0"Vkvkm"vgorcv"
rgtvgowcp"kvw"fkpcocmcp"vkvkm"uwfwv0"Cfc"dgtcrc"vkvkm"uwfwv"rcfc"dcnqmA
Dcnqm"vgtugdwv"fknkpimwrk"qngj"dgdgtcrc"dkfcpi0"Dkfcpi"kvw"fkpcocmcp"ukuk0"
Cfc"dgtcrc"dwcj"ukuk"rcfc"dcnqmA"Dgtdgpvwm"crc"ukuk"dcnqmA
Ugowc"rgtvcp{ccp"fk"cvcu."eqdc"mcow"lcycd"fcnco"ncvkjcp"dgtkmwv0

Ncvkjcp
30" Dcnqm"ogorwp{ck"twuwm"ugdcp{cm"”"dwcj0
40" Dcnqm"ogorwp{ck"vkvkm"uwfwv"ugdcp{cm"”"dwcj0

3:2 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
50" Dcnqm"ogorwp{ck"ukuk"ugdcp{cm"”"dwcj0
60" Crcmcj"ugowc"twuwm"dcnqm"ucoc"rcplcpiA"”"*lcycd"{c"cvcw"vkfcm+0
70" Ukuk"dcnqm"dgtdgpvwm"”"*lcycd"rgtugik"cvcw"rgtugikrcplcpi+0

d0" Ukhcv/Ukhcv"Mwdwu
Rgtjcvkmcp"dcpiwp"mwdwu"fk"dcycj"kpk0

Vkvkm"uwfwv
Twuwm

Ukuk

Cfc" dgtcrc" ictku" {cpi" ogp{wuwp" mwdwuA" Twcu" ictku" rcfc" mwdwu"
fkpcocmcp"twuwm0"Dcickocpcmcj"rgtdcpfkpicp"rcplcpi"cpvcttwuwm"mwdwuA"
Rgtvgowcp"mgvkic"twuwm"mwdwu"cmcp"ogodgpvwm"ugdwcj"uwfwv0"Vkvkm"vgorcv"
rgtvgowcp"kvw"fkpcocmcp"vkvkm"uwfwv0"Cfc"dgtcrc"vkvkm"uwfwv"rcfc"mwdwuA
Mwdwu" vgtugdwv" fknkpimwrk" qngj" dgdgtcrc" dkfcpi0" Dkfcpi" kvw" fkpcocmcp"
ukuk0"Cfc"dgtcrc"dwcj"ukuk"rcfc"mwdwuA"Dgtdgpvwm"crc"ukuk"mwdwuA
Ugowc"rgtvcp{ccp"fk"cvcu."eqdc"mcow"lcycd"fcnco"ncvkjcp"dgtkmwv0

Ncvkjcp
30" Mwdwu"ogorwp{ck"twuwm"ugdcp{cm"”"dwcj0
40" Mwdwu"ogorwp{ck"vkvkm"uwfwv"ugdcp{cm"”"dwcj0
50" Mwdwu"ogorwp{ck"ukuk"ugdcp{cm"”"dwcj0
60" Crcmcj"ugowc"twuwm"mwdwu"ucoc"rcplcpiA"”"*lcycd"{c"cvcw"vkfcm+0
70" Ukuk"mwdwu"dgtdgpvwm"”"*lcycd"rgtugik"cvcw"rgtugikrcplcpi+0

Ugvgncj" mcow" fcrcv" ogplcycd" rgtvcp{ccp/rgtvcp{ccp" fk" cvcu." fcrcv"


fkukorwnmcp"ukhcv/ukhcv"dcnqm"fcp"mwdwu"ugdcick"dgtkmwv0
30" Ukhcv/ukhcv"dcnqm"cfcncj<
c0" Ogoknkmk"34"twuwm0
d0" Wpvwm"twuwm"{cpi"uglclct."rcplcpip{c"ucoc0
e0" Ogoknkmk"8"ukuk"fcp"vkcr"ukuk"dgtdgpvwm"rgtugikrcplcpi"ugtvc"ukuk"{cpi"
dgtjcfcrcp"nwcup{c"ucoc0
f0" Dcp{cm"vkvkm"uwfwvp{c"cfc":"dwcj0

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 3:3
40" Ukhcv/ukhcv"mwdwu"cfcncj<
c0" Ogoknkmk"34"twuwm0
d0" Twuwm/twuwmp{c"ucoc"rcplcpi0
e0" Ogoknkmk"8"ukuk."vkcr"ukuk"dgtdgpvwm"rgtugik"fcp"ucoc"nwcup{c0
f0" Dcp{cm"vkvkm"uwfwvp{c"cfc":"dwcj0

Vwicu

Dgtucoc" mgnqorqmow." eqdc" fkumwukmcp" crc" rgtdgfccp" cpvctc" ukhcv/ukhcv"


dcnqm"fcp"ukhcv/ukhcv"mwdwu0

40" Ogpiicodct"Dcnqm"fcp"Mwdwu
Mkvc" fcrcv" ogodwcv" icodct" mwdwu" fgpicp" dgdgtcrc" ectc0" Rgtjcvkmcp"
icodct"dgtkmwv0

mkvc"fcrcv"ogpiicodct"
ugdwcj"dcpiwp"mwdwu"
C fgpicp"dgtdcick"ectc0

Mcow"fcrcv"ogpiicodct"mwdwu"fcp"dcnqm"rcfc"ugdwcj"mgtvcu"{cpi"uwfcj"
fkdgtk"vkvkm/vkvkm"dgtkmwv0

3:4 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Kpk"cfcncj"icodct"
ugdwcj"mwdwu0

Kpk"cfcncj"icodct"
ugdwcj"dcnqm0

Ncvkjcp
C0" Icodctncj" nkoc" oceco" mwdwu" fgpicp" rcplcpi" twuwm" {cpi" dgtdgfc"
rcfc"mgtvcu"dgtvkvkm"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 3:5
D0" Icodctncj"nkoc"oceco"dcnqm"fgpicp"rcplcpi"twuwm"{cpi"dgtdgfc"rcfc"
mgtvcu"dgtvkvkm"dgtkmwv"kpk0

D0 Lctkpi/Lctkpi"Mwdwu"fcp"Dcnqm
Mcow" uwfcj" ogocjcok" ukhcv/ukhcv" dcnqm" fcp" mwdwu" ugtvc" fcrcv"
ogpiicodctmcpp{c0"Ugmctcpi."mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"ogpgpvwmcp"lctkpi/lctkpi"
dcnqm"fcp"mwdwu0"C{q"egtocvk"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0

30" Lctkpi/Lctkpi"Mwdwu
Rgtjcvkmcpncj"icodct"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Mwdwu"vgtugdwv"fkrqvqpi"rcfc"ukuk/ukuk"vgtvgpvw"ugjkpiic"ogplcfk"dcpiwp"
fcvct"dgtkmwv<

Icodct"fk"cvcu"fkugdwv"lctkpi/lctkpi"mwdwu0

3:6 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
Vwicu

Ugdwvmcp"ektk"fctk"lctkpi/lctkpi"mwdwu"{cpi"fcrcv"mcow"cocvk0
Fkumwukmcp"fgpicp"vgocp"ugdcpimwow0

Dgtkmwv"cfcncj"lctkpi/lctkpi"mwdwu"{cpi"nckpp{c0

40" Lctkpi/Lctkpi"Dcnqm
Rgtjcvkmcpncj"icodct"dcnqm"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Dcnqm"fk"cvcu"fkrqvqpi"rcfc"ukuk/ukuk"vgtvgpvw"ugjkpiic"vgtdgpvwm"ogplcfk"
dcpiwp"fcvct"dgtkmwv<

Icodct"fk"cvcu"fkugdwv"lctkpi/lctkpi"dcnqm0

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 3:7
Vwicu

Ugdwvmcp" ektk" fctk" lctkpi/lctkpi" dcnqm" {cpi" fcrcv" mcow" cocvk0" Fkumwukmcp"
fgpicp"vgocp"ugdcpimwow0

Ncvkjcp
C0" Vwplwmmcp"ocpc"{cpi"ogtwrcmcp"lctkpi/lctkpi"mwdwu"fcp"ocpc"{cpi"dwmcp0
30 40

50 60

70 80

D0" Vwplwmmcp"ocpc"{cpi"ogtwrcmcp"lctkpi/lctkpi"dcnqm"fcp"ocpc"{cpi"dwmcp0
30 40

3:8 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
50 60

70 80

E0" Dwcvncj"nkoc"oceco"lctkpi/lctkpi"mwdwu"rcfc"mgtvcu"dgtrgvcm0
F0" Dwcvncj"nkoc"oceco"lctkpi/lctkpi"dcnqm"rcfc"mgtvcu"dgtrgvcm0

E0 Dgpfc"fcp"Dcpiwp"Fcvct"Ukogvtku
30" Dgpfc"Ukogvtku
Dgdgtcrc"dgpfc"{cpi"cfc"fk"ugmkvctow"ogtwrcmcp"dgpfc"ukogvtku0"Dgtkmwv"
kpk"cfcncj"eqpvqj/eqpvqjp{c0

Dgpfc" ukogvtku" fcrcv" fkdcik" ogplcfk" fwc" dcikcp" {cpi" ucoc" dguct" fcp"
ucoc"dgpvwm0"Ictku"rgodcik"kvw"fkpcocmcp"ictku"ukogvtk0

Vwicu

Ecvcvncj"dgdgtcrc"dgpfc"fk"ugmkvctow"{cpi"dgpvwmp{c"ukogvtk0

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 3:9
40" Dcpiwp"Fcvct"Ukogvtku"fcp"Vkfcm"Ukogvtku
Rgtjcvkmcp"dcpiwp"fcvct"dgtkmwv"kpk0

D
C
E

G
F

H I
J

Fctk"icodct"fk"cvcu."mkvc"fcrcv"ogpiworwnmcp"dcpiwp"fcvct"{cpi"ukogvtku"
fcp"{cpi"vkfcm"ukogvtku"ugdcick"dgtkmwv0
c0" Dcpiwp"fcvct"ukogvtku

C D
E

H G

d0" Dcpiwp"fcvct"vkfcm"ukogvtku

F I
J

50" Ogodwcv"Dcpiwp"Ukogvtku"
Ektk"{cpi"rcnkpi"wvcoc"rcfc"dcpiwp"ukogvtku"cfcncj"lkmc"fknkrcv"fctk"wlwpi"
{cpi"ucvw"mg"wlwpi"{cpi"nckp."ugjkpiic"nkrcvcp"kvw"cmcp"vgrcv"ogpgorcvk"wlwpi"
nckpp{c0"Rgtjcvkmcp"eqpvqj"dgtkmwv0

3:: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
" " Fknkrcv"rcfc"ictku"ukogvtkp{c" " """"Jcukn"nkrcvcpp{c

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Ugfkcmcp<"ugngodct"mgtvcu"fcp"ugdwcj"iwpvkpi0
30" Nkrcvncj"mgtvcu"rcfc"dcikcp"vgpicjp{c0

40" Dwcvncj" ucncj" ucvw" ictku" icodct." mgowfkcp" iwpvkpincj" rcfc" ictku" kvw0"
Mgowfkcp."dwmcncj"nkrcvcpp{c0

" Dcpiwp"{cpi"mcow"fcrcvmcp"cfcncj"dcpiwp"ukogvtku0

60" Ektk/Ektk"Dcpiwp"{cpi"Ukogvtku
Lkmc"ugdwcj"dcpiwp"fcvct"dgtcvwtcp."dgpfc"vgtugdwv"vgtiqnqpi"ukogvtku0"
Dgtkmwv"cfcncj"dgdgtcrc"dcpiwp"fcvct"ugfgtjcpc"{cpi"ukogvtku0

Ugikvkic"ucoc"ukuk" Ugikvkic"ucoc"mcmk Rgtugik

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 3:;
Rgtugikrcplcpi Dgncj"mgvwrcv Nc{cpi/nc{cpi

Vtcrgukwo Ugiknkoc Ugikgpco

Nkpimctcp Gnkru

Fctk"ugowc"icodct"fk"cvcu"vcorcm"dcjyc"ugowc"dcpiwp"fcvct"vgtugdwv"
dgtcvwtcp0"Lkmc"mkvc"nkrcv."ocmc"cmcp"cfc"nkrcvcp"{cpi"vgrcv"ucoc"cpvctc"ugdgncj"
mktk"fgpicp"ugdgncj"mcpcp0"Dgpfc"fgokmkcp"fkpcocmcp"dgpfc"ukogvtku0

Ncvkjcp
Vwplwmmcp"ocpc"dcpiwp"{cpi"ukogvtku"fcp"ocpc"{cpi"vkfcm"ukogvtku0

C E
D

3;2 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
F H

I
K

L
M

70" Ogogtkmuc"Mgukogvtkucp"Dcpiwp"Fcvct
Ugmctcpi."mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"ogogtkmuc"ugdwcj"dcpiwp"fcvct."crcmcj"ukogvtku"
cvcw"vkfcm0"Mcow"fcrcv"ogpiiwpcmcp"ictku"ukogvtk"wpvwm"ogogtkmucp{c0
Vgncj"fkugdwvmcp"rcfc"rgodcjcucp"ugdgnwop{c"dcjyc"ictku"ukogvtk"cfcncj"
ictku" {cpi" fcrcv" ogodcik" fwc" dcikcp" dgpfc" cvcw" dcpiwp" fcvct" ugjkpiic"
ogplcfk"dcikcp/dcikcp"{cpi"ucoc"dguct"fcp"ucoc"dgpvwm0
ictku"ukogvtk"cvcw"
uwodw"ukogvtk

dcikcp"kpk"ucoc"dguct"
fcp"ucoc"dgpvwm

Rgtjcvkmcp"ncpimcj/ncpimcj"rgogtkmuccp"dcpiwp"ukogvtk"dgtkmwv0
30" Vgtngdkj"fcjwnw"vgpvwmcp"dcpiwp"fcvct"{cpi"cmcp"fkrgtkmuc"mgukogvtkucpp{c0"
Okucnp{c."dcpiwp"gnkru0

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 3;3
40" Dwcvncj"dgdgtcrc"ictku"ukogvtk"{cpi"ogowpimkpmcp"dcpiwp"vgtugdwv"vgtdcik"
fwc"fgpicp"ucoc"dguct0
d e f

50" Mgowfkcp." nkrcvncj" dgpfc" vgtugdwv" rcfc" ocukpi/ocukpi" uwodw" ukogvtk"


{cpi"vgncj"fkdwcv."{ckvw"uwodw"c."d."e."fcp"f0
Fctk" icodct" fk" cvcu" vcorcm" dcjyc" uwodw" c" fcp" e" fcrcv" ogoqvqpi"
gnkru" fgpicp" ucoc" dguct" fcp" ucoc" dgpvwm." ugfcpimcp" uwodw" d" fcp" f"
jcp{c"fcrcv"ogoqvqpi"gnkru"fgpicp"ucoc"dguct."pcowp"vkfcm"ucoc"dgpvwm0"
Fgpicp"fgokmkcp."uwodw"c"fcp"e"cfcncj"uwodw"ukogvtk0"Mgukorwncpp{c."gnkru"
ogtwrcmcp"dcpiwp"ukogvtk"fgpicp"uwodw/uwodw"ukogvtkp{c"cfcncj"c"fcp"e0

Ncvkjcp
C0" Rgtkmucncj" crcmcj" dcpiwp" dgtkmwv" ukogvtku" cvcw" vkfcm" fgpicp"
ogpiiwpcmcp"uwodw"ukogvtk0

C D E

H
F G

I
J K

M
L N

3;4 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
D0" Rgtkmucncj"crcmcj"dgpfc/dgpfc"dgtkmwv"ukogvtk"cvcw"vkfcm0

F0 Rgpegtokpcp"Dcpiwp"Fcvct
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ucoc" vkpiik" fgpicp" dc{cpicpowA" Mgowfkcp."
crcmcj" lctcmow" mg" egtokp" ucoc" rcplcpi" fgpicp"
egtokp" mg" dc{cpicpowA" Eqdcncj" cpimcv" vcpicp"
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mg"dc{cpicpow0"Ctcj"mktk"fgpicp"ctcj"mcpcp"cmcp"
vgtdcnkm."eqpvqjp{c"vcpicp"mcpcpow"cmcp"ogplcfk"vcpicp"mktk"dc{cpicpow"fcp"
vcpicp"mktkow"cmcp"ogplcfk"vcpicp"mcpcp"wpvwm"dc{cpicpow0
Dcickocpcmcj"ectc"ogpegtokpmcp"ugdwcj"dcpiwp"fcvct"vgtjcfcr"ugdwcj"
uwodw"fcvctA"Rgtjcvkmcp"wtckcpp{c"fk"dcycj"kpk0
Okucnmcp." mcow" cmcp" ogpegtokpmcp" ugdwcj" ugikvkic" vgtjcfcr" ugdwcj"
uwodw"fcvct0

Dcd":"/"Dcpiwp"Twcpi"Ugfgtjcpc"fcp"Jwdwpicp"Cpvctdcpiwp"Fcvct 3;5
S

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E D D‚ E‚

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50 60

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60" Kpk"cfcncj"lctkpi/lctkpi"dcnqm<

3;8 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
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60" Icodctncj"nc{cpi/nc{cpi"dgtkmwv"ugjkpiic"ogplcfk"dgpfc"{cpi"ukogvtku0

70" Dwcvncj"ugdwcj"dgpfc"{cpi"ogoknkmk"fwc"dwcj"uwodw"ukogvtk0

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3
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425
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cvcw"mwcnkvcu0"
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429
42: Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
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C0" C0"
40" 30453"-"*40564"-"443+"?"509;6 40" 6:
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40" e 40" e
60" e 60" c
80" c 80" d
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40" 40" 7"ykpfw
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" d0" 92
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40" /"32 60"
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8
320" c
340" e
360" e

432 Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6
ISBN 978-979-068-567-3 (no. jilid lengkap)
ISBN 978-979-068-571-0

Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) Rp17.451,--

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