Geomagnetic Field Effects in Anomalous Dreams and the Akashic Field*

Stanley Krippner**

The Akashic Records have been written about over the millennia and were the topic of oral
mythology even earlier. In ancient India, the Sanskrit word "akashic" or "cosmic sky" resembled the
contemporary concept of "space." But the term referred not only to intergalactic space but also to space
(and time) in the loftier dimensions of life, the source from which creation flowed, the divine domain.
Therefore, this ancient term signified a space-time continuum that is all pervasive.
Robert Cheney, in his 1996 book, Akashic Records, suggested that "Perhaps the vibrational
threads of a single life…permeates the entire universe, interacting with other vibrational energies…. Just
as the words and music of a song are preserved on audiotape, or a compact disc, so is the story of your
life saved in the Akashic Records" (p. 6). In the Old Testament, the prophet Joshua takes a stone and
proclaims "Behold, this stone shall be a witness to us, for it has heard all the words of the Lord that he
spoke unto us." The book of Daniel cites the Archangel Michael as saying that all people will be delivered
if their names "shall be found written in the book." The book of Malachi speaks of a "book of
remembrance," and St. Paul's Second Epistle to the Corinthians describes a book "written not with ink,
but with the Spirit of the living God." Hence, the notion of a "universal record" is not limited to Hindu
traditions. In addition, the Islamic Holy Koran refers to such a "universal record" in terms that Cheney
suggests are reminiscent of modern computer files.
Cheney suggests that the Akashic Records "are the imprint of the Self on the eternal, universal,
electromagnetic atmosphere of primary substance" and that this "substance is everywhere" (p. 9). He
continues to conjecture that each single event is entered in its own "electromagnetic field" (p. 11). These
concepts are similar to those discussed in parapsychology, the scientific study of anomalous interactions.
Parapsychology is the scientific study of anomalous interactions. These interactions may be
between organisms and their environment or between organisms and other organisms. They are
anomalous because they seem to disregard mainstream science's notions of time, space, and energy.
Parapsychology is sometimes called "psychical research”, or "psi research”. The word "psi" refers to the
anomalous interactions studied by parapsychologists. Examples of these interactions are reports of
telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis; life after death and past-life experiences are
added to the list by some investigators. Each example may be part of "cosmic information field" discussed
by Ervin Laszlo (2004), who like Cheney, calls it the "Akashic field in homage to the ancient Sanskrit term
signifying a space-time continuum that is all-pervasive.
Each of these reports can be studied in several ways. Parapsychologists use questionnaires,
interviews, and field observations. In each of these cases, there is a possibility that conventional scientific
explanations can account for the report. Some of these explanations are subtle sensory or motor activity,
misinterpretation, poor memory for an event, and deliberate fraud. If an investigation systematically

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eliminates conventional scientific explanations, that research is performed under psi task conditions.
Phenomena obtained under psi task conditions can be regarded as "anomalous" because they
appear to transcend the constraints of time, space, or energy. Over the past century, considerable
research has been conducted in an attempt to understand psi phenomena and to determine whether they
are worthy of continued attention and investigation. The understanding of the conditions under which psi
phenomena occur would accelerate acceptance of these phenomena as legitimate areas of investigation
by mainstream science.

Complex Systems and Field Effects in Psi Phenomena

Dreams are a series of images that occur during sleep; if recalled, they are typically reported by
the dreamer in narrative form. The night's first period of dreaming generally begins 90 minutes after a
person falls asleep. The neurons at the base of the skull start to fire a random barrage of high voltage
impulses, unleashing a cascade of potent chemicals that pour into the forebrain. The visual and motor
centers are stimulated, triggering memories that are presented and combined in original, vivid, and often
baffling ways. Immediately, the brain's mind creates a story that will make sense of these fragments,
either providing a pre-existing script which serves as a template for the images, or producing a narrative
on the spot that matches -- as best it can -- the stored memories that have been evoked (Kahn,

Combs, & Krippner, 2002).

Sometimes these stories reflect basic problems in living with which the dreamer has wrestled for
years. At other times they reflect the events of the past few days or hours, some of them trivial, some of
them consequential. And in other instances, as far as we know, the mind’s search for meaning produces
little more than a jumble of disparate pictures and events. This process of tale telling and story making is
remarkably similar to what transpires when language is used while a person is awake. Dreams can be
thought of as a language of the night, a language that emphasizes feelings, persons, objects, and
settings. The mental and emotional processes involved in dreamtime are similar in many ways to the
thoughts and feelings experienced during wakefulness. People who were asked to make up a dream
while they were awake produced accounts that judges could not discriminate from written reports of their
night time dreams.
When someone records a dream, he or she writes a report that typically connects a series of
action-oriented images that are usually visual but may include other sensory modalities as well. Many
investigators believe that these reports can help people to understand their behavior, experiences, and
intentions. Some psychotherapists are convinced that their clients will benefit from an understanding of
their dreams because, on reflection, dream activities appear to be metaphors for the dreamer’s waking
concerns; furthermore, they believe it is often helpful to find a metaphorical image or activity for a client's
problem. Some writers, artists, and other creative people have made deliberate use of dream narratives
and images in their work. An even larger number of individuals have claimed that scientific, technological,

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athletic, or artistic breakthroughs resulted from dreams that were serendipitously recalled. Some dreams
are "anomalous" because they appear to bypass the ordinary constraints of time and space. Examples
would be purported telepathic, clairvoyant, and precognitive dreams that appear to incorporate another
person's thoughts, activities occurring at a distance, or events that later occur and appear to match the
dream content (Krippner, Bogzaran, & de Carvalho, 2002).
For ten years, I conducted research on the problem of anomalous dreams at Maimonides Medical
Center in New York City. With Montague Ullman, Charles Honorton, and other colleagues, I published
dozens of articles on this research in scientific journals. Our team used volunteer dreamers who spent
one or more nights in a sleep laboratory. They were awakened whenever their brain waves and eye
movements indicated that they were dreaming. In some experiments they attempted to dream about a
picture postcard that would be randomly selected the next day. In other experiments, they tried to dream
about a picture that had been chosen randomly once they went to bed and that was being focused upon
by an experimenter in a distant room. In other experiments, they tried to dream about a picture that had
been chosen randomly but kept in a sealed envelope during the night. In this way, we studied
precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance in dreams under tightly controlled conditions.
One night a reproduction of a painting from India was selected as the target picture for the
experiment. It is named "Man with Arrows and Companions”, and portrays three men sitting out of doors
near a rope coiled around a stake. The dreamer for that night had many dream reports that appeared to
match the target picture. One dream report stated, "There were three men. They looked very tough. A
setting that's rural”. In another dream report, the dreamer spoke of "a group of men with cowboy suits and
cowboy hats. Rope imagery appears in a very prominent way” (Ullman & Krippner, with Vaughan, 1973,
p. 152).
A team of judges attempted to match dreams and target pictures without knowing the actual
order. In the case of this experimental session, all three judges correctly matched the target picture and
the dream reports (Ullman & Krippner, with Vaughan, 1989). Research participants also did their own
matching before the correct picture was identified. Most of our research studies produced statistically
significant results (Ullman & Krippner, with Vaughan, 2002).
I had met Ludwig von Bertalanfy (1968) as a graduate student at Northwestern University and
had maintained my interest in his theory of general systems. A system may be described as any pattern
of elements in mutual interaction. The boundaries of a system depend on the activity under consideration.
It was apparent to me that psi is a complex system with very wide boundaries. I speculated on the
conditions that would increase the appearance of psi in our experiments, especially environmental field
effects. A "field" is a matrix, or region of influence, that connects two or more points in space or time,
usually by means of a force or energy, that is, something capable of manifesting a discernible change
(McTaggart, 2002). A field is presumed to exist in physical reality; it usually cannot be observed directly
but is inferred through its observable effects.
The appearance of psi in dreams suggested that there were psychological conditions that favor

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its appearance. These conditions included altered states of consciousness, the relationship between the
dreamer and the researcher, and the nature of the target picture used for the experiment. Various aspects
of a research participant's personality also seem to be important, and have been intensively studied over
the years (e.g., Palmer, 1994). However, environmental conditions such as physical fields that could
influence psi phenomena had been virtually ignored.
In 1970, our research team gathered data on three of these possibilities. They were the lunar
cycle, sunspot activity, and changes in the geomagnetic field (Krippner, 1975, p.127). Our research team
found a relationship between all three of these factors and psi in dreams. The only one that reached
statistical significance was our matching of phases of the moon. We found that psi seemed to operate
better on nights of the full moon (Krippner, Becker, Cavallo, & Washburn, 1972).
A few years later I met Michael Persinger, a Canadian neuroscientist. He was conducting
research with geomagnetic fields and psi that was far more sophisticated than my earlier efforts. I invited
him to write an article about his work and published it in a journal I was editing (Persinger, 1975).
Persinger told me that the geomagnetic field has several components. The main component is created by
the Earth itself, as if a huge bar magnet were running through the core of the Earth. Regular daily and
monthly variations occur. These variations are due to several factors. Weather affects the daily or diurnal
variations. Lunar changes affect the monthly variations. Major variations occur due to sunspot activity, as
well. Changes in the geomagnetic field can be sudden and unpredictable. The best known example of
charged particles from the sun interacting with the Earth's magnetic field is the aurora borealis, often
called the "Northern Lights" (Tart, 1988).
Persinger conducted an analysis of spontaneous cases of telepathy and clairvoyance. He found
that these noted experiences were more likely to occur when the global geomagnetic activity was
significantly quieter than the days before or the days after the experience. A day of low amplitude with
slow, predictable variations is referred to as a quiet magnetic day. These were the days that were
associated with reports of telepathy and clairvoyance (Persinger, 1985). About the same time, Marcia
Adams (1986) studied the relationship between quiet magnetic days with success in remote viewing
experiments, finding a positive connection.
A day of sudden and large amplitude changes is referred to as a magnetically stormy day.
Persinger reported a tendency for reports of poltergeist and haunting experiences to occur on these days
(Persinger, 1989). Psychokinesis, anomalous effects on distant objects or activity, has been studied in the
laboratory under psi task conditions. An analysis of some of these experiments has indicated a tendency
for them to occur most frequently on magnetically stormy days (Braud & Dennis, 1989).

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 Possible Geomagnetic Associations with Telepathy and Clairvoyance

Our work at Maimonides Medical Center provided experimental support for the occurrence of psi
in dreams. I told Persinger of my speculation that environmental factors were associated with this
phenomenon. As a result of our discussion, Persinger suggested two hypotheses:
1. Nights on which psi was strong would also be nights that displayed the quietest geomagnetic
activity compared to the days before and after.
2. Nights on which psi was weak or absent would not demonstrate this effect.
Persinger and I tested these hypotheses in two ways. First, we examined the initial night that
each of sixty-two research participants in telepathic and clairvoyance dream experiments spent at our
laboratory. For our analysis, we used the results of the matchings made by the research participants
themselves. We classified the matches as "High Hits”, "Low Hits”, "High Misses”, and "Low Misses”.
Geomagnetic measures for the northern hemisphere were determined for each night in the study. There
were too few "Misses" to yield data adequate for analysis. However, a significant difference was observed
between "High Hits" and "Low Hits”. "High Hits" were more likely to occur on quiet magnetic days when
there were few electrical storms and sunspots (Persinger & Krippner, 1989).
Second, we tested these hypotheses with the matches made by a single research participant
named William Erwin. Dr. Erwin was a psychoanalyst who had spent twenty separate, nonconsecutive
nights at our laboratory. We assumed that using matches from a single subject would increase the
detection of a geomagnetic effect. It would eliminate individual differences, and these were the largest
source of variance in these studies.
The typical procedure followed by Erwin was for him to arrive at the laboratory in time to interact
with the "transmitter”. The transmitter was the person who would spend much of the night looking at the
picture target. This picture was randomly selected after Erwin had gone to bed. The transmitter was
isolated from Erwin. He spent the night in a distant room. After electrodes were attached to Erwin's head,
he parted company with the transmitter and entered a soundproof room.
Two experimenters took turns watching Erwin's brain waves and eye movements on an EEG
machine. Near the end of each period of rapid eye movement sleep, Erwin was awakened. He was asked
to describe the dream content that he remembered. His remarks were tape recorded. So was a morning
interview in which he gave associations to his dream report. Neither Erwin nor the experimenters knew
the identity of the target picture.
The tape-recorded remarks were typed and sent to three judges. Erwin also matched his own
dreams to the target pictures when the experiment ended. Ten of the nights were "High Hits" while the
remaining ten fell outside of this range. One of the "High Hits" was obtained when the target picture was
"School of the Dance" by the French painter Degas. The painting portrays several girls in white ballet
costumes in a dance studio. Erwin had one dream about "being in a class. The instructor was young. She

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was attractive”. A later dream report noted, "There was one little girl who was trying to dance with me"
(Ullman & Krippner, 1969).
During the time period when Erwin was asleep, there was a significant positive correlation
between geomagnetic activity and his scores. The strongest correlations between the score and the
geomagnetic activity occurred during the time when most of the dream reports were collected, that is,
during the latter part of the night (Krippner & Persinger, 1996).

Possible Geomagnetic Associations with Precognition

Telepathy and clairvoyance are examples of psi that involve minimal time displacement between
the event and the experience. However, precognition is an example of psi that involves significant time
displacement between the experience and the event. Some research studies in precognition show little or
no geomagnetic effect.
Alan Vaughan was one of the "sensitives" who obtained many "High Hits" in our dream studies.
Dr. Vaughan had been recording his dreams since 1968 when he participated in a study focusing on
precognition. He recorded those dreams that contained what he considered a detailed, literal
correspondence to a future event. Most of these contained three or more exact details about the future
event.
Vaughan sent the physicist James Spottiswoode the dates of sixty-one of his own dreams that he
thought were precognitive. Spottiswoode compared the geomagnetic activity of the nights of these
dreams with that of ten days before and ten days after. There was significantly less geomagnetic activity
on the nights of the precognitive dreams than ten days before and ten days after.
As in several earlier geomagnetic studies of self-reported precognitive dreams, such as those
sent in by magazine readers and published with the date of the dream, Vaughan's dreams were not
collected under psi task conditions. As a result, they are only suggestive of an association with
geomagnetic activity. However, the association is strong enough to justify further research under better
conditions.
One of these dreams took place when Vaughan was living in Germany. He described the dream
to me in a letter, which I received on June fourth, 1968. The dream contained many frightening episodes
involving the murder of Robert Kennedy. At that time, Kennedy was trying to obtain a nomination for the
presidency of the United States. On June sixth, Mr. Kennedy was assassinated (Ullman, Krippner, &
Vaughan, 1989, p.145).

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 Psi Phenomena and Complex Field Effects

My perspective on psi phenomena is that they may not be understandable using standard linear,
reductionistic research methods. Psi research may require more holistic approaches that lend themselves
to describing psi as a complex system. Once this has been done, it may be possible to describe psi in
terms of specific mechanisms. In other words, psi may reflect the operations of an interactive, nonlinear,
dynamic system. If so, chaos and complexity theories as well as systems methodologies are needed to
study psi phenomena (e.g., Combs & Krippner, 2003).
It is likely that geomagnetic activity is only one of several factors in a complex field effect that
favors the occurrence of psi phenomena. Some other factors might include humidity, temperature,
barometric pressure, wind speed, and ozone levels. Perhaps this field can be enhanced or disrupted by
environmental conditions (Laszlo, 1993, 1995). Furthermore, the field may operate differently for
psychokinesis than it does for other psi phenomena. Two Brazilian investigators, Hernani Andrade (1967)
and Carlos Tinoco (1982) also have written about field effects and parapsychology. In both instances,
their models could be used to develop experimental programs.
It would be premature to state that the importance of the geomagnetic field has been conclusively
demonstrated. There are dozens of research studies on this topic in the literature, and most of them show
an association between geomagnetic activity and psi. However, the research methodology varies from
study to study. There are two types of geomagnetic measures; the first is used in some studies while the
second is used in other studies. Some studies use correlations to measure the geomagnetic effect but
others use comparisons between two groups.
In the meantime, an analysis of nearly three thousand experimental sessions has been reported
by James Spottiswoode and Edwin May (1997; Spottiswoode, 1997). Dr. Spottiswoode and Dr. May
found statistically significant correlations between tri-hourly geomagnetic activity and accuracy on
telepathy and clairvoyance tests. They referred to these tests as measures of "anomalous cognition”. Dr.
Spottiswoode and Dr. May reported that the significant results were most evident when "anomalous
cognition" was clearly present, as determined by tests conducted under psi task conditions. In other
words, if there was no evidence of "anomalous cognition”, there were no significant correlations between
the intensity of the geomagnetic activity and the magnitude of psi. In addition, they found that their
statistical results were stronger if they took the local sidereal time into account.
Could the geomagnetic effect help explain the mechanisms behind psi phenomena? Perhaps
geomagnetic fields can carry psi information and influence it in some unusual manner. Perhaps
geomagnetic activity can produce subtle changes in the brain that enable it to obtain information or exert
influence in unusual manners. Perhaps geomagnetic activity helps consciousness produce an effect on
matter through quantum processes. The domain of dreams is an ideal place to investigate these possible
effects because they contain images that are not articulated or expressed during waking life. This domain

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represents a substrate of consciousness from which concepts emerge, a quantum world in which there is
no distinction between what contemporary writers term the "mental" and the "physical," between "mind"
and "matter." Field effects in psi research may reflect the ability of consciousness to organize itself
coherently (McTaggart, 2002, p. 121). Lynne McTaggart (2002) synthesizes ideas of several theoreticians
on this topic, proposing that consciousness may result from "a rippling cascade of subatomic coherence --
when individual quantum particles…lose their individuality and start acting as a single unit, like an army
calling each soldier into line" (p. 120).

Psi Phenomena and the Akashic Field

Laszlo's (2004) concept of an Akashic field (or "A-field") provides a depth to this discussion that is
both original and productive. In his applications of the A-field to consciousness research, he observes,
"The connections that link 'my' consciousness to the consciousness of others…are rediscovered today in
controlled experiments with thought and image transference" (p. 39). Traditional peoples and indigenous
tribes see nothing unusual about the distant transference of impressions and images, even thought the
sophisticated Westerners who study them dismiss this belief as "magical thinking," "sympathetic magic,"
and "irrational superstition." Taking exception to this dismissal of the phenomena, Laszlo suggests that
one person's consciousness may be linked with other "consciousnesses" through an interconnecting A-
field, "much as galaxies are linked in the cosmos, quanta in the microworld, and organisms in the world of
the living" (p. 44).
Many Eastern traditions considered Akasha to be a light carrying "ether," and many Western
physicists and cosmologists entertained the "ether" hypothesis until it was laid to rest by the Michelson-
Morley experiments and similar refutations. However, as Laszlo (2004, pp. 47-51) points out, the cosmic
vacuum is far from empty space. It might not be filled with "ether," but may be thought of as the medium
that carries the "zero-point field," a field marked by an absolute zero of temperature in which energies
appear to be present even when all known forms of energy vanish. Several contemporary "grand unified
theories" conceptualize the zero-point field as a "unified vacuum" that is the root of all nature's fields and
forces. Besides being an "energy sea," this vacuum transports light, pressure, and sound. Besides being
a sea of energy, could it also be a sea of information, serving as a holographic information mechanism?
Laszlo hypothesizes that this vacuum "generates the holographic field that is the memory of the
universe" (p. 55). He infers that this holographic field is more easily accessible, at least to Westerners, in
altered states of consciousness (p. 99). Unfortunately, altered states and purported psi experiences are
often pathologized by Western cultures, even by mental health professionals. Laszlo cites my co-edited
book Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence (Lynn, Krippner, & Cardena,
2000) as having a positive corrective impact (p. 103). Published by the American Psychological
Association, the chapters in this volume assessed synesthesia, hallucinations, lucid dreaming, out-of-
body experiences, near-death experiences, alien-abduction experiences, past-life experiences,

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anomalous healing experiences, and mystical experiences, as well as psi-related experiences. We
concluded that these reports, in most cases, could not be dismissed as signs of psychopathology and that
they are more widespread than had been assumed. In addition, they often have a positive effect upon
those who report the experience, even if there are no definitive explanations for them.
Laszlo (2004) admits that "exploring the workings of the A-field is not a simple matter" (p. 106).
However, if the A-field conveys information it makes sense that this information is "isomorphic," conveying
images and impressions that are direct and intense (p. 107). For this reason, our experiments in
anomalous dreaming utilized target pictures that were likely to evoke emotion and capture the dreamer's
interest. According to Laszlo, A-field information is carried by vacuum wave-interference patterns that are
equivalent to a hologram, and in a hologram every element meshes with isomorphic elements (p. 107).
The dreamer whose reports matched many elements of the Indian painting, "Man with Arrows and
Companions”, placed the action among the three "tough" cowboys in the Western United States rather
than in India. The dreamer whose reports matched the Degas painting appeared to sexualize the
images, dreaming of an attractive, young dance instructor as well as one "girl who was trying to dance
with me." These are only two examples of isomorphism at work in our experiments; the basic form was
the same, but dreamers' personality characteristics and cultural background influenced the details.
Because holograms reflect what Laszlo (2004) describes as a "welter" of wave patterns and a
phenomenon similar to "resonance" (p. 107), it makes sense that anything that disturbs these waves
would reduce isomorphism and lead to lower scores when telepathy, clairvoyance, or precognition is
evaluated. In our experiments, we discovered that geomagnetic fluctuations were associated with the
"hits" and "misses" at statistically significant levels. As a result the possible contribution of geomagnetic
field data to psi phenomena makes it imperative that researchers carefully record the date and hour of
their experiments. Without this information, it is impossible to make the greatest possible use of
experimental data. In a field where financial resources are meager, it is essential to utilize as completely
as possible those data that are obtained under psi task conditions.
If I am correct that psi is a complex system, the psychological, sociological, physiological, and
environmental aspects of this system all deserve intense and sustained investigation. If Laszlo is correct
in his descriptions of the A-field, psi research has a useful explanatory model that can be used to design
new experiments and to assist in the explanation of earlier investigations. In any event, our modest work
with anomalous dreams is one of many strands of evidence supporting the existence of the A-field, a
fabric that connects all humanity, all living organisms, and all the elements of our universe. If we take the
A-field to heart, we will arrive at a more profound understanding of the folly of war, the foolishness of
ecological destruction, and the fabrication that the elements of our cosmos are detached, disconnected,
and disengaged. These links may be subtle and not immediately evident; however, reflection,
contemplation, and observation will confirm the worldview of indigenous people that there is a web that
envelops us all, and that we disregard it at our peril.

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*Preparation of this paper was supported by the Chair for Consciousness Research, Saybrook Graduate
School and Research Center, San Francisco, California.

**Alan Watts Professor of Psychology, Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center, San Francisco,
California.

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