TABLE OF CONTENTS

I SOMETHING VERY BERRY GOOD FOR YOU 3

The Sandthorn Fruit Introduced

II SKIN DEEP BEAUTY AND HOW TO KEEP IT 9

The Cosmetic Benefits of Sandthorn’s Fatty Acids

III MATTER OVER MIND 15

Sandthorn Therapy in the Management of Mental
and Nervous Disorders

IV BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE BODY 23

Forming Muscle Strength with the Amino Acids in
Sandthorn

V THE VITALITY OF TRACE ELEMENTS 29

Some of the Many Micronutrients in Sandthorn Berry

VI NUTRITIONAL NETWORKING 41
Vitamin-Mineral Interactions in the Wonder Fruit

** APPENDIX - REFERENCES 49
By Chapter

© Copyright 2007 Medical Research Center. All rights reserved.

PO Box 11471, SLC, UT 84147

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Chapter I
SOMETHING VERY BERRY GOOD FOR YOUT
The Sandthorn Fruit Introduced

A
mong the leading food stories topping the list of the last decade spanning
the close of the 20th century and the opening of the present one, is that of
a golden-orange fruit with a husky apricot flavor. Its Latin binomial the
world over is Hippophae rhamnoides (sandthorn).

But it goes by a wide variety of names depending, of course, on where it is grown

and used geographically as the short list below indicates.

GERMAN Sanddorn (Sandthorn)

FRENCH. Argousier
SWEDISH Finbar
HUNGARIAN Homokt vis
DANISH Tindved
POLISH Rokitnik
RUSSIAN Oblepiha
SPAIN Espino falso / Olivella spinosa
INDIA Jadu-paudha (Magic plant)
TIBET Dhar-bu

As can be seen, it has extensive use throughout much Europe and Asia. Its history
is somewhat ancient going back a number of centuries. For our purposes here we
will use the name of sandthorn by which the fruit is commonly known throughout
much of Europe.

A Thousand-Year-Old Remedy
According to Oriental history, the Chinese were the first culture to utilize this
berry as a remedy. Over a thousand years ago, it was recorded in Yue Wang Yao
then from the Tang Dynasty and in Sibu Yidian, which writing was completed in
the 8th century.

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 For those uninitiated in Oriental medicine, Sibu Yidian is the classical Tibetan
medical book comprising four bulky volumes and consisting of a total of 158
chapters.

Thirty chapters deal with sandthorn medicinal products. They mention the phar-
macological effects on inducing the expectoration of phlegm (a yucky subject of
itself) by opening the inhibited lung energy, dispersing dampness, tonifying the
YIN and strengthening the YANG. In doing so the whole respiratory system is
benefited and revitalized.

More than sixty entries refer to its capacity to

strengthen the spleen and the stomach, to promote
“There are some blood circulation, and to remove old, stagnant blood.
84 prescriptions There are some 84 prescriptions with sandthorn, which
with sandthorn” come in the form of seven different preparations: de-
coction, powder, pill, medicinal extract, tincture, ash
and, believe it or not, shortbread!

In the 18th century, Sibu Yidian was translated into Mongolian, and from there
into various European languages for evaluation and commentary. In 1903, Sibu
Yidian was published in the Cyrillic alphabet in St. Petersburg, where it became
a favorite topic of study by many Russian scientists.

In 1952, Xu Zhonghu, an associate professor of Sichuan Medical College in main-

land China, rediscovered sandthorn in Tibet. Following this, his school took the
lead in the medicinal preparation on the berry, with an academic thesis being
written on it by Mr. Xu. It was entitled The Preliminary Research on the Fruit
Juice of Seabuckthorn (yet another name by which it goes) and published in 1956.
In 1977, the berry was listed in the official Chinese Pharmacopoeia or the first
time.1-4

A Cocktail of Components
Plant taxonomists are still uncertain whether to call sandthorn a bush or tree,
because “the distinction between the two forms… in many cases is not clear.”

4~
The dark color ranges from white to black or brown to gray. One distinct charac-
teristic for which H. rhamnoides is known is its “abundance of thorns”5, or in
more familiar parlance of berry-pickers as the “ouch factor!”

What makes this the world’s most popular berry right now is its “unique compo-
sition” of numerous nutrients which one scientific source has correctly described
as being a combined “cocktail of components usually only found separately” in
many other food sources.6 Several sources have placed its combined bioactive
substances at 190 for the berries, of which 106 of these are found in the oil
alone.7-9

Just based on these facts, sandthorn berry leaves other exotic fruits such as man-
gosteen (Garcinia mangostana), açai (Euterpe oleraceae), goji (lycium babarum)
and noni (Morinda citrifolia) eating dust as it blazes its own trail of superior
nutrition across the globe. When compared to them, sandthorn berry is the Golden
Gloves heavy-weight champion in terms of its exceedingly high-nutritive values,
knocking the others out ‘cold as a mackerel’ in the marketing ring of competition.

Show Me Yours and I’ll Show You Mine

The many manufacturers of these other exotic fruit juices have a self-serving
mentality when it comes to boasting of what their particular flagship ingredients
contain. The big slug-out between them all is usually over antioxidants, as in
“mine is bigger than yours” regarding the quantities each is purported to contain.

Antioxidants are the latest buzzword in nutritional science these days, because
they help maintain a balance in the formation of free radicals within the body.
Free radicals are necessary for sustaining life, as strange as that may seem to
some, but can also end up destroying the very same life if they get out of hand. In
fact, we couldn’t exist without these scavenger molecules lacking electrons, which
are the byproducts of burning oxygen in our cells. But at the same time, as a
growing body of scientific research has found, they can also make us age faster,
hurt in many places, and even die, beginning gradually at a cellular level and
eventually proceeding from there to vital organs and master glands.

Think of them like sharks zipping madly through the cellular seas in each one of

~5
 us, ripping and tearing at our molecules like sharks in a feeding-frenzy when they
get out of hand. They’ve been implicated in everything from Alzheimer’s, arthri-
tis, cancer and cataracts to dandruff, Down’s syndrome, emphysema and hang-
overs, not to mention heart disease, paralysis, Parkinson’s, schizophrenia and
stroke. 10

But the cavalry that comes to the rescue are antioxidants, “one of nature’s most
ferocious protective systems” (as two Chicago Tribune Science writers so aptly
put it years ago). This army of helpful chemicals found in nature degrades, neu-
tralizes and detoxifies free radicals. It is because of these many forms of antioxi-
dants that our cells get repaired often.

Free radicals result when molecules are ripped apart and thrown out of electrical
balance. In chemical terms, they are molecules with unpaired electrons; simply
put, they are confused particles which have lost their soul mates.

Electrons - electrically charged particles that whirl about all atoms and molecules,
ordinarily orbit in pairs. But when an oxygen atom is being broken down by the
body as it produces energy, the reaction strips an electron away. That leaves an
unpaired electron, in other words, a free radical. The impaired molecule desper-
ately looks for another electron to cohabitate with and make itself whole again.
The only way it can is by stealing an electron from somewhere else, thereby
throwing another molecule out of whack.

This nasty process continues down the line causing a chain reaction. Eventually
two free radicals merge and form a stable molecule. But before that happens,
countless erratic electrons crash about in search of mates, wrecking unbelievable
molecular havoc. In their ‘feeding frenzies”, these molecular sharks explode the
fragile equilibrium of cells. They shatter the intricate process in which the mes-
sages of genes are transcribed into proteins. They demolish enzymes and other
molecules.

Food sources for additional free radicals include refrigerated leftovers contain-
ing fats and oils and cheeseburgers and fries.

6~
The obvious solution is to incorporate things into the diet on a daily basis which
are rich in antioxidants. This is where sandthorn berry comes into play. It is in-
tensely rich in antioxidants, particularly carotenoids, fat-soluble pigments found
in such deep green, yellow, orange fruits and vegetables as avocados, carrots,
grapefruits, lemons, oranges, paprika, pineapples, pumpkins, rose hips, sweet
potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes, and watermelon, among others.

Some 600 carotenoids have been identified thus

far from natural sources, of which 39 have been
isolated from sandthorn fruits. The average caro- “It is intensely rich in
tenoid content for 100 grams of sandthorn berry is antioxidants,
950 milligrams, most of which is located in the particularly
fruit’s membranes and its fleshy mesocarp. This carotenoids”
is, by far, more than what is found in some of the
previously mentioned exotic fruits.

Carotenoids protect cells and tissues from the damaging effects induced by free
radicals and singlet oxygen. They provide enhancement of immune system func-
tions, protect from sunburn, inhibit the development of certain types of tumors,
and prevent oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) “bad” cholesterol and
coronary heart disease.

In terms of everything else they do for the human body, antioxidants bring a
‘mental health’ kind of stability to schizophrenic tree radicals. And they are most
abundant in sandthorn berries.12-13 Show me your exotic fruit antioxidants and I’ll
gladly show you mine from sandthorn they’re bigger, better and more beautiful
by far! Which makes this ‘something very berry good for you’!

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8~
Chapter II
SKIN DEEP BEAUTY AND HOW TO KEEP IT
The Cosmetic Benefits of Sandthorn’s Fatty Acids

S
oil has been likened to the skin covering our bodies. Both suffer serious
erosion from wind, water and sun damage if left unchecked. Sandthorn is
one of those rare plants which have proven to be very useful in landscape
restoration and cosmetic care of the skin.

Erosion Control
The Dust Bowl of the l930’s was the most tragic land calamity ever to strike the
North American continent. Cattle overgrazing by ranchers and over farming by
sodbusters removed virtually all of the grasslands from America’s prairies, leav-
ing the unprotected soil to periodic rain washouts and frequent driving winds.

A story circulating in those days told of an old Nebraska farmer sitting on his
front porch during a horrendous dust storm. When asked what he was watching
so intently, he drolly replied, “Oh, I’m just counting them Kansas farms as they
go flying by.”1-2

Such are the ways of erosion when the land isn’t properly cared for as it should
be. Similar examples have been found in northern China, Pakistan and portions
of the Indian subcontinent, where the systematic removal of old growth forests
and the continuous under plowing of surface ground have caused serious soil
erosions and landslides.

But agronomists soon discovered that the sandthorn shrub was extremely useful
in helping bind earth and for good soil conservation measures; hence, millions of
acres were eventually replanted with it.3-4

The Living Barrier

Just as soil covers much of the ground we walk in, so does another type of mate-

~9
 rial protect the delicate inner parts of our bodies against wear and tear, knocks
and physical damage, and extremes of temperature. Skin is the body’s largest and
heaviest organ. It covers almost 21½-square feet (2 square meters) on an adult
around 9 to 15 pounds (4 to 7 kilograms), representing about one-twelfth of the
body’s total weight. If you’ve ever worn an overcoat that heavy, then you would
begin to appreciate how heavy your skin is.

Like a shower proof raincoat skin keeps out most of the water and other fluids to
which it is exposed, although it is not fully waterproof. Water is repelled by the
natural oils and waxes made in the tiny sebaceous glands just under the surface of
the skin. These sebaceous products also keep the skin flexible arid supple.

Skin insulates the body too. Underneath is a soft, yellowish layer called subcuta-
neous fat. It works like the padding in a quilted coat to keep the body warm and
also absorbs knocks and bumps.

The world is full of microscopic germs. They float in the air and lie on the things
we touch. Even objects that are apparently clean have germs on or in them.

Skin prevents germs from entering the body. Under a microscope, the skin’s sur-
face shows many dead, flattened cells that interlock and overlap tightly, like tiles
on a roof. Few germs can penetrate this barrier, which completely covers healthy
skin. But they can enter the body through cuts or breaks in the skin.

The natural waxes and oils on the skin’s surface contain germ-killing chemicals.
These are the body’s own disinfectants, giving added protection against bacteria,
yeasts, and other potentially harmful microscopic organisms.

Dermatological Miracle
The landscape of the skin, much like that of the earth1 undergoes numerous trans-
formations over a lifetime. It experiences different types of erosions brought on
by the elements of weather, poor diet, emotional upset, overuse of chemical cos-
metics, and gradual aging.

Two types common to many older people are rosacea and eczema. The first con-

10 ~
dition is characterized by dilation of the facial capillaries, acne like pimples, and
sometimes thickened skin on the nose. Certain foods - such as tea, coffee, alco-
hol, and those that are spicy - are associated with worsening of rosacea. A recent
study indicates that the heat in coffee or tea may be responsible.

Eczema is an all-encompassing term, sometimes

used synonymously with dermatitis, to describe
inflamed, scaly, itching skin that may be due to “In just two weeks
any number of causes. Recent reports suggest a most of the dry, rosy
possible connection between this problem and red patches on her
impairment in the skin’s metabolism of the essen- nose and face had
tial fatty acid linolenic acid. Patients with this con- disappeared”
dition improved when given supplements contain-
ing a natural source of gamma-linolenic acid.5

A woman somewhere in her sixties, Lisa J. of Taylorsville, Utah suffered with

rosacea of the face and eczema of the scalp for many years. But when she started
drinking an exotic fruit blend containing 42 percent sandthorn berry extract, she
began noticing improvements in her appearance. In just two weeks most of the
dry, rosy red patches on her nose and face had disappeared. And within a month
her scalp had healed as well. The dermatologist she had been seeing for some
twenty years was surprised by the outcome of things on her next visit to him. She
attributed this to her daily two-ounce intake of sandthorn drink. He told her to
stay with whatever she was doing.6

The Beauty in Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are common denominators for all life forms. Not only the amount but
also the type of dietary fat plays major roles in maintaining health. The human
body absolutely requires certain essential fatty acids in the forms of alpha-lino-
lenic acid (an omega-3) and linoleic acid (an omega-6). That is why they are
termed “essential” fatty acids (EFP’s).

But most people are deficient in them and don’t even know it. Data from the 2006
Health & Wellness Trends Database, created by the Natural Marketing Institute
of Harleysville, PA, show that almost one-third of the general population were

~ 11
 deficient in omega-3’s. An even higher percent-
“sandthorn berries are age were considered deficient in gamma-linolenic
acid (GLA) (another omega-6 EFA).6
high in all three
of these essential Yet all three of these EFA’s are vital to the health
fatty acids” of the skin. A few placebo-controlled studies over
the past 15 years have demonstrated that they
improve the symptoms of rosacea, eczema (some-
times called atopic dermatitis) and similar inflammatory skin problems.7

It so happens that sandthorn berries are high in all three of these essential fatty
acids,8 including others to be mentioned in the next chapter. Sandthorn yields 20-
36 percent alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3) and 35-43 per cent linoleic acid (an
omega-6).9 Patients with eczema were given sandthorn berry extracts for four
months; during follow up they showed substantial improvement in their condi-
tion. The results were attributed to the high content of EFAs.10

Nature’s Own Cosmetic

“A man of forty-five looks distinguished, but a woman of the same age is over the
hill.” So wrote feminist author Nancy Friday in her mind-jarring book, The Power
of Beauty. “We live in a culture, she continues, “that trades in the currency of
seeing and being seen. We want beauty not just for others; we want to look the
way we feel, which is quite young, quite strong, and quite beautiful, although we
are maturing.”11

Nature has provided the “natural cosmetic” for women to achieve this. It lies
within the beautifying elements of the sandthorn berry. Palmitoleic acid is a prin-
cipal constituent of skin fat and helps to maintain skin softness while minimizing
wrinkles. Sandthorn has a very “high content” of this important omega-7 fatty
acid, “which is uncommon in the plant kingdom,” says one noted authority.12

Conditions of skin inflammation also fare well with this particular berry. Japa-
nese and Russian studies have shown extracts of sandthorn will reduce inflam-
mation and promote the regeneration of new skin in many instances.13-14
My own father Jacob Heinerman took daily intakes of a certain beverage contain-

12 ~
ing 42 percent sandthorn berry for the last six
months of his life (he passed away in his sleep at “nature’s own
age 93 in early Feb. 2007). His skin before this cosmetic miracle
was as thin and delicate as parchment paper. But
for recreating skin
when he went on the berry juice the skin on his
hands and forearms began getting back some of deep beauty”
their natural tone and elasticity. To me, this was
the greatest testament of all to sandthorn berry
being nature’s own cosmetic miracle for recreating skin deep beauty lost years
before.

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14 ~
Chapter III
MATTER OVER MIND
Sandthorn Therapy In the Management of Mental and Nervous Disorders

S
ize isn’t everything when it comes to the brain’s capacity for smartness:
The largest human brains are often owned by idiots, whereas those of
geniuses such as Albert Einstein or Thomas Edison tend to be somewhat
smaller and more compact.

It was never the most exciting thing for our forefathers to contemplate. They
were more intrigued by the pulsing heart, the moody spleen, the color changing
liver, and the wandering and peristaltic gut. Even urine, in their opinion, held
more excitement than the brain. They might have been echoing a thought of
Aristotle’s who conceived it to be a cooling system, with the mucus of a runny
nose proving the legitimacy of this presumed activity.

Indeed, some modern medical texts almost seem determined to banish all pos-
sible interest in this greatest of internal organs with a rather low-keyed definition
of what it really is: “the brain is that part of the nervous system enclosed by the
skull!’ Yet the brain has made us what we are. It isn’t our guts or liver that has
created homo sapiens. And it’s not our ordinary heart or our standard lungs that
have given us the power to print books, write sheet music, or destroy all life on
planet Earth. It is the human brain and nothing else!1

The late-l8th-century neuroscientist Franz Josef Gall believed that the brain was
the instrument of the mind and therefore, possessed a number of centers con-
cerned with innate “faculties.”2

The late George Hartmann wrote that “the body breathes, runs, and digests; but it
also loves, dreams and writes history.” He was unmistakably clear about the uni-
tary character of body and mind.3

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 The Matter That Counts
Sandthorn berry is the one plant in the entire fruit and vegetable kingdom which
matters the most when it comes to improving the body as a whole - for it is the
matter upon which the mind depends for those particular nutrients to keep all
brain links func-tioning smoothly. The question then arises, “Just what does
sandthorn contain which would be good for this?” The answer quite simply is
lipids, more particularly a number of different fatty acids. It is these components
which revive the brain and provide the cellular stamina and energy upon which
all other body systems depend.

The brain and nervous system love fats, especially the healthy ones. This is be-
cause both are largely composed of a great deal of fat! The brain/mind has about
60 per cent with nervous tissue following a close second in lipid concentration.
In both places leaner doesn’t mean fitter. Specific lipid molecules are needed to
produce the cell membranes that cover the millions of axons and dendrites in the
brain.

In addition, fats are essential to the process of myelination. Myelin is a dense

material, composed of 30 per cent protein and 70 per cent lipid. Together these
form a thick, greasy coating that prevents water-soluble ions from leaking through
the membranes of nerve cell axons. All of this massive myelination in each of us
requires several specific types of lipids.4

Although the body can produce many of the dif-

“the one plant...which ferent lipids it needs for membrane and myelin
matters the most synthesis, a few types are essential - a term mean-
when it comes to ing they can be obtained only through the diet.
Still other types of lipids can be synthesized by
improving the body the body. Given how important lipids are for
as a whole” brain/mind functioning and nerve tissue trans-
missions, it isn’t surprising that something so rich
in the omega-3-6-7-9 essential fatty acids (EFAs)
as well as the non essential fatty acids, as the sandthorn berry is known to be,
shouldn’t warrant further scrutiny.5

16 ~
Brain Nutrients
In his informative internet article, ‘What is – Sea Buckthorn. . .Sanddorn...and its
History?” researcher Michael Derrida had this to say on page 12 of the printout:
“Biological studies suggest that the restorative action of the Sea Buckthorn may
be in part due to its high content of essential fatty acids [and] tocopherols...the
EFA content in the Sea Buckthorn extract is 80-95 per cent. Major EFAs are oleic
and linoleic. Others are pentadecenoic, palmitoleic, heptadecenoic, linolenic,
eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, erucic and nervonic...Tocopherols are represented vi-
tamin E [and its 8 different components].”

Now all of these in various amounts are found throughout the brain and nervous
tissues, including other vital organs such as eyes, heart, and liver. Remembering
our earlier connections between brain and all, other body systems, it isn’t enough
to say that Sandthorn’s many fatty acids and vitamin E factors (4 tocopherols and
4 tocotrienols) will help improve vision or heart or liver functions. But rather it
needs to be stressed that these particular berry nutrients nourish the brain/mind
FIRST which, in turn, resuscitates other biologically-linked sites.

Put another way, if the mind is feeling depressed for very long, then it probably
indicates a shortage of fatty acids and vitamin E components. And while the brain
is in this ‘basement mood’, the other body systems feel funky, too. Everything
suffers to some extent because the brains electrical output is at a low ebb at the
moment.

But when lipids and vitamin E constituents are regularly supplied through con-
sistent use of something such as sandthorn juice, then brain energy increases and
all other systems and their respective organs and glands are similarly revived.
The negative barriers of depression, anger, envy, disappointment or any other
wearying emotions will have been adequately removed so that the mind can get
the body working again as should.

We are used to focusing on the organic aspects of diseases because the doctors
treating us do so. Therapies are focused on the management of symptoms when
they should be geared towards the underlying causes. Nutrition is the one thing

~ 17
 lacking in the arsenal of the medical profession.
“Nutrition You need look no further than the healthcare pro-
vider treating you. Is he or she the best representa-
is the one thing
tive of good health?
lacking in the arsenal
of the medical Sandthorn berry is the liquid supplement to turn to
profession” when the rest of your body seems like it is being
handcuffed by the negative emotions of an agitated
mind.

Sandthorn Serotonin
Pharmacologists know it as 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), while doctors and the
general public recognize this important neurotransmitter by the more familiar
name of serotonin. It is syn-thesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan
with the help of vitamin B-6.

Serotonin is frequently used in the treatment of central nervous system disorders,

such as anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and schizophrenia,
as well as stroke, obesity, pain, hyper-tension, vascular problems, migraine head-
aches nausea. It is found in three main areas of the body: the intestinal wall, the
blood vessels, and the central nervous system.6-7

The most widely studied effects have been those on the central nervous system
(CNS). The functions of serotonin are numerous and appear to involve control of
appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood behavior,
cardiovascular function, muscle contraction, endocrine glands regulation and de-
pression. Peripherally, serotonin appears to play a major role in blood platelet
equilibrium and G.I. tract movements. This represents quite a broad spectrum of
pharmacological and psychological effects, considering the fact that the average
human adult possesses only about 10 milligrams of serotonin at best.8

It is with emotional disorders that serotonin has proved most useful. Studies in
both animal and human models suggest that 5-HT serves a role in quelling ag-
gression. Several human studies report a correlation between low levels of sero-
tonin and violent suicides. It has been used clinically throughout Europe and

18 ~
elsewhere to success-fully treat anxiety, depression, compulsivity and other be-
havioral dysfunctions involving the brain and nerves.

Sandthorn berry fruit contains respectable amounts of serotonin. Russian esti-

mates have placed them between 1.1-2.6 milligrams 5-HT per 100 grams of juice.9
It has proven helpful for those with mind and nerve disorders, not only in restor-
ing mental balance but also by re-aligning other organ systems which have been
thrown out of kilter in the process.

George’s Story
Over the years I’ve given many nutritional consultations to numerous individu-
als. A small number have taken the time to report back how they felt after follow-
ing my counsel, but the vast majority weren’t as considerate and went on with
their busy lives once their conditions had improved.

I went to a music recital eight months ago with a friend and there was introduced
to George L. and his mom. The very talented sixteen-year-old was tall, lean, and
good-looking, with large brown eyes and stylish, wire-rim glasses. This accom-
plished pianist wouldn’t have fit anyone’s stereotype of a depressed person.

But his mother took me aside at the encouragement of my friend (who knew both
of us) and told me her son had been cutting classes at school, hanging out in his
room a lot and playing computer games, kept irregular sleep habits, skipped meals,
and suffered from migraines. His energy level had dropped enormously and teach-
ers reported that he often seemed irritable. She had taken her son to see a psychia-
trist and child psychologist, both of whom diagnosed him as fitting many of the
patterns seen in juvenile suicide cases. They recommended strong drugs but she
declined, wanting instead to try natural alternatives first.

I told her about a particular exotic fruit juice beverage which had just come out
that contains 42 percent alpine sandthorn berry. I mentioned its serotonin con-
tent, as well as the many fatty acids and Vitamin E components that it contained.
I recommended 2 ounces three times daily. The next day she came by my Medical
Research Center and I gave her several bottles gratis. George began this regimen
and within just a few weeks was pretty well back to normal. Along with some

~ 19
 other dietary changes, he no longer suffers from bouts of depression.

Juice Therapy vs. Couch Therapy

An emerging body of clinical research has determined that the omega fatty acids
are legitimate therapy in the prevention and/or treatment of psychiatric disorders.
The following are a small synopses of the growing number of scientific reports to
support this.

Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 85(2):474-9 (October 2006)

Depression was assessed in 90 healthy adolescent volunteers from the isle of
Crete. There were 54 girls and 36 boys, aged 13 to 18 (the average age was 15.2
years). Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography in adipose tissue. A
relationship was found between low omega-3 fatty acid intake and adolescent
depression.

Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84(6):1308-l6 (December 2006)

A study was initiated by the Department of Experimental Psychology, University
of Bristol in England to investigate the effects of omega fatty acids on depressed
mood. It was determined that such essential fatty acids may be beneficial for
depressed mood, but that larger trials are needed to verify this with certainty.

J. Clin. Psychopharm. 26(6):661-5 (December 2006)

A group of recovering substance abusers with deep anxieties received either omega
fatty acids (13 patients) or look-alike placebo capsules containing vegetable oil
(11 patients). The trial was double-blind, randomized, and lasted 3 months. A
comparison of the 2 groups followed for the next 6 months. Those receiving
omega-3 supplementations experienced significance decreases in their anxieties.
The conclusion reached by researchers in Brooklyn, NY where this study was
conducted was that essential fatty acid supplementation could be beneficial in
the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders.

J. Clin. Psychiatry 67(l2):l954.-67 (December 2006) and 68(2):338 (Feb. 2007)

Researchers with the Department of Psychiatry at the Univer-sity of Arizona
College of Medicine in Tucson presented a paper at the Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Subcommittee meeting, which was part of the Committee of Research on Psychi-

20 ~
atric Treat-ments of the American Psychiatric Association. They showed with
their available data that EPA and DRA (both omega-3s) are of potential benefit in
treating major depressive dis-order, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, dementia,
border-line personality disorder and impulsivity, and attention- deficit/hyperac-
tivity disorder (ADHD).

Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84(6):lSl3-7 (December 2006)

At the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands, clinicians investi-
gated a role for fatty acids that resolves both a mental health problem and heart
disease. A definite link has been found between depression and cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Elderly subjects (332 men) aged 70 to 90 years of age and tree
from CVD and diabetes were measured for depressive symptoms in 1990 and
again in 2000. Those averaging a daily intake of 400 milligrams of omega-3 fatty
acid had reduced risk of depression as well as heart disease.

Br. J. Psychiatry 190:118-22 (February 2007)

Patients experiencing recurrent acts of self-harm from the Psychiatric Ward of
Beaumont hospital and The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, were enrolled
in a randomized, blinded study to receive 1.2 grams of EPA plus 0.9 grams of
DHA (both omega-3s) or equivalent placebos for 12 weeks in addition to stan-
dard psychiatric care. At the end of 12 weeks, the essential fatty acids group had
significantly greater improvements in scores for depression, suicide and daily
stresses. Scores for impulsivity, aggression and hostility remained unchanged.

Sandthorn berry is exceptionally high in essential fatty acids (omega-3-6-7-9).

Numerous studies support this tact!10-12 Based on the foregoing evidence that these
essential fatty acids greatly benefit troubled minds and upset nervous systems,
doesn’t it seem logical that sandthorn juice with its rich array of the omega EFA’s
would be beneficial therapy for a number of psychiatric disorders, along with
regular couch sessions of counseling but without the anti-psychotic drugs that
usually accompany them? I certainly think so and believe it offers a way out of
troubled thinking that is safe, natural and effective.

~ 21
22 ~
Chapter IV
BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE BODY
Forming Muscle Strength with the Amino Acids in Sandthorn

A
mino acids are components of protein that are recognized as building
blocks of the human and animal bodies. They function in cell construc-
tion and tissue repair. They also assist in combating bacteria and viruses.
They are part of our enzyme and hormonal sy-stems. And they contribute build-
ing nucleoproteins and play an integral role in respiration and muscle activity,
which is why many athletes prefer using them in supplemental forms for energy
and stamina. When proteins are digested they break down into 22 known amino
acids. Many other amino acids exist independently.

The Three Groups

Amino acids are usually categorized into three distinct groups: essential, condi-
tionally essential and nonessential. The amino acids that adults are unable to
synthesize are regarded as essential amino acids and must be provided through
dietary sources. They include leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine,
phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, and histidine. Cysteine and tyrosine are con-
sidered essential amino acids for the preterm and young term infants because of
the immaturity of the enzyme activities involved in their synthesis.

Conditionally essential amino acids and other nutrients ate those that ordinarily
can be synthesized, but an outside source is required under particular circum-
stances. Taurine, carnitine and glycine are in that category.

To sustain normal growth after the requirements for essential amino acids have
been met, the additional dietary nitrogen needed must be provided as nonessen-
tial amino acids. The body can make nine non-essential amino acids: alanine,
arginine, glycine, serine, glutamine, spartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagines and
proline. The synthesis of nonessential amino acids requires energy.

~ 23
 Functions and Deficiencies
Methionine, lysine, tryptophan and threonine all share the common function of
being necessary for the production of protein and specific enzymes. Besides this,
certain metabolic pathways are dependent on these amino acids. For instance,
tryptophan is needed for serotonin and niacin synthesis, while methionine is re-
quired for lipid metabolism. Lysine is a component of essential cross-linkages in
elastin and collagen.

In a deficiency of any of the essential amino acids, impaired growth results and
protein synthesis becomes abnormal. Balanced amino acids intake is better
achieved from food sources rich in the majority of these nutrients than to depend
on individualized or formulated amino acids that can lead to antagonistic excess.

Marketplace Awareness
Historically, amino acids were studied at great length in Japan. In fact, it is Japa-
nese companies that hold the lion’s share of amino acids market. But mainland
China is fast gaining momentum in this lucrative area. It was a latecomer to this
category, only becoming involved a decade ago. But China provides competitive
ingredients that are high quality and low cost.

Research on amino acids is quite extensive be-

“Sandthorn berry
juice contains six
of the nine
amino acids
considered essential”
cause they’ve been around for a long time. But
they just haven’t made it into the supple-ment
arena as deeply as vitamins, minerals and herbs
yet. According to the Freedonia Group of Cleve-
land, Ohio, the proliferation of amino acids into
multiple product areas will continue. By 2009 the
posted sales in the amino acids market is projected
to be around $331 million.

Free-Forms Are The Best

Free-form means that an amino acid is in its purest form. Free-form amino acids
require no digestion and are directly absorbed into the circulatory system.
Sandthorn berry juice contains six of the nine amino acids considered essential:
leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine and lysine. This represents

24 ~
66 percent of the total essential amino acids needed on a daily basis.

The table below gives the content of each of these essential amino acids in free-
form in sandthorn berry juice.

Content of Free Essential Amino Acids in Sandthorn Juice1

(mg. per 100 ml. juice)

Leucine 2.19
Isoleucine 3.07
Valine 6.40
Methionine 0.95
prienylalanine 25.49
Lysine 1.46

It is well established that free amino acids contribute largely to the nutritive value
of plants, since they are so well absorbed in the intestines.2 Compared with other
juicy fruits such as apple, pear and grapes, sandthorn berry is much richer in
nitrogen free amino acids and, therefore, easily digestible.3

The ABC’s of Amino Acids

Sandthorn berry has six of the nine amino acids considered to be essential. Here
is a closer look at what they do within the body.

LEUCINE: One of a trio of branched-chain amino acids (the other two being
isoleucine and valine). These three are useful in providing energy directly to
muscle tissue. High doses of these three have been used in hospitals to treat those
suffering from trauma and infection. They work together to pro-tect bones, skin
and muscle tissue, and are usually recommended for those recovering from sur-
gery. Injured athletes who suffer from broken or fractured bones, badly scraped
skin or pulled mus-cle tendons are given these three branched-chain amino acids
by sports medicine doctors to expedite their recuperation.

Leucine also lowers elevated blood sugar levels, and aids in increasing growth

~ 25
 hormone production. For diabetics and young children still in their formative
years, this may be advantageous.

ISOLEUCINE: This is needed for hemoglobin formation and stabilizing and regu-
lating blood sugar and energy levels. It is metabolized in muscle tissue and is one
of the three branched- chain amino acids which are valuable for athletes, since
they enhance energy, increase stamina and endurance, and aid in the healing and
repair of sore or injured muscle tissue.

Isoleucine has been found to be deficient in people suffer-ing from many differ-
ent mental, emotional and physical disorders. A deficiency in isoleucine can lead
to symptoms similar to those seen in hypoglycemia - i.e., sudden mood swings,
personality problems, extreme fatigue, irritability, restless sleep.

VALINE: It has a stimulant effect within the body. It is necessary for muscle
metabolism, tissue repair, and the mainte-nance of a proper nitrogen balance in
the body. Valine is found in high concentrations in muscle tissue. It is one of the
three branched-chain amino acids renowned for promoting strength and endur-
ance, especially in stressful situations. It is good for correcting the type of severe
amino acid deficiencies that can be caused by drug addiction

METHIONINE: This assists in the break-

“special preparations down of fats, thus helping to prevent a
of sandthorn berry buildup of fat within the liver and arteries
that might otherwise obstruct blood flow to
were given to
the brain, heart and kidneys. This amino acid
Russian cosmonauts” helps the digestive system; enables the body
to detoxify harmful chemical agents such as
lead and mercury; helps diminish muscle
weakness; and protects against radiation. (This may explain why special prepara-
tions of sandthorn berry were given to Russian cosmonauts in the past to pro-tect
them from radiation burns as they passed through the energy fields surrounding
the earth in space, which later became known as the Van Allen radiation belts.
The first man in space, former Soviet fighter pilot Yuri Gagarin, reported in his
memoirs of taking tablets of oblepiha as his tiny space craft Vostok soared above

26 ~
the earth, which he reported as being “oh so beautiful” from his vantage viewing
point some 9 hours after take off on April 12, 1961.)4-5

Methionine is a good source of sulfur which inactivates tree radicals, thus mak-
ing it a potent antioxidant.

PHENYLALANINE: Once it gets into the body it is converted into another amino
acid, tyrosine, which in turn is used to syn-thesize two key neurotransmitters that
promote alertness: dopamine and norepinephrine. Because of its relationship to
the action of the central nervous system and brain, this essential amino acid can
elevate mood, decrease pain, aid in memory and learning, and suppress the appe-
tite.

Some of these features are especially helpful for long-distance truck drivers, shift
workers and college students cramming for finals. Those who are obese and un-
happy with their ex-cess weight can reduce their food intakes whi1e improving
their own self-esteem with this amino acid.

LYSINE: This is one of the most important building blocks for all protein. It is
needed for proper growth and bone develop-ment in children. It helps calcium
absorption and maintains a proper nitrogen balance in adults. This amino acid
aids in the production of antibodies, hormones and enzymes, and helps in col-
lagen formation and muscle tissue repair. Because it assists in building muscle
protein; it is good for those recovering from recent surgery or sports injuries. It
also lowers elevated serum triglyceride levels, which are considered more dan-
gerous than elevated serum cholesterol.

Lysine is very useful in fighting cold sores and herpes virus. Together with the
high amounts of vitamin C and flavonoids in sandthorn berry, this is an ideal food
source for fighting and/or preventing outbreaks of herpes.

There you have it, some of sandthorn’s more important free-form amino acids
which can do some amazing things in the human body.

~ 27
28 ~
Chapter V
VITALITY OF TRACE ELEMENTS
Some of the Many Micronutrients in Sandthorn Berry

I
n the body a number of minerals are usually found in greater abundance than
vitamins. In a normal adult they make up about 5 percent of total body weight
mostly in the bones. Minerals needed in the hundreds of milligrams per day -
think calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium - are referred to as major
or macro. Those that are required in lesser amounts: (usually under 50 milligrams
daily) - zinc, chromium, manganese, and selenium - are known as micro miner-
als.

After these come the trace elements themselves of which there are a great many:
boron, copper, iodine, iron, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, silver, tin, titanium,
vanadium, and so forth. They are essential but only in very tiny amounts and
usually measured in micrograms (mcgs) or so many parts per million (ppm). In
some ways they are actually just as vital, or more so than certain minerals.

But whereas the cliché “If some is good, then more is better,” might safely apply
to a few of the macro minerals, it could spell deadly poison for something such as
arsenic.1 In the tiniest trace amounts, this essential nutrient is an effective remedy
against a rare form of leukemia and certain skin diseases such as psoriasis, her-
pes, and leprosy, not to mention helping correct blood abnormalities. And be-
cause it has an affinity for fat, a certain minute portion is con-centrated within the
brain which helps to facilitate thinking and memory.2 Likewise, in larger doses it
can have just the opposite effect and drive someone insane as arsenic seems to
have done with King George III of England.3

Deficiencies of Trace Elements

Many of us suffer from deficiencies of trace elements without ever knowing it.
These can be manifested in numerous ways ranging from unexplained fatigue
and momentary memory blackouts of important data to mysterious skin eruptions

~ 29
 and glandular disturbances that baffle the best doctors. Others are less apparent,
originating at a cellular level but causing a ripple effect upward to puzzling physical
symptoms.

Some of the basic causes of vital trace element deficiencies are unbalanced diets
in which different food components may either intensify or inhibit the assimila-
tion of certain elements. Also, an inadequate consumption of trace elements on a
fairly regular basis lends itself to deficiencies. Additional losses come through
increased physical activities. Athletes are subject to this because their intensified
muscular actions cause enhanced secretions of valuable micronutrients through
bowel and kidney emptying, thereby outstripping their replenishment from en-
riched food sources.4-5

The symptoms begin at a cellular level. Within every cell are living organelles
called mitochondria that closely resemble bacteria. They are constantly changing
their shape and fusing with one another and then separating again. Depending on
what positions they’re in at the time determines how much ATP (adenosine triph-
osphate) is then produced; ATP is a common currency of energy in all cells and
its hydrolysis is coupled to other biochemical reactions that ultimately forms
physical energy and muscular strength.6

Mitochondria are very complex in their chemi-

cal behaviors. Only has recent research into a
“when these pathways variety of genetic diseases been able to gradu-
are disrupted, the ally unravel some of this. One of the more aston-
consequences can be ishing finds has been that iron plays a crucial role
catastrophic” in many facets of mitochondrial metabolism. But
when these pathways are disrupted, the conse-
quences can be catastrophic.

Heretofore, iron metabolism has been largely confined to the chelated iron path-
way leading to hemoglobin production where oxygen is carried and blood re-
ceives its distinctive red color. But with the emergence of new data showing that
mitochondrial proteins are heavily involved in iron metabolism, it suggests that
any deficiency of this vital element at the cellular level will result in decreased

30 ~
ATP outputs. The rippling effect will soon manifest itself in greater tiredness,
lethargy, and muscular weakness.7

And if an absence of sufficient sulfur is tossed into this energy-losing equation,

then things get even crazier and symptoms more pronounced. For iron needs this
other trace element in order to be properly utilized, otherwise it remains in an
unusable form within the mitochondria.8

So what we have in the final analysis is a considerably expanded role for iron that
no one knew about, its co-dependency on sulfur to work as it should, and defi-
ciencies of either mineral creating unbelievable havoc with cellular energy pro-
duction that basically robs the muscles and glands of their strength and stamina.
Once this occurs, the body wants to park itself somewhere and recuperate even
though it has been well-fed, well-rested and not subjected to any strenuous mo-
tions to speak of.

A Baker’s Dozen
There aren’t very many sources in nature to which one can turn in order to find an
array of trace elements that are vital to human and animal health. Seaweed and
sea water come to mind, as does certain forms of argillaceous (clay) earth or old
volcanic ash. Bone marrow is another as are a
few body organs such as liver, heart and brain.
Salt water fish and the oils they yield (mackerel
and sardines) round out the list. An occasional “the only fruit I know
marine life such as shrimp may be exceptionally of that abounds in
high in one particular trace element, in this case many valuable
iodine, but lacking in others. What becomes clear trace elements”
from all of this is that the sources for many mul-
tiple trace elements are pretty limited.

However, nature in her infinite wisdom has produced the only fruit I know of that
abounds in many valuable trace elements. It is the remarkable sandthorn berry
and I’ve chosen the proverbial ‘baker’s dozen’ or thirteen of them that I believe
speak well for the incredible nutritive value held by this most marvelous of fruits.
What follows is tabled data showing their particular amounts in parts per million

~ 31
 (ppm) in sandthorn juice9and listings of their individual benefits. Keep in mind,
though, that these only represent a fraction of the mineral elements contained
throughout the plant itself.

Trace Element Composition of Sandthorn Berry Juice

Aluminum 256.8 ppm

Barium 0.362 ppm
Boron 1.74 ppm
Cobalt 0.1 ppm
Copper 4.0 ppm
Iron 804.3 ppm
Lithium 0.303 ppm
Molybdenum 0.058 ppm
Nickel 0.357 ppm
Strontium 1.19 ppm
Tin 0.259 ppm
Titanium 0.614 ppm
Vanadium 0.01 ppm

Therapeutic Trace Elements

Without trace elements all bodily functions would soon cease or suffer serious
disruptions! They are a necessary part of everything that goes on inside of us. To
quote a Biblical phrase from the Book of Genesis in the Old Testament, “In the
beginning...” they were around when none of us were. In fact, evolutionists theo-
rize that the so-called ‘primordial soup’ from which all living matter began, was
essentially an interesting mix of many different minerals being slightly heavier
on the trace element side and a little bit lighter on the macro and micro nutrients
side of things.

They are often called essential trace elements because they are so indispensable
to everything happening inside of us. They are absolutely needed for catalytic
biochemical reactions required for sustaining the life of humans and animals alike.
They have been linked to a large number of participatory roles in various enzyme
system complexes either as components of enzymes, co-factors or initial activa-

32 ~
tors. Therapeutically, such essential trace ele-
ments have wide applicability within the healing
arts. When any given substance, be it an herb, “essential trace
nutritional formula, or blended drink of some elements have wide
kind, performs well within the body it usually applicability within the
means that the item’s particular trace elements, healing arts”
minerals and vitamins have corrected existing
health problems by replenishing low stores of
depleted nutrients.10

Thirteen specific trace elements vital to our well-being are presented here; they
are but some of many other minerals in which sandthorn berry abounds. Become
acquainted with them so that you can better appreciate what that marvelous juice
does for you nutritionally as no other formulated fruit or vegetable juice product
is capable of doing.

ALUMINUM (266.8 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): This happens to be the

most abundant metallic element found in earth’s crust, as well as in sea water, sea
weeds and marine life. Present in the sandthorn berry in rather large but still trace
amounts, it occurs in its elemental form, which is to say that it doesn’t readily
cross the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, poses no harm to the body.11 Alumi-
num interacts with other trace elements (iron, strontium, fluorine) and macro
minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus) for bone and tooth enamel strength-
ening to prevent fractures and cavities from occurring so easily. It is also in-
volved with muscle coordination and our vertical balancing.13

BARIUM (0.362 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): Brazil nuts are an accumulator
of it, containing up to several thousand parts per million!14 In human adults barium
concentrations tend to form in the hair, bones (in their spongy substance where
marrow occurs),15 liver, heart, kidneys and blood serum.16 In these places it forti-
fies.17 It is widely employed in the medical profession as a diagnostic aid and
remedial measure for gastric ulcers and GEPO (gastro esophageal reflux dis-
ease)18 Hospital radiologists also rely heavily on barium in enema form to permit
clear visualization of the rectum, colon and small intestines in the diagnoses of
colorectal polyps and cancer, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.19

~ 33
 BORON (1.74 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): This element is of major impor-
tance in the production of cellular energy (ATP) by mitochondria which lay with
the cytoplasm where most of a cell’s metabolic reactions occur.20-21 A study con-
ducted at the School of Public Health at UCLA a few years ago showed conclu-
sively “that risk of prostate cancer falls as boron intake climbs.” Men consuming
at least 1.8 milligrams daily of boron had less than one-third of the prostate can-
cer risk than that of other men eating under 0.9 mg/day. 22 And at the Experimen-
tal Biology conference in Orlando, FL in April 2001, animal data was offered
showing distinct immune benefits from dietary sources supplying the equivalent
of just 2 milligrams of boron, in a person’s diet each day.22 (NOTE: A 3 ounce
serving of sandthorn berry juice every morning will meet and exceed this recom-
mended intake.) Other studies conducted with postmenopausal women and os-
teoarthritis patients have shown that a 3 milligram dose of boron dramatically
increased their blood estradiol (the most important of the naturally produced es-
trogens), increased their calcium retention and increased their testosterone lev-
els, all of which exert bone-protecting properties. Boron also has an affinity for
certain naturally occurring molecules with strong anti-inflammatory properties -
SAMe (S-adenosylemethionine) and the bioactive form of the B vitamin niacin,
both of which reduce the pain commonly associated with osteoarthritis.23 Several
studies involving low boron intake with men and women past 50, showed low
calcium metabolism; but when boron was increased to 3 milligrams a day, cal-
cium metabolism was also enhanced considerably.24 A practicing N.D. recom-
mends boron from non-citrus fruits as the best way for keeping joint tissue health
at all times.25

COBALT (0.1 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): In 1926 doctors discovered that
large doses of liver could cure pernicious anemia. When the constituent in liver
responsible for the cure - vitamin B12- was isolated in 1948, scientists found that
cobalt was an important part of the molecule. Although cobalt can be toxic as an
inorganic mineral, it is essential to life when incorporated into vitamin B-12.
Cobalt also interacts with iodine to promote thyroid functioning. B-12 is the first
vitamin found to contain a metallic element being the only cobalt-containing com-
pound in the human body and the most complex nonpolymer yet found in nature.
It is essential, in conjunction with an enzyme, in at least ten biochemical reac-

34 ~
tions, two of them being growth and red blood cell formation in humans. B-12 is
the only vitamin that is synthesized exclusively by microorganisms with the as-
sistance of cobalt.27 In times past cobalt was placed inside a nuclear reactor and
bombarded with slow neutrons to make cobalt-60 which ‘was once used in radia-
tion therapy for cancer, but now has been largely abandoned in favor of more
powerful and therapeutically useful linear accelerators that don’t emit constant
gamma rays.28

COPPER (4.0 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): It is a component in numerous

copper enzymes and plays a vital role in humans and animals. It is involved in the
development and maintenance of cardiovascular and skeletal integrity, central
nervous system structure and function, and red blood cell formation including
iron metabolism. Copper deficiencies frequently show up in newborns with ge-
netic birth defects.29 Copper bracelets have been worn by some Hollywood ac-
tors such as the late John Wayne of Western films in the belief that it might help
alleviate pain in their arthritic wrist joints.

IRON (804.3 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): It Is vital for all living organisms
because it is essential for multiple metabolic processes that include oxygen syn-
thesis and electron transport. Removal of iron from tissue culture media pro-
duces a prompt cessation of cellular metabolic function and cell division. But
iron must be bound to protein (amino acids) in order to prevent tissue damage
from free radical formation. Body concentrations of iron are maintained prima-
rily by regulation of the absorption of dietary iron in the proximal small intestine.
Humans conserve body iron more efficiently than other animals. A man with a 4
gram body store of iron will lose only 1 mg. daily (0.025% of body iron). How-
ever, women during the childbearing years are apt to lose twice or three times
that amount due to menstruation and childbirth. Since hemoglobin con-tains 3.46
mg. of iron per gram of hemoglobin, each milliliter of blood loss (Hb 15g/dl)
results in depletion of half a milligram of icon. Food iron occurs largely as either
ferric iron or heme iron. The latter is, by far more soluble at the pH level of the
duodenum.3° The iron in alpine sandthorn berry is of the heme variety and is
easily absorbable. The use of this fruit juice on a daily basis (3 ounces twice a
day) should provide enough iron to compensate for any losses through natural
means (but not losses derived from serious injuries). Recent advances in genet-

~ 35
 ics, molecular biology have been of great help in clarifying the molecular mecha-
nisms of iron homeostasis.31

LITHIUM (0.303 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): It is stored in the pituitary,

ovaries, thyroid and adrenals. It plays a role in fertility and in cellular uptake of
glucose. Depression, bipolar disorder and psychotic behavior are easily remedied
with lithium supplementations as are substance abuse addictions.32

MOLYBDENUM (0.058 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): It is essential to the

function of several enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of alcohol and
food preservatives (luncheon meats such as bologna and pizza meat toppings like
pepperoni).33 Molybdenum activates a special enzyme that prevents the forma-
tion of many food-based carcinogens.34 This trace element is getting more atten-
tion these days for its ability to detoxify from the body a number of potentially
harmful chemicals added to many fast foods and soft drinks. One of the biggest
manufacturing culprits is International Flavors & Fragrances which sits off Exit
8A in Dayton, NJ. Inside its pale blue building work many men and women in
neat white lab coats and hundreds of little glass bottles set on laboratory shelves
and tables around them. These bottles contain powerful chemicals with long,
complicated names. Many of the same chemicals are used to flavor popular soft
drinks, sport drinks, bottled teas and wine coolers, as well as giving nice fra-
grances to fine perfumes, deodorants, dishwashing detergents, bath soaps, sham-
poos, furniture polish and floor wax. In a nutshell, the same chemicals behind the
scent of your shaving cream or hair gel is the same as that used to flavor your
microwave TV dinner or Danish breakfast rolls. The amazing thing is that most
of these powerful chemicals would kill a lab rat outright, yet they are legally
permitted to be used in much of what we consume that falls under the category of
“junk food”.35

NICKEL (0.357 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): This heavy metal is of primary
importance in the metabolism of energy sources such as fat, glucose and glyco-
gen.36 Nickel compounds have been routinely used in hydrogenated or partially-
hydrogenated fats and oils which includes margarine and deep-frying vegetable
shortenings, which have been implicated in heart disease and impaired memory
in these forms. 37-38

36 ~
STRONTIUM (1.19 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): This trace element was first
discovered in 1809 near the Scottish village of Strontian, from which it took its
name. Medical research involving the oral administration of strontium salts has
helped stimulate bone formation and greatly reduced the risks of osteoporositic
frac-tures.39-40 Prehistoric peoples seem to have had a lot more trace elements in
their diets than we do on account of their subsistence on nuts and berries, both of
which are extremely high in such valuable micronutrients. Strontium ranks very
high in nuts and berries. In Paleolithic skeletal remains it is concentrated in bone,
tooth enamel and tooth dentine,41 leaving them relatively void of osteoporosis
and cavities. In Eastern Europe, before the collapse of Russian communism about
75% of dietary strontium came from hard-baked bread and unrefined bread flour
products, with another 15% coming from raw milk and the final 10% from all
other foodstuffs.42 High strontium levels were measured in five species of fish
from Lake Huron: yellow perch, northern redhorse sucker, longnose or sturgeon
sucker, gizzard shad, and carp. 43 Interestingly enough, strontium has a chemical
similarity to calcium and because of this often follows the same metabolic routes
similar to those of calcium under normal physiolo-gical conditions.44 Strantium’s
mimicry of calcium’s chemical behavior allows it to get into our skeletons by
substituting for calcium. Archaeologists have been using two isotopes from el-
emental strontium (Strontium-86 and Strontium-57) found in the skeletal and
dental remains of prehistoric peoples to decipher the migratory paths they took in
their many wanderings.45

TIN (0.259 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): Some 3½ decades ago it was discov-
ered that a shortage of tin resulted in severe growth abnormalities; stunting, lack
of energy and muscle tonicity, and other symptoms.46 Tin has a rather interesting
but little known role in Carcinogenesis. It is known that cancer tumors have sig-
nificantly higher amounts of zinc than what is normal. 47-48 By the same token,
though, their tin contents is very low.49-50 Some studies have shown that a num-
ber of organic tin materials injected into P-388 leukemic mice increased their
lifespan dramatically.51-52 In life-term studies wherein rodents were administered
tin through enriched diets or by periodic injection, lower tumor incidences were
reported.53-54 Various isolated reports have indicated that steel workers engaged
in tin finishing operations have a decreased incidence of cancer,55 while subpopu-

~ 37
 lations being on tin poor soils show much higher cancer incidence56 than the gen-
eral population. Still, other studies have shown that the highest concentration of
tin in non-cancer prone mice occurs in the thymus gland, followed by the spleen
and bone marrow.57-58 The pathway of organic tin into the body from a plant food
such as alpine sandthorn is relatively simple. As the berry juice enters the body it
is absorbed through the villi of the small intestine, then enters the mesenteric
lymph node and moves on to the thymus. Here in this gland the tin is then pro-
cessed into one or more biochemicals. The tin bearing bioactive compounds are
quite organ specific.59-60 Lack of a thymus gland prevents the development of the
necessary tin compounds resulting in immunological incompetence.61-62 Active
tin compounds form in the thymus and propagate from this central depot through-
out the entire lymphatic system. The molecules are relatively small and carried
where needed by migrating thymocytes. - Tin levels drop dramatically with ad-
vancing age.

TITANIUM (0.814 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): The amount in this fruit, like
some of the other trace elements previously covered in this section, may seem
small in comparison to macrominerals such as calcium and magnesium. But size
isn’t everything when it comes to matching their importance with human health
needs. As one writer put it: “[Trace elements] are the tools serving to give speed
to chemical reactions. They may be combined with some organic substance and
by that union some additional chemical reactions may be initiated.” 65 Based on
this understanding, titanium is of benefit in the upper respiratory system, particu-
larly where it helps to purify the lungs in conditions similar to consumption. As
well as within the blood itself working in concert with other trace elements to
remove those impurities that could otherwise lead to a heart attack over a given
time. Titanium is also efficacious for treating various skin diseases.66-67 Without
these minute amounts of titanium present, berries such as the alpine sandthorn
wouldn’t be as remarkable as they are in terms of their wonderful healing poten-
tial. As another writer has so poignantly put it: “The unraveling of the relation-
ships of micronutrient elements in plant and animal nutrition has been one of the
great contributions of modern science toward an understanding of the nature of
the world in which we live.”68 And so it goes with titanium, one of the essential
trace elements our bodies need but of which so little about it is known. It is a
principal catalyst for other micronutrients and some enzyme systems - without it

38 ~
:their functions would not be as complete.

VANADIUM (0.01 ppm in alpine sandthorn berry): This element resembles phos-
phorus. There is some geological evidence that in the past, plant and animals
have concentrated the element, particularly certain berries.69 If this be so, then
the vanadium present in sandthorn, while incalculably small, is more potent than
from other sources. This micronutrient was used in the last century by French
physicians as a treatment for diabetes and fatigue. Once insulin was discovered,
though, the use of vanadium dwindled considerably.70 Vanadium was declared an
essential trace element in 1971. The best evidence in favor of vanadium as a
necessary micronutrient comes from a long-term study of vanadium deprived
goats. Their offspring had bone deformities in their front legs, and some of them
died within three days after birth. In addition, the vanadium deficient mother
goats produced less milk.71 Vanadium is involved in glucose, cholesterol and bone
metabolism. It can act independently from insulin in lowering glucose levels. It
has also been found to suppress cholesterol synthesis in the livers of young people
who have higher cholesterol levels. Trials in adults with higher cholesterol failed
to reduce levels. Vanadium stimulates glucose uptake into the fat cells and the
transformation into glycogen for storage. In studies on diabetic rats, vanadium
seems to work a lot like insulin by stabilizing blood glucose levels in the normal
range. Vanadium also appears to make the cell more sensitive to insulin.72 It also
initiates an increase in the contractile force of the heart. Several studies suggest it
may have anticancer properties and be involved in the mineralization of bone and
teeth.

Trace elements are a vital part of the nutritional

success behind the alpine sandthorn berry. Space “Trace elements are
has only permitted a mere handful of them to be a vital part of the
introduced here - there are many others still “wait- nutritional success
ing in the wings” as it were to make their own
behind the alpine
encore appearance within your body and stage
for you a very private performance of what the sandthorn berry”
berry juice can do when taken consistently.

The earth herself gives of her bounty; in this case it happens to be those many

~ 39
 trace elements essential for the sustaining of human, animal and plant life upon
her surface. The roots of the sandthorn shrub or tree carefully collect all of them
from the ground in which they grow and send them on up through the plant itself
and out into the apricot-colored fruit where they rightfully belong.

For there is the vitality of which we speak...the animating elements which can
invigorate and fortify those hundreds of millions of invisible cells that make us
who and what we are in the present and the world tomorrow.

40 ~
Chapter VI
NUTRITIONAL NETWORKING
Vitamin-Mineral Interactions in the Wonder Fruit

T
he concept of networking has several definitions. It can be a fabric or
structure of cords or wires that cross at regular intervals and are knotted or
secured at the crossings. Or it can involve a system of lines or channels
resembling a network. An interconnected or interrelated chain, group or system,
say of hotels for instance, also fit this category. In the broadcast industry, it is a
group of radio or television stations linked by wire or radio relay; or it can in-
volve a single radio or TV company that produces programs for airing over such
a network. In the world of high-speed computers, where everything is
INTERconnected anyway, such a NETwork goes by the familiar term of
INTERNET.

Learn From The Dolphins

Dolphins are considered to be some of the smartest mammals on earth, they are
actually small whales that can swim better than many fish. They have super hear-
ing and their use of sonar was discovered by chance during World War II and
later incorporated into naval submarines all over the world.

Communication is very important to this species that depends on cooperation for

gathering food. A small group of dolphins may start a “fish roundup’ by swim-
ming 30 feet (9 meters) apart, herding the prey toward the surface. They take
turns breaching - jumping out of the water and slapping back in - stunning the
fish and causing them to panic. From as far as six miles (10 kilometers) away,
other dolphins will hear the activity and join in. Twenty or 30 individuals may
grow to an efficient fish-catching group of 300 dolphins working together.

Dolphins not only communicate and work together, they help others in need. In
November 1993, a dwarf pygmy whale was spotted heading for Tigertail Beach,
Marco Island, Florida. Accompanying it were two dolphins, one on each side to

~ 41
 the floundering and obviously very ill whale. Witnesses insist the dolphins were
helping the whale by holding the sick animal upright on its way to beach itself on
the shore. They stayed with the sick whale until it got all the way up onto the
sand. Then they headed back out to sea. 1

Nature’s Own Multivitamin

Two Russian geneticists who’ve studied alpine sandthorn extensively, have cor-
rectly labeled it as “one of the few plants justly called A MULTIVITAMIN. The
fruit contains a whole set of water-and-fat soluble vitamins.” They then provide
what amounts to a partial alphabetical listing of these: A, B, C, D, E, F, K and p.2

Swedish and Chinese scientists have also concurred with this assessment, saying
that “the vitamin content of seabuckthorn is much higher than many other fruits
or vegetables.”3-4 A breakdown of the ‘Big 3’ - A, C and E - shows where this
berry stands in relation to other fruits and vegetables.

And so far as the B-complex vitamins go, they are also present in varying de-
grees. But the two in which it predominates are folic acid and B-12. Folate is
water-soluble and prevents neural tube defects in newborns, prevents the rise of
plasma homocysteine which has been im-plicated in cardiovascular diseases, and
prevent certain forms of cancer. Sandthorn berries have been found to be a rich
source of folate.6 In the table below, we see where the fruit sits in comparison
with other shrub fruits.

Before serious evaluations of alpine sandthorn came along, it had always been
assumed that no plant contained a significant amount of vitamin B-12. But a very
recent study published on internet in the Spring of 2007, claimed that sandthorn
berry “not only contains all the B vitamins, [but that] its vitamin B-12 content is
as high as in liver.”8 obalamin (as it’s also called because of the presence of trace
element cobalt) facilitates the following bodily functions: Appetite, blood cell
formation, cell longevity, healthy nervous system, iron absorption and metabo-
lism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. B-12 deficiency symptoms include (but
aren’t limited to): diminished reflex responses, fatigue, memory impairment,
mental depression and confusion, nervousness, pernicious anemia, walking and
speaking difficulties, and muscle weakness in the arms and legs.

42 ~
The evidence is pretty clear that SANDTHORN BERRY IS NATURE’S OWN
MULTIVITAMIN!

Content of Vitamins A, C, E per 100 Grams Berry Juice5

Vitamin A (carotenes)
ALPINE SANDTHORN 270 RE
Apricots 250 RE
Pumpkin 250 RE
Tomatoes 200 RE
persimmon 200 RE
Sweet red peppers 350 RE
Rosehips 450 RE
Carrots 1,500 RE
Vitamin C
ALPINE SANDTHORN 220 mg
Sweet red peppers 250 mg
Black currants 200 mg
Guavas 180 rug
Hot chili peppers 360 mg
Rosehips 650 mc
Kiwi 74 mg
Vitamin E
ALPINE SANDTHORN 180 mg
Wheatgerm oil 190 mg
Sunflower oil 50 mg
Sunflower seeds 50 tug
Almonds 24 mg
Filbert nuts 24 mg
Palm oil 22 mg

Folate Contents of Three Popular Berries7

Blueberries 11 mg/l00 g fresh weight

SANDTHORN BERRIES 39 mg/l00 g fresh weight
Rosehips 96 mg/l00 g fresh weight

~ 43
 Berries as Sources of Minerals
Somewhere between potatoes and mushrooms rank berries in terms of their min-
eral compositions - whole potatoes (with the skins intact) still serve as a “signifi-
cant source of most minerals”, with mushrooms following a close second. In
between them are berries, being some-what low in macrominerals such as cal-
cium and magnesium but higher, of course, in microminerals like selenium and
zinc.

Berries, however, are surprisingly rich in a wide

“our daily nutirents... variety of trace elements (as previously shown
should be coming from in Chapter V) where they are measured in parts-
per-million (ppm). Only seaweeds arid sea wa-
food sources” ter excel them in such vital nutrients. Three sepa-
rate studies have found a total of forty-five min-
erals and trace elements in berries as a whole.8-
10
The sandthorn berry stands among them as containing numerous such nutri-
ents, though obviously in varying proportions.

Minerals in general are major support factors in the maintenance of good health.
In fact, they work right alongside vitamins and both assist each other in doing
their myriad tasks within the body. To insure adequate mineral intake, therefore,
common sense suggests that potatoes (with jackets intact) and mushrooms aug-
ment the diet in addition to daily intakes of sandthorn berry juice. Cooked food
can be seasoned with granulated kelp or dulse, two seaweeds which will help
round out a person’s mineral needs for the most part.

We have become far too accustomed to getting our daily nutrients from capsules
or tablets, when they really should be coming from food sources instead. Sandthorn
berry juice nicely complements whole potatoes (skins intact), mushrooms and
seaweed seasonings (kelp, dulse) in helping us get the minerals that our bodies
require for optimal health.

Berries as Fiber Snacks

One thing I’ve noticed in the many years that I’ve been consuming berries on an
almost daily basis, is that they help keep my internal plumbing relatively clean.

44 ~
By this, I mean internal organs such as the heart, liver, lungs, stomach, kidneys
and colon. Their interesting mix of lignins, cellulose and numerous organic acids
(which give them their tartness) work better than any prescription or over-the-
counter laxative I’ve ever seen. And they keep the urinary tract free from infec-
tions!

I’ve been dining for better than 15 years at a local buffet in downtown Salt Lake
City, not far from my Medical Research Center. I go there once a day and usually
have three plates of food, one of which is always a colored vegetable of some
kind (baked banana squash, red beets, shredded carrots or cooked brussel sprouts).
The other will be the meat dish of the day, but the last one is always piled high
with semi-frozen berries (blackberries, blueberries, raspberries). I added sandthorn
berry juice to my daily regimen a year ago through the kindness of three friends.
I take it in the morning, mid-afternoon and again before retiring to bed.

As a result of this four-berry mixture, my body feels younger than it has in years.
A sense of revitalization has taken place that I haven’t felt since my youth. At age
60, I look, feel and think younger than my years actually show. My skin is mar-
velously radiant, and I have often received compliments from women (who pay
close attention to their own skin) to this effect. I attribute it all to BERRIES!
These jewel-like fruits are one of the simplest and most sumptuous foods Mother
Nature offers from her pantry of sustainable goodies. Berries may be small but
they are a mighty nutritional force to be reckoned with in terms of the health
quality they provide.

William’s Success with Sandthorn

This book has been about some of the many wonderful nutrients contained within
alpine sandthorn berry and what they are capable of doing within the human body
- For in this fine, little fruit may be found nutritional networking at its very best -
a diverse mix of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, amino acids, organic acids,
enzymes, fiber and the like, all working together in harmonious complexes to
elicit many positive biochemical reactions that ace exceedingly favorable to health
needs.

The story of William D.J.W. of West Jordan, UT is illustrative of what happens

~ 45
 when SOMETHING REAL is finally put into the body to counteract all of the
UNreal things to which it has been sorely subjected for so long. William is in his
mid—sixties and comes from a medical industry background split between 15
years in management experience and the other 15 as a sales representative. During
this time he also obtained his MBA (Master of Business Administration) degree.
In the final years before his retirement he worked in the Pharmaceutical products
Division of Abbott Laboratories. It was here that he developed, as he put it, “my
sensitivity to the need for medications and food supplements that are effective
without causing adverse side effects.”

He had been suffering urination difficulties for

“the alpine sandthorn awhile, which proved frustrating and
berry has many embarrassing. He sought medical help but his
suffering continued until he was introduced to a
redeeming virtues
sandthorn berry juice blend. Besides taking care
that surpass other of his main worry, the sandthorn berry, along
exotic fruits” with an exercise program also lowered William’s
blood pressure.

William’s story is so typical of the many testimonials which are routinely offered
in behalf of alpine sandthorn. People who become acquainted with it through the
kindness of others, commence using it for a particular problem with good success.
But along the way, they soon notice that other problems are also diminishing as
well. This is proof of the nutritional networking which goes on inside a consumer’s
body once he or she begins using the berry on a daily basis. The scores of nutrients
contained within it interrelate with those already present in the body and set up
numerous chain reactions that fortify, relieve and repair.

I’ve termed this series of collective responses ‘nutritional networking’, because

that’s what it really is all about - some 190 bioactive berry nutrients linking up
with heaven knows how many others already present in the body, but obviously
in reduced amounts. The biochemical teamwork that results is one of the most
amazing things I’ve ever seen engendered by something small yet very powerful.
It looks and tastes like a dwarf apricot. But the alpine sandthorn berry has many
redeeming virtues that surpass other exotic fruits claiming to be special when, in

46 ~
tact, they are more passé than anything else. Sandthorn is something to get excited
about now that your interest has been sufficiently aroused with the information
that this booklet has provided - Look for and find the opportunity to treat your
body with the benefits of this amazing berry juice. The robust taste that greets
your tongue is Nature’s way of saying, “Hello there! Something good is on the
way into your system right now and it’s mighty nutritious! -Alpine sandthorn
berry is quite distinctive and a class act unto itself when used consistently. No
finer fruit exists that I know of. It truly is ‘The Wonder Plant of Europe and Asia’
in more ways than tongues can tell or gifted hands can write about.

~ 47
48 ~
Appendix
REFERENCES
By Chapter

Chapter I
1
Yu Sui Yuandanguibu et al., translated by Li Yongnian 1983, Si Bu YiDian.

2
Ma Yingcai 1989. Thesis Collection of International Academic Exchange Meet-
ing on Seabuckthorn. Wugong Centre For Agricultural Science Research, Xi’an.

3
Xu Zhonglu et al. 1956. preliminary research on acetylsalicylic seabuckthorn
juice. J. Nutrition (l):333.

4
The Editorial Board of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China 1977.
Pharmacopia of the People’s Republic of China. People’s Medical Publishing
House, Beijing.

5
Jaakko Hyvonen, “Phylogeny of Seabuckthorn”; in Virendra Singh’s
Seabuckthorn (New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company, 2003), 1:50.

6
Michael Derrjäa, ‘What is Sea Buckthorn...Sanddorn...and its History?...’, p.6.
www.mdidea.com/products/proper/proper003.html, 5/16/2007.

7
Deepak Dhyani et al, “Basic nutritional attributes of Hippophae rhamnoides.-.”,
Current Science 92(8):1149- (April 23, 2007)

8
Mingyu, Xu et al, The Medicinal Research on Seabuckthorn. International Work-
shop on Seabuckthorn, 18-21 February 2001.

9
Fuheng Wu, ‘Seabuckthorn medicine in Russia”, Seabuckthorn 1991, 4.38-41.

10
Peter Gorner and Ronald Kotulak, “Molecular ‘Sharks’ Swim Through Body to

~ 49
 Fuel or Destroy Health”; Chicago Tribune, Dec. 27, 1991.

11
Durk Pearson and Sandy Shaw, Life Extension (New York: Warner Books,
1962; p. 382).

12
Alam Zeb and Sultan Mehmood, “Carotenoids Contents from Various Sources
and Their Potential Health Applications”; Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3(3):200-
202 (2004).
13
5ee footnote 5, Virendra Singh, “Free Radical Diseases, Anti-oxidants and Anti-
oxidant properties of Seabuckthorn”; in Singh 2:22.

Chapter II
1
Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963;
pp. 60-62.

2
Stuart Chase, Rich Land, Poor Land (New York: Whittlesey House, 1936; p. 3).
See footnote 6 in Chapter 1, Derrida, p. 15.

3
Q.Isa Daudpota, “A Little Berry Magic,” pp. 3-4.

4
Dawn Sci-Tech World (The Internet Edition), July 16, 2005. www.dawn.com/
weekly/science/archive/0507l6/sciencell.htm.

5
Victor Herbert, M.D., The Mount Sinai School of Medicine Complete Book of
Nutrition (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990; pp. 605-606).

6
Related to me by Lisa 3. at a public health lecture in Feb. 2007.

6
Rebecca Wright; “The Essential Fatty Acid Frenzy”, Nutraceuticals World, March
2007, p.43.

7
J. Berth-Jones et al, “placebo-controlled trial of essential fatty acid supplemen-
tation in atopic dermatitis”, Lancet 341:1557 (1993).

50 ~
8
A.K. Johansson et al, “Characterization of seed oils of wild edible Finnish ber-
ries”, Z. Lebenssssm.Unters.porsch. A 204:300-307 (1997).

9
W. Franke et al, “Beiträge zur Biologie der Nutzpflanzen 2. Menge und
fettsäurenzusammensetzung des Fruchtfleisch-und Samenfettes von
Sandornfruchten…” Angew. Botanik. 57:77-83 (1983).

10
B. R. Yang et al, “Effects of dietary supplementation with seabuckthorn...on
atopic dermatitis”, J. Nutr. Biochem. 10:622-30 (1999).

11
Nancy Friday, The Power of Beauty (Harpercollins, 1996; pp. 517-18 and in-
side front flap of book dust jacket).

12
See footnote 5 in Chapter 1, Virendra Singh, “Free Radical Diseases, Anti-oxi-
dants and Anti-oxidant Properties of Seabuckthorn”; in Singh 2:31.

13
T. Hatano et al, “Effects of interaction of tannins with co-existing substances”,
Chern. Pharm. Bull. 38(5):1224-29 (1990).

14
D.T. Tsybikova et al, “Chemicopharmacological studies of the polyphenol frac-
tion from seabuckthorn...”; in New Trends in Biology, chemistry and Phannacology
of Seabuckthorn, pp. 137-140. Proceedings of AN SSSR Sibir div., V.A. Penterova
(ed)., “Nauka” Sibir div., Novosibirsk.

Chapter III
1
Anthony Smith, The Mind (New York: Viking Press, 1984; p. xiii-xiv).

2
R.M. Restak, M.D., The Brain (New York: Bantam Books, 1984; p. 24-25).

3
G.W. Hartmann; Educational Psychology (New York: American Book -Co., 1941;
pp. 44-45).

4
Lise Eliot, What’s Going On In There? flow The Brain and Mind Develop In
The First Five Years of Life (New York: Bantam Books, 1999; p. 187).

~ 51
 5
See footnote 6 in Chapter I: www.mdidea.com/products/proper/proper003.html
5/16/2007.
6
H. Ahlman and T. Kjellstrom, “Clinically diagnosed small intestinal tumors in
an urban Swedish area,” Acta. Chir. Scand. 147:371-376 (1981).

7
D.G. Grahame-Smith, “The carcinoid syndrome”; in Topics in Gastro enterology
(London: Blackwells, 1977; pp. 255-312).

8
Virendra singh, “Free Radicals, Diseases, Anti-oxidants and Anti – oxidant Prop-
erties of Seabuckthorn”; in Virendra Singh’s Seabuckthorn (New Delhi: Indus
Publishing Company, 2003), 11:35-36.

9
V.A. Kryuchkov et al, “Biochemical composition of. Hippophae L. fruit intro-
duced in the Urals”; in Material of International Symposium on Seabuckthorn
(Hippophae rhamnoides L), pp. 217-18, Russia.

10
G.A. Berezhnaya et al, Developmenta1 changes in the absolute content and
fatty acid composition of acyl lipids of seabuckthorn fruits,” Plant Physiol.
Biochern. 31(3) :323-332(1993).

11
D.S. Lagazidze et al, “Content of pharmacologically active compounds in oil
from fruit pulp of Hippophae rhamnoides grown in Gruziya (USSR),” Khim.-
Farm.Zh. 18(6):713-17 (1984).

12
J. Moravcov et al, “The fatty acid composition in Hippophae rhamnoides L.
oils,” Potrav. Vdy. 13(4):287-97 (1995).

Chapter IV
1
L. P. Solonenko and G.F. Privalov, “Amino Acids and Other Nutrients of Sibe-
rian Seabuckthorn Fruit’; in Virendra Singh’s Seabuckthorn (New Delhi: Indus
Publishing Company, 2003), 11:268.

2
L.P. Solonenko and E.E. Shishkina, “Protein and amino acids in seabuckthorn
fruit”; in New in Biology., Chemistry and Pharmacology of Seabuckthorn

52 ~
(Novosibirsk, Russia: 1963, pp. 67-82).

3
See footnote 1 above; 11:267.

4
Nichael Derrida, “What is Sea Buckthorn...Sanddorn..and its History?...”, p. 10.
www.midea.com/products/propec/proper003.html,5/16/2007.

5
Nikolai Tsymbal (Ed.), First Man in Space: the Life and Achievement of Yuri
Gagarin (Moscow, Russia: Progress publishers, 1984).

Chapter V
1
Victor Herbert, M.D. et al, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine Complete Book
of Nutrition (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990; p. 105).

2
M. Anke et al, (Arsenic- a new essential trace element), Arch Tierernahr.
26(10):742-43 (October 1976).

3
Emma Ross, “Did Arsenic drive King George mad?”, Salt Lake Tribune, Friday,
Ju1y 22, 2005; p. A-14.

7
Ian Napier et al, “Iron trafficking in the mitochondrion: novel pathways revealed
by disease”, Blood l05(5):1867-1874 (March 1, 2005).

8
Helmut Beinert, “A tribute to sulfur,’ European Journal of Biochemistry 267:5659
(2000).

9
R.K. Gupta and Virendra Singh, ‘Mineral Composition of Seabuckthorn”; in
Virendra Singh’s Seabuckthorn (Mew Delhi: Daya Publishing Company, 2006),
11:276-277.

10
Henry A. Moses, “Trace Elements...”, Journal of The National Medical Asso-
ciation 71(3):227 (1979).

11
Aluminum, Natural Health, May/June 1993, p.S4.

~ 53
 13
Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health (Geneva: World Health Organiza-
tion, 1996; p. 222).

14
W. Saber, “Barium as a normal constituent of Brazil nuts,” Analyst 58:575-80
(1933).

15
J-E Beck Jensen et al, “Measurement of Trace Elements in Bone by ICP-NS”;
in Jean Nève et al, Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements (New York: Plenum Press;
p. 298).

16
See footnote 13, p. 258.

17
Frank A. Gilbert, Mineral Nutrition and the Balance of Life (Norman: Univer-
sity of Oklahoma Press, 1967; p. 247).

18
P. O’Malley, “Gastric ulcers and GERD: the new “p1agues” of the 21st cen-
tury…”, Clin Nurs Spec. 17(6):286-59 (November 2003).

19
P. Schuster and S. Jones, “Preparing the patient for a barium enema: a compari-
son of nurse and patient opinions,” J Adv Nurs. 7(5):523-7 (November 1928).

20
Earl Frieden, Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements (New York:
Pleum Press, 1984; pp. 390-91).

21
See footnote 6, pp. -15; 406.

22
J. Raloff, “Boosting Boron Could Be Helpful”, Science News 159:228 (April
14, 2001).

23
"More on Boron”, Delicious Living!, February 2001, p. 66.

24
A. Ronzio, “Boron may be an important trace mineral nutrient,” Townsend Let-
ter for Doctors & Patients, August/September 1998, pp. 54-55.

25
Anna Macintosh, N.D., “Keeping Joints Healthy with Exercise and Supple-

54 ~
ments,” Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients, April 1998, p. 45.

26
R. Marz, Medical Nutrition from Marz (Portland, OR: Omnivites Press, 1997).

27
Paul Bergrier, The Healing Power of Minerals, Special Nutrients and Trace
Elements (Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1997; p. 110).

28
R. Moossa, M.D. et al, Conmprehensive Textbook of Oncology (Baltimore. MD:
Williams & Wilkins, 1991; p. 480).

29
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(July 1976).

30
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American Journal of Hematology 64:287-98 (2000).

31
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22(l-2):1-87 (February-April 2001).

32
See footnote 27, pp. 143-144.

33
V.M. Sardesai, “Molybdenum: An essential trace element, ° Nutr Clin Pract.
8:277-81 (1993).

34
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Simon and Schuster, 1990).

35
Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation (New York: Perennial, 2002; pp. 120-122).

36
N. Anice et al, “Nickel - an essential element,” IARC Sci Publ. 53:339-65 (1984).

37
ElizaJ,etth Hiser, “Phantom Fats,” Eating Well, March 2004, p. 60.

38
Peter Jaret, “Trans Fats on the Brain,” Eating Well, April-May 2005, p. 18.

~ 55
 39
Nêve et al, Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements (New York: Plenum Press; pp.
277-282).

40
R. H. Wassermann (Ed.), The Transfer of Calcium and Strontium Across Bio-
logical Membranes (New York: Academic Press, 1963).

41
R. J. Gilbert arid J. H. Mielke, The Analysis of Prehistoric Diets (New York:
Academic Press, 1985; pp. 350; 347).

42
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Lenihan et al, Strontium Metabolism (New York: Academic Press, 1967; p. 73).

43
I.L. Ophel and J.M. Judd, “Skeletal Distribution of Strontium and Calcium and
Strontium/Calcium Ratios in Several Species of Fish”; see footnote 42, pp. 103-
09.

44
F.R. Marz et al, “Effect of Dietary Strontium on Reproductive Performance of
the Laying Lien”; see footnote 42.

45
T. Douglas Price, Tracing The Migrants’ Trail,” Scientific American Discover-
ing Archaeology September/October 2000, pp. 26-31.

46
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element-controlled environment,” Biochem Biophys Comm. 40(1);22-29 (1970).

47
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DNA and dynamics of malignant growth,” Cancer Res. 34:271-74 (1974).

48
K.B. Olson et al, “Trace element content of cancerous and non-cancerous hu-
man liver tissue,” Science 119:772-73 (1954).

49
A. Ando et al, “Affinity for a malignant tumor and organs of the elements in
group IV of the periodic table,” Radioisotope 22:7-11 (1973).

56 ~
50
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51
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tallic compounds exhibiting antitumor activity,” Chem lad. (London) 5:200-01
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52
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53
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survival, pathological lesions and life span,” Journal of Nutrition. 96:37-45 (1968).

54
N.Y. Dimitrov etal, “Effect of tin on immune response in mice,” Clinical Immuno
Immunopathol. 20:39-48 (1981).

55
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59
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thymus,” Ann Med Exp Fenn. 44:24-28 (1968).

60
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~ 57
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61
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Nature 194:1289-90 (1962).

62
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esis,” J Nat Cancer Inst. 31:791-805 (1963).

63
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64
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69
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70
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Chapter VI
1
Leslee Elliott, Mind-Blowing Mammals (New York: Sterling Publishing Co.,
Inc., 1994; pp. 30-31).

2
L.P. Solonenko and G.F. Pcivalov in V. Singh’s Seabuckttiorn (Delhi: Daya 3Pub-
lishing house, 2006; II: 264.

3
Xiangqun Gao at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; in Singh, 394.

4
Lu-Rongsen, “The chemical compositions of Hippophae fruits in China”; in Pro-
ceedings of International Symposium on Seabuckthorn (Russia; 1998; pp. 398-
412).

5
Comparison table by Michael Derrida in his internet report, “What is Sea Buck-
thorn.. .Sanddorn. . .and its History?”, p. 6 www.mdidea.com/products/proper/
proper003.html 5/16/2007.

6
See footnote 2, Singh in Singh’s Seabuckthorn, p. 37.

7
See footnote 5, Derrida’s “What is...Sanddorn...?” p. 4 of internet printout.

8
P. Varo et a, “Mineral element composition of Finnish foods,” Acta Agriculturae
Scandinavica (supplement 22), pp. 91-113 (1980).

9
See footnote 4, Lu-Rongsen, “The chemical compositions of Hippophae fruits...”

10
M.A. Korovina and V.A. Fefelov, “Biochemical variations in seabuckthorn
(Hippophae rhamnoides L.) growing in different regions of CIS states”; in Virendra
Singh’s Seabuckthorn (Delhi: Daya Publishing House; 2006; II:125).

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 Notes:

60 ~