BAB III

RANCANGAN GAMBAR

3.1 Gambar Yang Dirancang

Fungsi roda gigi alah untuk menggerakkan komponen-komponen benda yang
bergerak atau berputar, untuk karena itu Penulis akan merancang gambar sebuah roda
gigi Z 22 (3D).

Gambar 3.1 Roda Gigi Z 22

3.2 Cara Merancang Gambar

Adapun cara merancang gambar roda gigi menggunakan Autocad adalah
sebagai berikut :
1. Buka Aplikasi AutoCAD dengan cara mengklik double shortcut icon
AutoCAD yang ada dilayar desktop.
2. Setelah tampil layar kosong AutoCAD, langkah pertama yang dilakukan
adalah mengklik atau mengetik command circle, tool ini berfungsi untuk
menmbuat lingkaran.
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3. Kemudian tekan mouse pada area AutoCAD kemudian ketik angka 40 untuk
memasukkan diameter lingkarang, lalu tekan enter. Pastikan ukuran gambar
yang dibuat sesuai dengan ukuran yang ada pada gambar 3.2, dengan
menggunakan CIRCLE pada command lalu tekan enter.
4. Pastikan ukuran gambar awal yang akan dibuat sudah benar.

Gambar 3.2 Gambar menggunakan circle Diameter 50.

5. Setelah ukuran gambar sesuai dengan gambar 3.2, selanjutnya menambahkan

CIRCLE berdiameter 45 seperti pada gambar dibawah berikut :

Gambar 3.3 Penambahan circle berdiameter 45.

6. Setelah itu, tambahkan lagi circle berdiameter 40, seperti gambar berikut :
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Gambar 3.4 tambahan circle diameter 40

7. Lalu tambahkan line pindahkan kursor ke lingkaran berdiameter 50 tepat

diposisi endpoint, lali klik dan pindahkan ke titik center diameter 50 dan
tekan klik pada mouse. Setelah itu copy garis tadi dan buat menjadi 4 garis
dengan jarak 1,5, 3, dan 4,5. Seperti pada gambar dibawah :

Gambar 3.5 line

8. Klik atau ketik di command ARC lalu enter dan pindahkan kursor kebagian
intersection line kedua, lalu klik dan pindahkan kursor pada line ketiga
intersection dan enter lagi, lalu pindahkan kursor pada posisi intersection line
ke empat dan klik lagi. Seperti pada gambar dibawah.
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Gambar 3.5 ARC 3-Point

9. Hapus 3 garis hasil dari copy mid line, dan miror garis ARC 3-Point. Seperti
pada gambar dibawah :

Gambar 3.6 mirror

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10. Lalu gunakan trims untuk memotong garis menjadi seperti gambar dibawah :

Gambar 3.7 Trims

11. Tambahkan circle pada line horizontal dan letakan kursor pada daerah mid
point lalu klik dan geser kursor ke area quadrant setelah itu tekan klik pada
mouse :

Gambar 3.8 Menambahkan lingkaran tengah

12. Setelah itu ubah view ke SW Isometric dan copy objek naikan keatas sesuai
sumbu Z, lalu berikan ukuran 30 :
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Gambar 3.9 copy object

13. Lalu gunakaan tool rotate untuk mengubah objek bagian atas supaya
mengahasilkan kemiringan pada roda gigi helix, dan gunakan loft untuk
membuat objek menjadi 3 dimensi pada bagian gear :

Gambar 3.10 Tampilan 3D roda gigi

14. Supaya gearnya menjadi banyak gunakan tool arraypolar, dan input angka 22
pada kolom items :
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Gambar 3.11 Objek 3 dimensi

15. Setelah menjadi 3 dimensi gunakan tombol extrude untuk mengisi diameter
bagian dalam, lalu pisahkan gear dengan explode dan pindahkan objek dengan
tool move yang bertujuan memindahkan objek sekaligus menghilangkan garis
bantu, seperti pada gambar dibawah ini :

Gambar 3.12 menghilangkan garis bantu

16. Selanjutnya ubah view ke bagian top dan tambahkan circle untuk membuat
lubang bagian dalam seperti pada gambar dibawah :
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Gambar 3.12 Helix gear 3 dimensi

17. Lalu liubangi bagian tengah gear yang berdiameter 10 menggunakan tool
subtract :

Gambar 3.13 helix gear

18 Selanjutnya berikan radius/lekukan dengan ukuran 2 pada bagian dalam dan 5
pada bagian luar :
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Gambar 3.14 helix gear 22

3.3 Hasil Command List
Adapun hasil command list pada pembuatan gambar Helix gear dengan
jumlah Z = 22 menggunakan AutoCAD.
Command:
Command: '_-view Enter an option
[?/Delete/Orthographic/Restore/Save/sEttings/Window]: _swiso
Command:
Command:
Command:
Command: *Cancel*
Command: *Cancel*
Command: _vscurrent
Enter an option
[2dwireframe/Wireframe/Hidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Shaded/shaded with
Edges/shades of Gray/SKetchy/X-ray/Other] <Realistic>: _2d Regenerating model.
Command:
Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 50
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Command: Regenerating model.

Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: 45
Command:
Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <45.0000>: 40
Command:
Command:
Command: _line
Specify first point:
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Specify next point or [Undo]: *Cancel*
Command:
Command:
Command: _copy
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: 1.5
Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: 3
Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: 4.5
Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
Command:
Command:
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Command: _arc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]:
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]:
Specify end point of arc:
Command: Specify opposite corner or [Fence/WPolygon/CPolygon]:
Command: _.erase 3 found
Command:
Command:
Command: _mirror
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify first point of mirror line:
Specify second point of mirror line:
Erase source objects? [Yes/No] <No>: N
Command:
Command:
Command: _trim
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects or <select all>: Specify opposite corner: 4 found
Select objects:
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: *Cancel*
Command:
Command: _.erase 1 found
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Command: JOIN
Select source object or multiple objects to join at once: Specify opposite corner: 2
found
Select objects to join: Specify opposite corner: 2 found (1 duplicate), 3 total
Select objects to join: 1 found, 4 total
Select objects to join:
4 objects converted to 1 polyline
Command:
Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40.0000>:
Command: Regenerating model.
Command:
Command:
Command: _copy
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 3 found
Select objects:
Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: 30
Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: Specify opposite corner or [Fence/WPolygon/CPolygon]:
Command:
Command:
Command: _rotate
Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
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3 found
Specify base point:
Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: Regenerating model.
Resuming ROTATE command.
Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>:
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: LOFT
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4, Closed profiles creation mode = Solid
Select cross sections in lofting order or [POint/Join multiple edges/MOde]: 1 found
Select cross sections in lofting order or [POint/Join multiple edges/MOde]: 1 found, 2
total
Select cross sections in lofting order or [POint/Join multiple edges/MOde]:
2 cross sections selected
Enter an option [Guides/Path/Cross sections only/Settings] <Cross sections only>: S
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: ARRAYPOLAR
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Type = Polar Associative = Yes
Specify center point of array or [Base point/Axis of rotation]:
Select grip to edit array or [ASsociative/Base point/Items/Angle between/Fill
angle/ROWs/Levels/ROTate items/eXit]<eXit>:
Select grip to edit array or [ASsociative/Base point/Items/Angle between/Fill
angle/ROWs/Levels/ROTate items/eXit]<eXit>:
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: EXT
EXTRUDE
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4, Closed profiles creation mode = Solid
Select objects to extrude or [MOde]: 1 found
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Select objects to extrude or [MOde]:

Specify height of extrusion or [Direction/Path/Taper angle/Expression]: 30
Command:
Command:
Command: _explode
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Command: Specify opposite corner or [Fence/WPolygon/CPolygon]:
Command: UNI
UNION
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 26 found
Select objects:
Command:
Command:
Command: _move
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>:
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>:
Command: Specify opposite corner or [Fence/WPolygon/CPolygon]:
Command: _.erase 3 found
Command: Regenerating model.
Command:
Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40.0000>: 10
Command:
Command:
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Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <10.0000>: 17
Command:
Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <17.0000>: 32
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: PRESSPULL
Select object or bounded area:
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:10
1 extrusion(s) created
Select object or bounded area:
Command:
Command: _.erase 1 found
Command: PRESSPULL
Select object or bounded area:
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:30
1 extrusion(s) created
Select object or bounded area:
Command:
Command:
Command:
Command:
Command: _copy 2 found
Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
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Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:

Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>:
Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: Regenerating model.
Command: PRESSPULL
Select object or bounded area:Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract from ..
Subtracting inner regions...
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:10
1 extrusion(s) created
Select object or bounded area: Regenerating model.
Resuming PRESSPULL command.
Select object or bounded area:
2 loops extracted.
2 Regions created.
1 loop extracted.
1 Region created.
Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract from ..
Subtracting inner regions...
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:
Specify extrusion height or [Multiple]:10
1 extrusion(s) created
Select object or bounded area:
Command: *Cancel*
Command: *Cancel*
Command: _vscurrent
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Enter an option
[2dwireframe/Wireframe/Hidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Shaded/shaded with
Edges/shades of Gray/SKetchy/X-ray/Other] <2dwireframe>: _r
Command: SUBTRACT
Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract from ..
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract ..
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects:
Command: '_-view Enter an option
[?/Delete/Orthographic/Restore/Save/sEttings/Window]: _swiso
Command:
Command:
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
Enter fillet radius or [Expression]: 2
Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]:
1 edge(s) selected for fillet.
Command:
Command:
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 2.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]: r
Specify fillet radius <2.0000>: 5
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]:
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]:
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Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]:

Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]:
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]:
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]:
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]: *Cancel*
Command:
Command:
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 5.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
Enter fillet radius or [Expression] <5.0000>:
Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]:
1 edge(s) selected for fillet.
Command: '_-view Enter an option
[?/Delete/Orthographic/Restore/Save/sEttings/Window]: _bottom
Command:
Command:
Command:
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 5.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
Enter fillet radius or [Expression] <5.0000>:
Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]:
1 edge(s) selected for fillet.
Command:
Command:
Command:
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 5.0000
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Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:

Enter fillet radius or [Expression] <5.0000>: 2
Select an edge or [Chain/Loop/Radius]:
1 edge(s) selected for fillet.
Command: '_-view Enter an option
[?/Delete/Orthographic/Restore/Save/sEttings/Window]: _top
Command: '_-view Enter an option
[?/Delete/Orthographic/Restore/Save/sEttings/Window]: _swiso
Command: LINE
Command:
Command: _ai_selall Selecting objects...done.
Command: Specify opposite corner or [Fence/WPolygon/CPolygon]: *Cancel*
Automatic save to C:\Users\HP\appdata\local\temp\Drawing1_1_1_3114.sv$ ...
Command:
Command: *Cancel*