ADLAWON, IVAN NGIPS G.

March 16, 2011

SUMMARY/INSIGHTS

CHAPTER 6

DESCRIPTIVE METHOD

Descriptive method is a method which is only describing and

characterizing a certain study of a particular survey and sometimes it

is characterized as a survey or normative approach. A normative

survey or approach is an investigation designed and conducted to

ascertain the fact concerning the present status. Descriptive research

will describes, characterize and interprets what is the problem of a

particular study. Descriptive survey method is important because it

gives a great value in providing the facts.

In descriptive method, sampling method is done because

through this, the researcher can gain accurate knowledge about a

population by measuring only a portion or sample of it. There are two

types of sampling, the probability sampling and the non-probability

sampling. Probability sampling is one in which every element of the

population has a 50-50 chance that will be included in the sample

while non-probability sampling or also called as an accident sampling

in which the sample will not given any knowledge to be included in the

sample.
 In general, there are four basic procedures included in the

probability sampling namely: (1) simple random sampling - Each

individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each

individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage

during the sampling process, (2) stratified random sampling - dividing

members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before

sampling, (3) sampling by regular interval - generates evenly spaced

points at a specified interval, and (4) cluster sampling - total

population is divided into these groups (or clusters) and a sample of

the groups is selected. In non-probability sampling, there are also four

basic procedures namely: (1) quota sampling - a population is first

segmented into mutually exclusive sub-groups, just as in stratified

sampling, (2) convenience sampling - where subjects are selected

because of their convenient accessibility, (3) purposive or deliberate

sampling - items for the sample are selected deliberately by the

researcher, and (4) snowball sampling - identify potential subjects in

studies where subjects are hard to locate.

ADLAWON, IVAN NGIPS G. March 16, 2011

SUMMARY/INSIGHTS

CHAPTER 7

STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE

Statistical technique is regarded as the more precise and objective

method of research. It is based on the collection and statistical analysis

of numerical data. It necessarily requires knowledge for better

understanding of the current writings, particularly in education,

psychology and sociology.

Statistical techniques comprise different terms that the reader must

know so that they can bitterly understand the statistical technique.

This terms are mean, median, mode, standard deviation, correlation,

validity and reliability.

The mean is the arithmetical average obtained when all the scores

are added and divided by the number of cases. The median is the

middlemost score, the score on each side of which 50 percent of the

cases in the distribution fall. The mode is simply the number which

appears with the greatest frequency. Standard deviation is a measure

of the spread of scores. It is a number that indicates how closely the

scores and it is expressed in number. Reliability is the self-consistency

of a test as a measuring instrument.

Tabulating statistical data is done when a mass of data has been

assembled, it is therefore extremely for a researcher to have a

thorough understanding of statistical table construction. Statistics

holds a central position in almost every education field like Commerce,

Physics, Chemistry, Economics, Mathematics, Biology, Botany,

Psychology, Astronomy etc…, so importance of statistics is very wide.

Now we discuss some important fields in which statistics is commonly

applied. Statistical methods are generally used for analyzing the

experiments results, testing their significance in Biology, Physics,

Chemistry, Mathematics, Meteorology, Research chambers of

commerce, Sociology, Communication and Information Technology etc.

Statistics plays a vital role in all the natural and social sciences.

Statistics is a mathematics involving the collection, interpretation,

analysis, and presentation of data. It is often used to make predictions

based on data. It is playing a main role in calculations in science. The

methods of natural sciences are most reliable but conclusions draw

from them are only probable, because they are based on incomplete

evidence. Statistical helps in describing these measurements more

precisely.
ADLAWON, IVAN NGIPS G. March 16, 2011

SUMMARY/INSIGHTS

CHAPTER 8

QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERVIEW AND

OBSERVATION TECHNIQUE

Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any

systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts,

usually using a scientific method. The primary purpose for applied

research (as opposed to basic research) is discovering, interpreting,

and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of

human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world

and the universe.

Questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of

questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering data or

information from the respondents are needed in researcher’s study.

Questionnaires have advantages over some other types of survey is

that they are cheap, don not require as much as effort, as such provide

standardized answers that make it simple to compile data.

Interviews are conversation between two people where questions

are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the

interviewee.

One method of doing research is to ask questions to the people.

This is most people’s concept of what a survey involves. However, it’s

possible to conduct research and gather date or information by simply

observing the respondents. Observation is that researcher didn’t ask

questions to the respondents, but by simply observing them. There are

two ways of doing observation, the informal and formal observation.

Informal observation is also called as unstructured or explanatory

observation. These is usually done when the researcher’s group has

little knowledge of a population and its behavior, while the formal

observation or also called as structural or systematic observation is

that every respondents is asked the same set of questions.

Above all, collecting data for a particular survey can be collected

by using one of the materials or even a combination of this, but it’s

always depend on the preference of the researcher on what will be

going to use in collecting data for his/her study.

ADLAWON, IVAN NGIPS G. March 16, 2011

SUMMARY/INSIGHTS

CHAPTER 9

ACTION RESEARCH

Action research as Corey defines as the process by which

practitioners attempt to study their problems scientifically in order to

guide, correct and evaluate their decisions and actions. Action

research is done simply by action, hence the name. Action research

can also be undertaken by larger organizations or institutions, assisted

or guided by professional researchers, with the aim of improving their

strategies, practices, and knowledge of the environments within which

they practice. Action research is an interactive inquiry process that

balances problem solving actions implemented in a collaborative

context with data-driven collaborative analysis or research to

understand underlying causes enabling future predictions about

personal and organizational change. Action research is known by many

other names, including participatory research, collaborative inquiry,

emancipator research, action learning, and contextual action research,

but all are variations on a theme. Put simply, action research is

“learning by doing” - a group of people identify a problem, do

something to resolve it, see how successful their efforts were, and if

not satisfied, try again. While this is the essence of the approach,

there are other key attributes of action research that differentiate it

from common problem-solving activities that we all engage in every

day. A more succinct definition is, Action research...aims to contribute

both to the practical concerns of people in an immediate problematic

situation and to further the goals of social science simultaneously.

Thus, there is a dual commitment in action research to study a system

and concurrently to collaborate with members of the system in

changing it in what is together regarded as a desirable direction.

Accomplishing this twin goal requires the active collaboration of

researcher and client, and thus it stresses the importance of co-

learning as a primary aspect of the research process.

ADLAWON, IVAN NGIPS G. March 16, 2011

SUMMARY/INSIGHTS

CHAPTER 10

PREPARING THE RESEARCH REPORT

Researchers communicate their results and help accumulate

knowledge through conference papers, reports, on-line journals and

print journals. While there are many rewards for having research

disseminated in a scholarly outlet, the preparation of a good research

report is not a trivial task.

Steps in making a research report. You should constantly think

about writing your report at every stage of your research activities,

organizing, writing, keying and submitting your manuscript, to seeing

the accepted manuscript through production and publication. Of

special interest in the fourth edition are the updated sections on

reporting statistics, writing without bias, preparing manuscripts with a

word processor for electronic production and publishing research in

accordance with ethical principles of scientific publishing. You should

have a copy.

Plan your report to focus on a single important finding or highly

related group of findings. In the process of analyzing your data, you

probably uncovered many relationships and gained numerous insights

into the problem. Your journal article submission, however, should

contain only one key point. The point should be so fundamental that

you should be able express it in one sentence or, at most, in a

paragraph. If you have several key points, consider writing multiple

manuscripts.

When writing your manuscript, keep in mind that the purpose is

to inform the readers of what you investigated, why and how you

conducted your investigation, the results and your conclusions. As the

investigator and writer, your job is simply to report, not to convince

and usually not to advocate. You must provide enough detail so

readers can reach their own conclusions about the quality of your

research and the veracity of your conclusions.

ADLAWON, IVAN NGIPS G. March 16, 2011

SUMMARY/INSIGHTS

CHAPTER 11

OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION, BEHAVIORAL

AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

Research is a document prepared by an analyst or strategist who

is a part of the investment research team in a stock brokerage or

investment bank. A research report may focus on a specific stock or

industry sector, a currency, commodity or fixed-income instrument, or

even on a geographic region or country. Research reports generally,

but not always, have "actionable" recommendations. Research has

become now a great importance to any profession. Everyone is aware

of the fact that knowledge is increased through research and such

research are become now a tool for the development of the country.

Through research, more high-technology will be developed and

assumptions will be done.

Research cannot prosper unless it has adequate financial

support, and most of the problems encountered by most of the

researcher is the luck of financial support to continue its research. But

today, there are many agencies and government institutions that are

welling to support to meet this needs, however, one does not need to

be well off in order to be able to work on a proposed research study. In

order to obtain funding, a researcher needs to prepare a research

proposal on the proposed project, its financial requirements and its

potential contribution to the improvements of education or to the

attainment of national government goals.

There are a lot of opportunities in research now a day; however it

is always in the hand of the researcher to pursue its study.

Creating an access point on your Mobile
Toolssettingsconnectionaccess pointsoptionsnew access point>default settings… These are the settings u
need there..
Connection Name : Something (sugestion ADLS or PCGPRS something u remember well cuz u’ll need it
later!)
Data Bearer: GPRS
Access Point Name: The name you gave to your bt connection when pairing up with the computer…
Username : None
Password : No
Authentication : Normal
IP Address Gateway : 0.0.0.0 and that’s all on this on this part..
Now, go to: tools/settings/connection, and select GPRS
Make GPRS settings to “when available”, and the access point to “none”.

Proxy – 202.133.60.187

Port – 8080

APN – airtelgprs.com

Homepage – 122.170.122.191.www.proxy-service.mobi/

STEP 1

Bago magsimula, siguraduhing tama ang petsa sa phone mo. Hindi tayo makakakunek kapag mali ang petsa
kaya tignan ng mabuti. Tapos kumuha na ng internet capable sim (smart buddy quick access sim, smart
buddy browser sim, globe starter sim, globe tattoo sim, or the new globe extreme memory sim). Old sims
won't work with IP Trick kahit na na-activate na noon. Importante ang sim kaya kung wala ka nyan, hiram
ka muna o kaya eh bumili na lang. Below P10 dapat ang load kapag smart at sun networks para di kainin.
Below P5 naman kapag globe network.

STEP 2

Mag-download ng opera mini

DITO (pindutin)
Pagkatapos mailagay ang operamini sa phone, punta sa next step.

STEP 3

Punta sa link na ito at pumili ng prov file na para sa network mo. May instructions na rin dyan kung ano
ang gagawin at paano paganahin ang prov file.
Prov files and Instructions

STEP 4

Kapag ok na ang prov file as default configuration settings, puntahan na yung Opera Mini. Huwag muna
buksan, just highlight it. Press OPTIONS> APPLICATION ACCESS> COMMUNICATION> then sa
NETWORK ACCESS, i-set mo sa ASK FIRST TIME. Then sa OPTIONS ulit> APPLICATION
ACCESS> DATA ACCESS> then sa READ/WRITE USER DATA at ADD/EDIT DATA> set mo sa ASK
EVERYTIME. Kung hacked ang phone, set to ALWAYS ALLOWED. Dapat gawin ito para mawala yung
annoying prompts everytime na nagcoconnect sa internet.

STEP 5

Buksan ang operamini na pinadownload ko at click OK. Mag YES lang sa magpapakitang prompts. Then
installing na yan. Kapag installed na, press menu > tools > settings > settings (ulit) > check the box sa tabi
ng mobile view then click save. And there you go, free internet more suited for mobile.