Overview

A LED flashing briefly once every 5 seconds to imitate the indicator of a real alarm is the
function of this dummy alarm project with the use of a 7555 timer IC.

Explanation
To prolong battery life, the circuit was designed to use very little current in order to be
left ON permanently. Optionally, an ON/OFF switch may be included if desired. The
circuit uses a low power version of the standard 555 timer, the 7555 timer IC. A bright
flash with a low current is provided by a super bright red LED. The average total current
for the circuit is less than 0.2mA since the LED is OFF for most of the time. A set of 3
alkaline AA cells should last for several months or a year with this very low current.

A standard 555 timer IC can also be used in the circuit which will increase the average
current to about 2mA while the battery life will be much shorter. If a greater power
supply voltage at 15V maximum is used in this alarm, the 1K resistor for the LED should
be increased to keep the LED current low around 3mA.
Overview
The circuit was constructed to provide a simple electronic lock system based on a single
integrated circuit and will require a code of seven digits.

Terminology
• 4022 – a 4-stage CMOS counter with 8 decoded outputs used for binary
counter/decoder, divide-by-N counting, frequency division, decade
counter/decimal decode display, and counter control/timers due to its features
such as standardized symmetrical output characteristics, medium speed operation,
parametric ratings (5V, 10V, 15V), 100% tested for quiescent current at 20V, and
fully static operation
• BS170 – an N-channel enhancement mode field effect transistor designed to
minimize on-state resistance while providing reliable, rugged, and fast switching
performance and particularly suited for low voltage, low current application such
as power MOSFET gate drivers and small servo motor control due to its features
 of high saturation current capability, voltage controlled small signal switch, and
high density cell design
• BD679 – a monolithic NPN Silicon epibase power Darlington transistor with
resistors and diode in a TO 126 plastic package and is typically used for AF
applications due to its high current gain

Circuit Explanation
The construction of the circuit is relatively simple since it utilizes a very few
components. One important thing to be considered in doing this circuit is the time it will
take, after the push button switches are pressed, for the code to reach the main IC. There
will be a delay unless all the keys were entered. When the right sequence of code was
entered correctly, the output of Q7 will be activated for approximately 4 seconds. This
will drive the transistor Q2 which in turn would drive one relay that will open the door or
any other circuit attached.

The use of red LED D3 provides a visual indication of the activation of Q2. The code that
has been set for the circuit is 1704570, as seen in the diagram. This was made possible by
the arrangement of the resistors with their corresponding connections to the switches. The
resistors are arranged from points A to G order while the switches are connected to the
corresponding resistors in random order. The security code can be changed by altering
the connections between the switches and the outputs of the IC1.

Part List
R1-7=4.7Kohm R12=220Kohm D3=RED LED 3mm
R8=15Kohm R14=1.2Kohm IC1=4022
R9=1Mohm C1-3=100nF 100V Q1=BS170
R10-13=10Kohm C2=4.7uF 25V Q2=BD679
R11=100ohm D1-2=1N4148 S1-10=Push button or keyboard

Application
In most secured places with the capability of the company to purchase high end
equipments, an electronic key operated door is usually installed. This will prohibit the
entry of unauthorized persons or verify the entrance of a person by supplying the correct
key code. This electronic security door key may also be found on vehicle doors for
locking and unlocking purposes. Other establishments that utilize this are jewelry shops,
banks, apartments, factories, hotels, prisons, apartments, and homes. They are very
reliable since they are convenient to use and can be integrated easily with other
circuitries.
Overview
The circuit was designed to provide a prototype of a metronome circuit utilizing the
functions of CA741 operational amplifiers.

Terminology
• Metronome – a device or apparatus used to indicate or establish the exact speed
or tempo of music; physically, it resembles the function of a clock but using an
inverted pendulum that regularly ticks or beats at an adjustable rate or intervals
due to the position of the sliding weight on the pendulum
• Op-Amp – a differential amplifier having a large voltage gain, very high input
impedance and low output impedance
• CA741 – a high gain operational amplifier, functioning as single or dual at 0.9
MHz frequency, used for commercial, industrial, and military applications

Circuit Explanation
The operation is of circuit can be considered as astable where it continuously oscillates to
different states. To produce better sound effect, two op-amps were used wherein the left
side op-amp will function as a standard astable while the right side op-amp as an
integrator. Other components can also be modified like the C3, C4, R7, R8, and R9 to
achieve the same effect on the sound.

The astable mode is being managed by the VR1, R2 and C1 in which timing pulses are
produced. The output from the first op-amp is supplied through the capacitor C2 which
has direct coupling with the zener diode ZD1 going to Q1. The conduction of ZD1 and
Q1 occurs for every positive change on the output pulses.

Since the second op-amp functions as integrator, the output from the left side op-amp is
distorted. It functions as low pass filter where it amplifies low frequency signals passing
through it. Because of this, the circuit yields to a ticking reverberation state or sound
where the output pulses are represented in ringing manner. To provide a low impedance
input to the integrator, resistor R8 is used which produces a tock reverberation state or
sound.

Application
Since CA741 op-amps have input bias current of 500 nA and input offset current of 200
nA, they are mainly used for applications such as narrow band or band pass filter,
integrator or differentiator, summing amplifier, DC amplifier, multivibrator, and
comparator.

Metronomes were mainly utilized by musicians for the purpose of sustaining a steady
rhythm by improving the timing, by synchronizing with the beat, and by tracing the
progress of learning using any musical equipment. They can be of different types such as
software metronomes used as stand alone for multitracking of audio and sequencing of
music, as electronic metronomes as compared to wristwatches having a constant
accuracy, and as mechanical metronomes which controls the music tempo by means of an
inverted pendulum rod.
Overview
The circuit was designed sensitive enough to trigger and activate the alarm upon sensing
wetness, moisture or dampness on its probes.

Terminology
• 555 Timer – an 8-pin electronic device used in several mixtures of applications
involving multivibration and timingOperating Modes:
• BC109C – an epitaxial NPN silicon planar transistor having the collector
electrically connected to the TO 18 metal case

Circuit Explanation
The operation of the circuit depends on the astable mode of the 555 timer, which is
driven by the emitter current coming from BC109C transistor, since this transistor has
high gain. Being in astable mode, the IC functions as an oscillator or as a free running
mode. To have the 555 oscillator in full operation of sounding, it needs to be triggered or
enabled by a larger current that flows in the collector circuit. This is made possible when
the transistor is switched on by the small current that flows between the base and emitter
because of the moisture or wetness sensed by the probes. On the other hand, the transistor
will remain OFF and without any bias during dry conditions.

To control the conduction of the circuit, a switch for ON/OFF state is supplied. The probe
contacts should be made of non-reactive metal so that there will be no capacitance or
impedance present. It can be achieved by salvaging silver or gold plated contacts from
old relays. A cheaper alternative is wiring alternate copper wires. Since the transistor is in
emitter follower mode, the impedance at the emitter or the oscillator circuit acts as the
current limit so placing a base resistor is no longer required.

When choosing the resistance rating of the loudspeaker, it is important to consider that an
8 ohm speaker can damage the 555 IC if directly driven by the IC with a 9 V supply
because the maximum allowed output current is 200 mA. To avoid this, a 10 ohm resistor
can be connected in series with the 8 ohm speaker or might as well use an 18 ohm
loudspeaker.

Application
In the market, one of the most effective electronic devices is the 555 timer. When it
operates at monostable mode, it may be utilized in pulse width modulation (PWM),
capacitance measurement, frequency divider, touch switches, bounce free switches,
missing pulse detection, and timers. When operating in astable mode, it may be utilized
in pulse position modulation, security alarms, tone generation, logic clocks, pulse
generation, lamp flashers, and light emitting diode. When operating in bistable mode, it
may be utilized in bounce free latched switches, pulse-type waveform processing, and
railroad track designing.
Led Flasher Circuit Using 555 IC
The flashing frequency is determined by C1, R1, and R2. You can try values around 100k
for R1 and R2 to give around 1.4 s flashing period. Variable flashing rate can be
implemented by replacing the R1 with 1Mega ohm potentiometer in series with 22k
resistor. Lower power consumption can be achieved if we remove LED 2 and R4 and
use only LED 1. When the R2 value is much lower than R1, then the LED 1 wil flash
only for fast period, gives a strobe efffect. I recommend 9V for this flasher circuit since
higher voltage will cause exessive heat on 555 IC.

• car, batteries, etc. It...

Description.

A lot of electronic circuits using NE555 timer IC are already published here and this is
just another one.Here is the circuit diagram of a police siren based on NE55 timer IC. The
circuit uses two NE555 timers ICs and each of them are wired as astable
multivibrators.The circuit can be powered from anything between 6 to 15V DC and is
fairly loud.By connecting an additional power amplifier at the output you can further
increase the loudness.

IC1 is wired as a slow astable multivibrator operating at around 20Hz @ 50% duty cycle
and IC2 is wired as fast astable multivibrator operating at around 600Hz.The output of
first astable mutivibrator is connected to the control voltage input (pin5) of IC2. This
makes the output of IC2 modulated by the output frequency of IC1, giving a siren effect.
In simple words, the output frequency of IC2 is controlled by the output of IC1.