Impact on the Capacity and Performance

with the Implementation of a Second

Carrier in 3G Network

Ting-Huei Lin, Ph.D.

Email: linth@cht.com.tw

Senior Engineer
Mobile Business Group, Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
Contents
CHT Mobile Network Status

HSDPA Planning Strategy

Key Impacts of HSDPA

Conclusions

2/20
Mobile Market in Taiwan
System cdma
GSM WCDMA HSPA PHS WiMax
Operator 2000 Taiwan population
FDD:2x15M
CHT V
TDD: 5M
V - - -
FDD:2x15M
TWN V
TDD: 5M
V - - -
FDD:2x15M
FET V
TDD: 5M
V - - v
FDD:2x10M
VIBO - TDD: 5M
V - - -
APBW - - - 2x20M - -
FITEL - - - - v -
…+5 - - - - - v

Highly competitive mobile market

Many systems and operators within 36,000 km2

Penetration rate is more than 100%.
GSM/WCDMA is the dominant system.
All WCDMA systems had launched HSDPA service.
3/20
Chunghwa Telecom Mobile
CHT- the largest integrated telecom operator in Taiwan

Fixed, mobile, Internet, satellite, …
The largest mobile operator in Taiwan

Subscribers > 9.2 millions

Mobile market shares 34%
GSM900/1800 & WCDMA/HSPA network
Subscribers (millin)

Source: NCC
4/20
CHT 3G Migration

CHT9000 CHT9100 iPhone

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+

As the leading 3G operator in Taiwan, CHT aggressively

migrates 3G network to provide the best service to our
customers.
Following network migration, CHT simultaneously
promotes new devices, such as CHT9000, Diamond,
iPhone…, etc.

5/20
3G Traffic Growth
3G traffic and network load increase quickly

Most of increasing 3G traffic is PS data

Traffic of high speed data increases ~ 30% per quarter
PS flat rate and smart phone induces heavy data traffic

Under keen market competition, all 3G operators in Taiwan
provide PS flat rate service
HSPA increases network capacity and traffic loading

6/20
Mobile Coverage Solutions
EDGE GSM/GPRS EDGE
3G/HSPA 3G/HSPA

repeater
WiFi repeater
WiFi repeater WiFi
WiFi

Urban Rural Suburban Urban

GSM/GPRS offers wide-area seamless coverage
3G/HSPA offers broadband coverage
EDGE compensates 3G broadband coverage hole
Repeater extends coverage range
Home/ public WiFi provides broadband access for
indoor/hotspot

7/20
Carrier Allocation for CHT 3G
Scenario Application Status
Single Carrier •Special enterprise area
•For voice and SMS only ~0.5 %
F1(R99) area
Single Carrier
•Rural and low traffic area
28 %
F1(R99+HSDPA) •For coverage

Two Carriers •Urban and sub-urban area

F1(R99)
•For performance and 71 %
F2(HSPA) capacity
Two Carriers
•High traffic hot spot
F1(R99+HSPA)+
~0.5%
•For capacity
F2(HSPA)
Three Carriers •Extra high traffic hot spot
F1(R99)+
F2(HSPA)+
•For capacity <0.1%
F3(R99+HSPA)

8/20
Key Impacts of HSDPA

Ec/No

Code

Mobility

Source: Tommi Heikkilä

9/20
 HW and SW Impact
More HSDPA carriers enabled, more hardware resources
demanded

Enabling HSDPA must occupy a large block of CEs

More amplifier power and RF device allocated for multi-carriers,
Must upgrade many new SW features

Some functions are cost by traffic capacity
Following HSPA performance migration, investment to
HW and SW upgrade will be increasing accordingly.

me
olu

st
i gration

co
W m

cv
HW+S

rk
n

i
io e

aff

o
s

tw
an e fe

Tr
Cost

Ne
ex ens
HW li
SW
c & Revenue

capacity Time

10/20
HSDPA Power Allocation
HSDPA power can be set to Fixed power Dynamic power

be fixed or dynamic power

allocation.
HSDPA power setting
depends on coverage and
traffic strategy.

High power -> high throughput
and coverage

Priority to HSDPA traffic or to

Throughput
R99 DCH traffic.
Dedicated 2nd carrier can
allocate more power to
HSDPA.
-3 -6 -9 -12 -15
Ec/No

11/20
Ec/No Impact
Enabling HSDPA will increase average Node B power
and degrade Ec/No.
To achieve good performance, all RRM functions
referred to Ec/No need to be optimized.
0
1-cell
2-cell_X
-3
3-cell_X
HSDPA En
Throughput HS able
-6 DP

Ec/No (dB)
A

No-dominant
cell area
-9

-12
Ec/No

-15
4 8 12 16 20
Ptx_total (W)

12/20
Iub Transport
Double HSDPA speed
capability, only increase ~20%

20~40% average ~40%

throughput.
HSDPA demand more
transport bandwidth.
Traditional E1 is not the
economic and efficient Source: Harri Holma

transport for HSDPA

traffic.
HSDPA
traffic

13/20
CHT Mobile Backhaul Strategy
Initial solution: increase E1
to support HSDPA traffic E1 TDM E1

Now mainly for low peak-rate

site (< HSDPA 3.6M)
Today solution: E1+Ethernet
hybrid backhaul E1
TDM E1
STM-1

E1 for CS traffic, signaling and MR
GE
synchronization
Ethernet NG SDH

10/20/30M NG-SDH for PS
Next step: all-IP transport

Need new version Node B or
extra-interface module
Ethernet PTN or NG SDH GE

Need synchronization source

14/20
Code Resource
Code resource will be insufficient for high rate HSDPA

Common channels and R99 traffic, as well as HSDPA, need to
occupy code resource.

Code congestion rate will increase after enable high rate HSDPA
HSDPA for shared carrier is often down-rated by code
congestion.
Dedicated carrier can provide more codes for HSDPA

Codes for DCH,

HS-SCCH Codes for HS-DSCH

15/20
Mobility Parameters
Mobility parameters planning become more complex
after enabling HSDPA

Ec/No is suddenly degraded by activating HSDPA

R99 DCH is SHO, but HSDPA is HHO.

HSDPA link-budget is different from R99
Traffic distribution between multi-carrier has to be
adjusted by mobility parameters

Direct HSDPA UE to HSDPA carrier

Load balance for multi-carrier
Mobility parameters setting will be depended on carrier
scenario, network function and traffic strategy

16/20
Network Mobility Optimization
1st carrier for idle mode, CS and R99 PS

Setting cell reselection parameter to push all UE in idle mode to
1st carrier.
2nd carrier for HSDPA

HSDPA UE make PS call is re-directed to 2nd carrier
idle voice data

3G F2 (HSPA)

: R99 UE 3G F1 (DCH)

: R5/R6 UE
2G

17/20
Performance and Capacity
Activating 2nd carrier for HSDPA traffic can improve the
HSDPA throughput

Dedicated carrier provide more power and codes
Voice call performance is improved after removing
HSDPA loading in shared carrier

Less Ec/No degraded by loading

Shared to Dedicated Carrier Shared to Dedicated Carrier

18/20
Comparison for Shared and Dedicated Carrier
Shared Carrier Dedicated Carrier
Scheme

Advantage - Faster Deployment -Minimum Impact to existing R99

- Cost Efficient performance
- Simpler parameter planning -Better HSDPA performance

Dis- -Less capacity improvement -Additional HW & site re-

advantage -Code tree limitation commissioning required
-Impact exist Rel 99 performance -More complex parameter
(Ec/No degradation) planning

Recommen Less capacity critical area High capacity area

ded Area (rural area) (Dense Urban, Hot Spot, Indoor,

19/20
Conclusions
Enabling HSPA will enhance QoE of customers, but
increase CAPEX and OPEX.
Dedicated HSDPA carrier can get better network
performance, mainly for HSDPA throughput and R99
QoS.
Market competition and quickly increasing PS traffic
drive the demand for HSPA. The benefits for launching
HSPA still depend on marketing and sales’ strategy.

20/20