HASIL UJI CPT

STA 24+250 – STA 24+375 (ZONE 15)

RUAS TOL KAPAL BETUNG

- PT. GEOTEKINDO -
12 Januari 2018 - Rev 01
 HASIL PELAKSANAAN CONE PENETRATION TEST
STA 24+250 SAMPAI DENGAN STA 24+375
UNTUK PENENTUAN PERLAPISAN TANAH DAN PEMILIHAN
METODE PERBAIKAN

I. PENDAHULUAN

Data bor dan CPTu yang diberikan Pemberi Tugas kepada PT. Geotekindo pada
ruas jalan tol Kapal Betung seksi 1 berjarak 1000 m antar satu dengan yang lain.
Segmen yang ditinjau dalam laporan ini antara STA 24+250 dan STA 24+375.
Untuk memperoleh data antara 2 titik tersebut telah dilakukan sondir (Cone
Penetration Test, CPT) dengan jarak 50 m – 100 m diantara kedua titik tersebut.

II. DATA CONE PENETRATION TEST (Sondir, CPT)

Lampiran A berisi data CPT yang telah dilakukan pada STA 24+250 sampai dengan
STA 24+375. Sesuai dengan spesifikasi, tanah lunak yang perlu di perbaiki adalah
tanah lempung dengan nilai SPT antara 0 - 8 yang apabila dikonversi ke nilai
tahanan ujung (Cone Resistance, qc) adalah antara 0 - 0.8 MPa. Berdasarkan
acuan tersebut maka PVD yang dibutuhkan dapat ditetapkan.

Gambar : Variasi perbandingan qc vs N dengan Mean Grain Size

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Tabel berikut adalah resume dari CPT yang telah dilakukan dan dikombinasikan
dengan borlog serta CPTu yang diperoleh dari Pemberi Tugas. Sel kuning
menunjukkan tanah lempung (Clay) dengan nilai SPT ≤ 8 atau nilai qc ≤ 0.8 MPa yang
merupakan lapisan yang perlu diperbaiki. Panjang PVD ditentukan berdasarkan
kedalaman lapisan tersebut.

Tabel : Data CPT dengan data borlog serta CPTu pada STA 24+250 sampai dengan STA 24+375

Tabel ketebalan tanah lunak dan panjang PVD per STA berdasarkan data CPT

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III. SARAN TERKAIT METODE PERBAIKAN TANAH

Tabel berikut menunjukkan dasar-dasar pemilihan metode perbaikan tanah untuk

ruas tol Kapal Betung seksi 1 berdasarkan hasil diskusi sebelumnya.

Tabel : Dasar Pemilihan Metode Perbaikan Tanah

Dikarenakan kedalaman tanah lunak tidak terlalu dalam dan lapisan bawah adalah
pasir seperti yang dapat dilihat di lampiran A, aplikasi Soil Preloading memperoleh
beberapa keuntungan sebagai berikut :
1. Karena tebal lapisan lunak tidak terlalu dalam maka estimasi total settlement yang
terjadi tidak terlalu besar, sekitar 28 – 35cm.
2. Dikarenakan bagian bawah adalah pasir, apabila PVD dipasang sampai mencapai
lapisan tersebut, maka disipasi air pori dapat terjadi ke arah atas dan bawah.
Dengan demikian proses disipasi akan lebih mudah.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, kami merekomendasikan aplikasi Soil

Preloading di STA 24+250 sampai 24+375 tersebut. Dalam penggunaan metode
ini, baik tanah lunak maupun platform kerja yang terpasang akan mengalami
improvement akibat beban urugan yang diletakkan di atasnya. Untuk tebal urugan
dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah.

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IV. SARAN TERKAIT KETEBALAN TIMBUNAN PLATFORM KERJA

Dari data CPT dapat dilihat bahwa nilai tahanan konus, qc, pada bagian atas tanah
lunak berkisar antara 0.20 – 0.30 MPa dengan nilai rata-rata 0.25 MPa. Nilai qc
tersebut dapat dikorelasikan dengan nilai kuat geser tidak teralirkan (Undrained
Shear Strength, Su) dengan formula :

Su = qc/Nk
Untuk soft clay digunakan nilai Nk sebesar 20.

Dengan qc rata-rata 0.25 MPa atau 250 kPa, maka nilai Su rata-rata adalah :
Su = qc/Nk
= 250 kPa / 20
= 12.5 kPa

Tinggi kritis timbunan di atas tanah lunak dapat dihitung dengan formula :

H x FK = (c x Nc) / Υtimb
Dimana :
H = tinggi urugan maksimum (m)
FK = Faktor Keamanan (digunakan 1.25)
C = kohesi tanah asli = Su (kPa) (digunakan Su rata-rata 12.5 kPa)
Nc = faktor daya dukung (digunakan 5.7)
Υtimb = berat tanah timbunan (kN/m3) (digunakan 17 kPa)

Dari formula tersebut diperoleh tinggi kritis timbunan sebesar 3.35 m dengan
faktor keamanan 1.25.

Perlu dicatat bahwa selama proses konsolidasi, baik dengan metode Soil Preload
ataupun Vacuum Preloading, nilai Su ini akan naik secara bertahap akibat adanya
kompresi tanah. Akibat dari kenaikan nilai Su ini maka batasan tinggi kritis
timbunan juga akan meningkat secara bertahap.

Perbedaannya adalah pada Soil Preload nilai Su akan naik secara bertahap dalam
waktu yang cukup lama karena proses disipasi air pori terjadi secara lambat
sehingga diperlukan penimbunan bertahap. Namun pada Vacuum Preloading
(VCM), dikarenakan bekerja tekanan vacuum isotropis selama tekanan pompa
bekerja maka timbunan dapat dilakukan secara lebih cepat selama tekanan
isotripis bekerja, dan kondisi paling kritis adalah ketika pompa vakum dimatikan.

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Telp : +62 21 2931 9158 ; Fax : +62 21 2931 9157 ; Email : admin@geotekindo.com
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 LAMPIRAN A
HASIL CPT PADA STA 24+250 SAMPAI
DENGAN STA 24+375

Jl. Taman Aries Blok E1 no. 1Q, Meruya Utara, Kembangan, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia 11620
Telp : +62 21 2931 9158 ; Fax : +62 21 2931 9157 ; Email : admin@geotekindo.com
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 CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT) DATA
V 4.0 SOIL BEHAVIOUR TYPE (SBT)
depth [m] (input -1 to remove from chart)
Project : Toll Road Palembang - Kayu Agung Interval : 0,10 m (internal of each reading) Soft Soil Non-normalized
-1 CPT (after Robertson 2010a)
Location : Palembang, South Sumatera Depth : 7,60 m (depth of CPT test) 100,0
PVD -1
Date : 06-Jul-17 GWT : m (Ground Water Level) Sealing W -1
Point No : STA 24+250 Ground Elevation : m; qc limit = 0,80
Operator : Nico Notes : Soil backfill thickness is around 0 m Soft Soil
Cone Resistance, qc (MPa) Friction Ratio (%) SBT -1 -1
0,80 0 2,5 -1
0 1 2 3 4 5 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0,80 7,60 0 0

PVD
-1 -1
2 2 2

1,5 -1
10,0

Cone resistance, qc (Mpa)

4 4 4
Sealing
-1 -1
3,5 -1
6 6 6

8 8 8

10 10 10

1,0

12 12 12

14 14 14

16 16 16

18
0,1
18 18

0,1 1,0 10,0

20 20 20

Rf (%)
22 22 22

24 24 24

26 26

1 = Sensitive fine-grained;
26

2 = Clay - organic soil;

3 = Clay to clayey silt;
28 28
5 = Sand mixture;
28

6 = Sands;
7 = Dense - gravelly sand;
30 30
8 = Stiff sand;
30
 CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT) DATA
V 4.0 SOIL BEHAVIOUR TYPE (SBT)
depth [m] (input -1 to remove from chart)
Project : Toll Road Palembang - Kayu Agung Interval : 0,10 m (internal of each reading) Soft Soil Non-normalized
-1 CPT (after Robertson 2010a)
Location : Palembang, South Sumatera Depth : 5,60 m (depth of CPT test) 100,0
PVD -1
Date : 06-Jul-17 GWT : m (Ground Water Level) Sealing W -1
Point No : STA 24+300 Ground Elevation : m; qc limit = 0,80
Operator : Nico Notes : Soil backfill thickness is around 0 m Soft Soil
Cone Resistance, qc (MPa) Friction Ratio (%) SBT -1 -1
0,80 0 2,5 -1
0 1 2 3 4 5 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0,80 5,60 0 0

PVD
-1 -1
2 2 2

1,5 -1
10,0

Cone resistance, qc (Mpa)

4 4 4
Sealing
-1 -1
3,5 -1
6 6 6

8 8 8

10 10 10

1,0

12 12 12

14 14 14

16 16 16

18
0,1
18 18

0,1 1,0 10,0

20 20 20

Rf (%)
22 22 22

24 24 24

26 26

1 = Sensitive fine-grained;
26

2 = Clay - organic soil;

3 = Clay to clayey silt;
28 28
5 = Sand mixture;
28

6 = Sands;
7 = Dense - gravelly sand;
30 30
8 = Stiff sand;
30
 CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT) DATA
V 4.0 SOIL BEHAVIOUR TYPE (SBT)
depth [m] (input -1 to remove from chart)
Project : Toll Road Palembang - Kayu Agung Interval : 0,10 m (internal of each reading) Soft Soil Non-normalized
-1 CPT (after Robertson 2010a)
Location : Palembang, South Sumatera Depth : 7,20 m (depth of CPT test) 100,0
PVD -1
Date : 05-Jul-17 GWT : m (Ground Water Level) Sealing W -1
Point No : STA 24+350 Ground Elevation : m; qc limit = 0,80
Operator : Nico Notes : Soil backfill thickness is around 0 m Soft Soil
Cone Resistance, qc (MPa) Friction Ratio (%) SBT -1 -1
0,80 0 2,5 -1
0 1 2 3 4 5 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0,80 7,20 0 0

PVD
-1 -1
2 2 2

1,5 -1
10,0

Cone resistance, qc (Mpa)

4 4 4
Sealing
-1 -1
3,5 -1
6 6 6

8 8 8

10 10 10

1,0

12 12 12

14 14 14

16 16 16

18
0,1
18 18

0,1 1,0 10,0

20 20 20

Rf (%)
22 22 22

24 24 24

26 26

1 = Sensitive fine-grained;
26

2 = Clay - organic soil;

3 = Clay to clayey silt;
28 28
5 = Sand mixture;
28

6 = Sands;
7 = Dense - gravelly sand;
30 30
8 = Stiff sand;
30
 CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT) DATA
V 4.0 SOIL BEHAVIOUR TYPE (SBT)
depth [m] (input -1 to remove from chart)
Project : KAT-1 Interval : 0,10 m (internal of each reading) Soft Soil Non-normalized
-1 CPT (after Robertson 2010a)
Location : Palembang, South Sumatera Depth : 20,00 m (depth of CPT test) 100,0
PVD -1
Date : 27-Okt-17 GWT : m (Ground Water Level) Sealing W -1
Point No : STA 24+375 Ground Elevation : m; qc limit = 0,80
Operator : Yang Yi Cong Notes : Sand Backfill is 0.5m Soft Soil
Cone Resistance, qc (MPa) Friction Ratio (%) SBT -1 -1
0,80 0 2,5 -1
0 1 2 3 4 5 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0,80 20,00 0 0

PVD
-1 -1
2 2 2

1,5 -1
10,0

Cone resistance, qc (Mpa)

4 4 4
Sealing
-1 -1
3,5 -1
6 6 6

8 8 8

10 10 10

1,0

12 12 12

14 14 14

16 16 16

18
0,1
18 18

0,1 1,0 10,0

20 20 20

Rf (%)
22 22 22

24 24 24

26 26

1 = Sensitive fine-grained;
26

2 = Clay - organic soil;

3 = Clay to clayey silt;
28 28
5 = Sand mixture;
28

6 = Sands;
7 = Dense - gravelly sand;
30 30
8 = Stiff sand;
30
 Tabel : korelasi konsistensi tanah lempung dengan nilai SPT, Su dan CPT (nilai qc)

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Telp : +62 21 2931 9158 ; Fax : +62 21 2931 9157 ; Email : admin@geotekindo.com
www.geotekindo.com
 LAMPIRAN B
HASIL PERHITUNGAN SOIL PRELOADING
DARI STA 24+250 SAMPAI DENGAN STA
24+375

Jl. Taman Aries Blok E1 no. 1Q, Meruya Utara, Kembangan, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia 11620
Telp : +62 21 2931 9158 ; Fax : +62 21 2931 9157 ; Email : admin@geotekindo.com
www.geotekindo.com
 SOIL PRELOADING CALCULATION SHEET
PT. Geotekindo
V.3.1
PROJECT NAME : Kayu Agung-Palembang-Betung Toll Road Project-Section 1
LOCATION : Palembang
OWNER : PT. Waskita Karya
AREA / POINT ID : STA 24+250
DATE : 17 January 2017

STEP 1 : Calculation of total backfill with 1.20 load ratio rule.

Initial ground elevation : + 2,408
Top Sub-grade elevation : + 4,835
Levelling backfill height : 2,427 m

Improvement thickness : 5,000 m

Estimated settlement : 7,0% 0,350 m

Platform elevation : + 4,813 (PVD installation elevation)

Traffic load : 15,00 kPa

Pavement load : 5,63 kPa
Sub-base load 11,76 kPa
Soil Surcharge : 3,100 m
LOAD RATIO : 1,22 (MUST > 1.2)

Description Unit weight Operational Improvement

Thickness (m)
(kN/m3) Load (kPa) Load (kPa)

Traffic load 15,00 -

Hotmix pavement or rigid pavement load 0,250 22,5 5,63 -
Sub-base load 0,600 19,6 11,76 -
Platform backfill (to PVD installation level) 2,405 16 38,48 38,48
Leveling Backfill (from PVD installation level) 0,022 16 0,35 0,35
Settlement Compensation Backfill 0,350 16 5,60 5,60
Soil Surcharge 3,100 16 - 49,60
TOTAL LOAD on top of original soil 76,82 94,03
LOAD RATIO 1,22 (MUST > 1.2)

STEP 2 : Calculation Result in "level" and "backfill thickness" Output.

Level Initial ground elevation :
Output : Platform elevation :
Total fill elevation :
Estimated settlement :
Soil Surcharge unload :
Final elevation :
+ 2,408
+ 4,813
+ 8,285 (backfill for levelling + settlement compensation + soil surcharge)
0,350 m
3,100 m
+ 4,835

Thickness Platform fill thickness : 2,405 m

Output : Soil Surcharge : 3,100 m (from Top Sub-Grade Elevation)
Fill on top of PVD level : 3,472 m (backfill for lvl. + settl. comp + soil surcharge)
Total backfill (from OGL) : 8,977 m
Estimated surcharge will unload : 3,100 m
Permanent backfill after unload : 5,877 m

Sketch of backfill layer during improvement Sketch if backfill layer and pavement after improvement
+7,935
Soil surcharge = 3,1 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Pavement = 0,25 m; unit weight = 22,5 kN/m3
+4,835 Sub-base = 0,6 m; unit weight = 19,6 kN/m3
Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022 +4,485
m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022
+4,813
Platform backfill = 2,405 m; unit weight = 16 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3
+4,463
kN/m3 Platform backfill = 2,405 m; unit weight = 16
+2,408
kN/m3 +2,058
Original ground level
Original ground level
 SOIL PRELOADING CALCULATION SHEET
PT. Geotekindo
V.3.1
PROJECT NAME : Kayu Agung-Palembang-Betung Toll Road Project-Section 1
LOCATION : Palembang
OWNER : PT. Waskita Karya
AREA / POINT ID : STA 24+300
DATE : 17 January 2017

STEP 1 : Calculation of total backfill with 1.20 load ratio rule.

Initial ground elevation : + 2,672
Top Sub-grade elevation : + 4,720
Levelling backfill height : 2,048 m

Improvement thickness : 5,000 m

Estimated settlement : 7,0% 0,350 m

Platform elevation : + 4,698 (PVD installation elevation)

Traffic load : 15,00 kPa

Pavement load : 5,63 kPa
Sub-base load 11,76 kPa
Soil Surcharge : 3,000 m
LOAD RATIO : 1,22 (MUST > 1.2)

Description Unit weight Operational Improvement

Thickness (m)
(kN/m3) Load (kPa) Load (kPa)

Traffic load 15,00 -

Hotmix pavement or rigid pavement load 0,250 22,5 5,63 -
Sub-base load 0,600 19,6 11,76 -
Platform backfill (to PVD installation level) 2,026 16 32,42 32,42
Leveling Backfill (from PVD installation level) 0,022 16 0,35 0,35
Settlement Compensation Backfill 0,350 16 5,60 5,60
Soil Surcharge 3,000 16 - 48,00
TOTAL LOAD on top of original soil 70,75 86,37
LOAD RATIO 1,22 (MUST > 1.2)

STEP 2 : Calculation Result in "level" and "backfill thickness" Output.

Level Initial ground elevation :
Output : Platform elevation :
Total fill elevation :
Estimated settlement :
Soil Surcharge unload :
Final elevation :
+ 2,672
+ 4,698
+ 8,070 (backfill for levelling + settlement compensation + soil surcharge)
0,350 m
3,000 m
+ 4,720

Thickness Platform fill thickness : 2,026 m

Output : Soil Surcharge : 3,000 m (from Top Sub-Grade Elevation)
Fill on top of PVD level : 3,372 m (backfill for lvl. + settl. comp + soil surcharge)
Total backfill (from OGL) : 8,398 m
Estimated surcharge will unload : 3,000 m
Permanent backfill after unload : 5,398 m

Sketch of backfill layer during improvement Sketch if backfill layer and pavement after improvement
+7,72
Soil surcharge = 3 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Pavement = 0,25 m; unit weight = 22,5 kN/m3
+4,72 Sub-base = 0,6 m; unit weight = 19,6 kN/m3
Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022 +4,37
m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022
+4,698
Platform backfill = 2,026 m; unit weight = 16 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3
+4,348
kN/m3 Platform backfill = 2,026 m; unit weight = 16
+2,672
kN/m3 +2,322
Original ground level
Original ground level
 SOIL PRELOADING CALCULATION SHEET
PT. Geotekindo
V.3.1
PROJECT NAME : Kayu Agung-Palembang-Betung Toll Road Project-Section 1
LOCATION : Palembang
OWNER : PT. Waskita Karya
AREA / POINT ID : STA 24+350
DATE : 17 January 2017

STEP 1 : Calculation of total backfill with 1.20 load ratio rule.

Initial ground elevation : + 2,601
Top Sub-grade elevation : + 4,570
Levelling backfill height : 1,969 m

Improvement thickness : 4,500 m

Estimated settlement : 7,0% 0,315 m

Platform elevation : + 4,548 (PVD installation elevation)

Traffic load : 15,00 kPa

Pavement load : 5,63 kPa
Sub-base load 11,76 kPa
Soil Surcharge : 3,000 m
LOAD RATIO : 1,23 (MUST > 1.2)

Description Unit weight Operational Improvement

Thickness (m)
(kN/m3) Load (kPa) Load (kPa)

Traffic load 15,00 -

Hotmix pavement or rigid pavement load 0,250 22,5 5,63 -
Sub-base load 0,600 19,6 11,76 -
Platform backfill (to PVD installation level) 1,947 16 31,15 31,15
Leveling Backfill (from PVD installation level) 0,022 16 0,35 0,35
Settlement Compensation Backfill 0,315 16 5,04 5,04
Soil Surcharge 3,000 16 - 48,00
TOTAL LOAD on top of original soil 68,93 84,54
LOAD RATIO 1,23 (MUST > 1.2)

STEP 2 : Calculation Result in "level" and "backfill thickness" Output.

Level Initial ground elevation :
Output : Platform elevation :
Total fill elevation :
Estimated settlement :
Soil Surcharge unload :
Final elevation :
+ 2,601
+ 4,548
+ 7,885 (backfill for levelling + settlement compensation + soil surcharge)
0,315 m
3,000 m
+ 4,570

Thickness Platform fill thickness : 1,947 m

Output : Soil Surcharge : 3,000 m (from Top Sub-Grade Elevation)
Fill on top of PVD level : 3,337 m (backfill for lvl. + settl. comp + soil surcharge)
Total backfill (from OGL) : 8,284 m
Estimated surcharge will unload : 3,000 m
Permanent backfill after unload : 5,284 m

Sketch of backfill layer during improvement Sketch if backfill layer and pavement after improvement
+7,57
Soil surcharge = 3 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Pavement = 0,25 m; unit weight = 22,5 kN/m3
+4,57 Sub-base = 0,6 m; unit weight = 19,6 kN/m3
Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022 +4,255
m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022
+4,548
Platform backfill = 1,947 m; unit weight = 16 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3
+4,233
kN/m3 Platform backfill = 1,947 m; unit weight = 16
+2,601
kN/m3 +2,286
Original ground level
Original ground level
 SOIL PRELOADING CALCULATION SHEET
PT. Geotekindo
V.3.1
PROJECT NAME : Kayu Agung-Palembang-Betung Toll Road Project-Section 1
LOCATION : Palembang
OWNER : PT. Waskita Karya
AREA / POINT ID : STA 24+375
DATE : 17 January 2017

STEP 1 : Calculation of total backfill with 1.20 load ratio rule.

Initial ground elevation : + 2,519
Top Sub-grade elevation : + 4,495
Levelling backfill height : 1,976 m

Improvement thickness : 4,000 m

Estimated settlement : 7,0% 0,280 m

Platform elevation : + 4,473 (PVD installation elevation)

Traffic load : 15,00 kPa

Pavement load : 5,63 kPa
Sub-base load 11,76 kPa
Soil Surcharge : 3,000 m
LOAD RATIO : 1,23 (MUST > 1.2)

Description Unit weight Operational Improvement

Thickness (m)
(kN/m3) Load (kPa) Load (kPa)

Traffic load 15,00 -

Hotmix pavement or rigid pavement load 0,250 22,5 5,63 -
Sub-base load 0,600 19,6 11,76 -
Platform backfill (to PVD installation level) 1,954 16 31,26 31,26
Leveling Backfill (from PVD installation level) 0,022 16 0,35 0,35
Settlement Compensation Backfill 0,280 16 4,48 4,48
Soil Surcharge 3,000 16 - 48,00
TOTAL LOAD on top of original soil 68,48 84,10
LOAD RATIO 1,23 (MUST > 1.2)

STEP 2 : Calculation Result in "level" and "backfill thickness" Output.

Level Initial ground elevation :
Output : Platform elevation :
Total fill elevation :
Estimated settlement :
Soil Surcharge unload :
Final elevation :
+ 2,519
+ 4,473
+ 7,775 (backfill for levelling + settlement compensation + soil surcharge)
0,280 m
3,000 m
+ 4,495

Thickness Platform fill thickness : 1,954 m

Output : Soil Surcharge : 3,000 m (from Top Sub-Grade Elevation)
Fill on top of PVD level : 3,302 m (backfill for lvl. + settl. comp + soil surcharge)
Total backfill (from OGL) : 8,256 m
Estimated surcharge will unload : 3,000 m
Permanent backfill after unload : 5,256 m

Sketch of backfill layer during improvement Sketch if backfill layer and pavement after improvement
+7,495
Soil surcharge = 3 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Pavement = 0,25 m; unit weight = 22,5 kN/m3
+4,495 Sub-base = 0,6 m; unit weight = 19,6 kN/m3
Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022 +4,215
m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3 Backfill on top of PVD installation level = 0,022
+4,473
Platform backfill = 1,954 m; unit weight = 16 m; unit weight = 16 kN/m3
+4,193
kN/m3 Platform backfill = 1,954 m; unit weight = 16
+2,519
kN/m3 +2,239
Original ground level
Original ground level