EKT 241: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

SEM 2 2010/2011

ANSWER FOR TUTORIAL 1: VECTOR ANALYSIS

1. At point P   3,4,5 , express the vector that extends from P to Q 2,0,1 in:
(a) Cartesian coordinates.
(b) Cylindrical coordinates
(c) Spherical coordinates
(d) Show that each of these vectors has the same magnitude

Solution:

(a) Cartesian coordinates:

R PQ  Q  P  xˆ 5  yˆ 4  zˆ 6 ,

then R PQ  25  16  36  8.8

(b) Cylindrical coordinates:

at P, r  5,   tan 1 4   3  53.1 , 0
and z  5

Now,

R PQ  R PQ  r̂   xˆ 5  yˆ 4  zˆ 6   r̂  5 cos   4 sin   6.20

r

R PQ 
 R PQ  ˆ   x ˆ 4  zˆ 6   ˆ  5 sin   4 cos   1.60
ˆ5  y

Thus,

R PQ  rˆ6.20  ˆ1.60  zˆ 6

and R PQ  6.20 2  1.60 2  6 2  8.8

(c) Spherical coordinates:

 R  9  16  25  7.07,  cos 1 ( 5 )  450 ,
7.07
at P,
  tan ( 4 1
)  53.1 0
3

R PQ  R PQ  R̂   xˆ 5  yˆ 4  zˆ 6  R̂
R

 5 sin  cos   4 sin  sin   6 cos   0.14

R PQ  R PQ  ˆ   xˆ 5  yˆ 4  zˆ 6   ˆ R PQ  R PQ  ˆ   xˆ 5  yˆ 4  zˆ 6   ˆ
 

 5 cos cos   4 cos sin   ( 6) sin   8.62  5 sin   4 cos   1.60

Thus, R PQ  Rˆ 0.14  ˆ8.62  ˆ1.60

And R PQ  0.14 2  8.62 2  1.60 2  8.8

(d) Each does, as shown above.

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2. Find the gradient of each following:

2 
(a) V2  V0 e sin 3 in cylindrical coordinates.

(b) V3  V0 (a ) cos 2 in spherical coordinates.

r
Solution

a. In cylindrical coordinates;
  1   
V2   rˆ  ˆ  zˆ V0 e  2 r sin 3
    z 

 rˆ 2V0 e 2 r
sin 3  ˆ
3V0 e 2 r
cos 3 
r

 3 cos 3 
 V0 e  2 r   rˆ 2 sin 3  ˆ 
 r

b. In spherical coordinates;
   1  1   a
V3   Rˆ  ˆ  ˆ V0   cos 2
 R R  R sin     R 

ˆ V0 a cos 2  θˆ 2V0 a sin 2

 R
R2 R2


V0 a ˆ
R2

R cos 2  θˆ 2 sin 2 
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3. Given A   cos a    sin a   3 za z , find   A at (2,0,3) in cylindrical coordinates.

Solution

Solution:

Change the notation of  into r.

A  r cos a r  r sin a  3 za z

1  1 A Az
A rAr  
r r r  z


1  2
r r

r cos  
1 
r 
 r sin     3z
z
 2 cos   cos   3

Therefore,

  A  2, 0 ,3   2  1  3  6

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4. Evaluate the line integral of E  x ˆx  y ˆ y along the segment P1 to P2 of the circular path
shown in the Figure 1.
 Figure 1

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5. Transform the vector A  3aˆ x  2aˆ y  aˆ z into spherical vector and evaluate it at the point
P1  (2,  1, 1) .
 Solution

For the vector A  3a x  2a y  a z ,

Ax  3 , Ay  2 , Az  1

AR  Ax sin  cos   Ay sin  sin   Az cos

 3 sin  cos   2 sin  sin   cos 

A  Ax cos  cos   Ay cos  sin   Az sin 

 3 cos  cos   2 cos  sin   sin 

A   Ax sin   Ay cos 

 3 sin   2 cos 

Hence, the vector A in spherical coordinates:

A  (3 sin  cos   2 sin  sin   cos  )a R

 (3 cos cos   2 cos  sin   sin  )a θ  (3 sin   2 cos  )a φ

Point P1 in spherical coordinates:

R x2  y2  z2

 2 2  ( 1) 2  12

 6

x2  y2

z

 2 2  ( 1) 2 
 tan 1   65.9
 1 
 
  y  1
  tan 1    tan  1   26.6
x  2 

Hence, at point P1;

A  3.67a R  0.59aθ  0.45aφ

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6. Find at (3, π/6, 0) in spherical coordinates for the vector field

Solution

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7. A section of a sphere is described by 0  R  2, 0    90, and 30    90. Find:

(a) the surface area of the spherical section.
(b) the enclosed volume

8. ˆ 3R 2 , evaluate both sides of the divergence theorem for the

For the vector field D  R
region enclosed between the spherical shells defined by R=1 and R=2.

Solution
  D  dS
S

  D  dS
S  outer
  D  dS
S inner
2  2 
   Rˆ 3R  R sin ddRˆ    Rˆ 3R ˆ)
 R 2 sin dd (  R
2 2 2
r 1
0 0 r 2 0 0
2  2 
 3(2 4 )   sin dd  3(1 )  sin dd
4

0 0 0 0

 48  cos     3  cos  0   0

 2  2
0 0

 192  12
 180

For the right hand side of the divergence theorem,

1 
D 
R 2 R
R 2 AR 
1 
 ( R 2 (3R 2 ))
R R
2

1 
 2 (3R 4 ))
R R
1
 2 (12 R 3 )
R
 12 R

Thus, the right hand side of the divergence theorem,

    Ddv
v
2  2
   
R 1 0 0
12 R ( R 2 sin ddRd )
2  2
 12  R dR  sin d  d
3

R 1  0  0
2
 R4 
  - cos  0   02

 12 
 4 1
 45( 2)(2 )
 180

Thus, left hand side of divergence theorem = right hand side. Hence, divergence
theorem has been verified.
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9. For the vector field, E  rˆ10e  r  zˆ 3 z , verify the divergence theorem for the cylindrical
region enclosed by r =2, z =0 and z = 4.

10. ˆ   rˆr cos   φ

Verify Stokes’s theorem for the vector field B ˆ sin   by evaluating:
(a)  B  dl over the semicircular contour shown in Figure 2, and
C

(b)     B   dS over the surface of the semicircle.

S
Figure 2