Name : Dave Yosafat Benaya S

Class : TI RP 20C

NPM : 20262011048

I. WILL

“will” dalam bahasa Inggris mempunyai arti “kemauan, keinginan, ingin, akan” fungsi will juga masih
sama seperti arti dasar. Dalam pola kalimatnya menyatakan suatu kegiatan dimasa yang akan datang,
namun itu hanya sebatas keinginan.

WILL = akan

We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking :

     Oh, I've left the door open. I'll go and shut it.

We often use will in these situations :

- offering to do something
      I'll help you.

- agreeing to do something
      A: Can I have my book back if you've finished with it?
      B: Of course. I'll give it to you this afternoon.

- promising to do something
      I won't tell anyone what happened. I promise.

- asking somebody to do something

      Will you please be quiet?
 II. SHOULD (SEHARUSNYA/SEBAIKNYA/AKAN)

“should” digunakan untuk menyatakan saran. Kata should sendiri merupakan bentuk lampau dari
shall,namun cara penggunaannya sedikit berbeda. Penggunaan shall biasanya digunakan bersamaan
dengan subjek We. Kata should dapat digunakan untuk mengekspresikan suatu tugas atau sesuatu yang
memiliki keharusan untuk dilakukan.

 Sesuatu yang baik untuk dilakukan

 Memberi nasihat/pendapat
 Tidak sekuat MUST

 Formula: (+) S + should + V1 + O + A

(-) shouldn’t
(?) Should + S + V1 + O + A?

 Example: You look tired.

You should go to bed.

 Past: should have

 Tidak melakukan di masa lampau tetapi akan menjadi baik jika dulu dilakukan

 Example:
It was a great party last night.
You should have come.
 III. MAY (BISA / BOLEH / MUNGKIN)

“may” dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan dimasa sekarang dan masa depan.

May dapat digunakan untuk meminta izin (permission).

Mengatakan sesuatu yang merupakan kemungkinan

Formula :

 (+) S + may/might + V1/be + O + A

It may be true.

 (-) may not / might not / mightn’t

Ann may not come to the party tonight.

 (?) May/Might + S + V1/be + O + A ?

May I go to Ireland?

Past form : may/might have

Synonym :

May = Perhaps (Barangkali)

Example:
 Perhaps Margaret is in her office.

She may be in her office.

Exercise :

1. Perhaps Margaret is busy. She may be busy.

2. Perhaps she is working. She might be working.

3. Perhaps she wants to be alone. She may want to be alone.

4. Perhaps she was ill yesterday. She might have been ill yesterday.

5. Perhaps she went home early. She may have gone home early.

IV. MUST

Must = harus

“must” adalah modal yang kita gunakan untuk menyatakan keharusan dan kesimpulan. Fungsi
penggunaan “must” yaitu untuk menunjukkan bahwa kamu harus melakukan suatu yang sangat penting
atau suatu peraturan.

S + must + V1 + O + A

be + Adj/N/Adv

Definition:

 1. Menyatakan yang kita merasa yakin itu benar (= PASTI)

Example :

My house is very near the motorway. It must be very noisy.

You’ve been travelling all day. You must be tired.

>< CAN’T

 2. Perlu untuk melakukan sesuatu (= HARUS)

 Example :

I must go.

>< MUST NOT / MUSTN’T

Past Form:

Must/mustn’t have, can’t have

Example :

The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. I must have been asleep.

Synonym:

MUST = HAVE TO

 Must  personal feelings

She’s a really nice person. You must meet her.

 Have to  impersonal (for facts/ rules)

You can’t turn right here. You have to turn left.

V. CAN

“can” mempunyai arti kata “dapat dan bisa”.

Fungsi utama dari kata “can” ini adalah berbicara tentang sebuah atau suatu kemampuan.

Kamu dapat menggunakan can untuk menyatakan suatu kemungkinan maupun ketidakmungkinan
seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu.

Menunjukkan kemampuan (ability) seseorang

Formula:

 (+) S + can + V1 + O + A

 (-) S + can’t + V1 + O + A

 (?) Can + S + V1 + O + A ?

 EXAMPLE :

We can see the lake from the window

We can’t see the lake from the window

Can we see the lake from the window?

Can = Be Able To:

 (+) S + (can / be able to) + V1 + O + A

 (-) S + be not + able to + V1 + O + A

 (?) Be + S + able to + V1 + O + A ?

EXAMPLE :

We are able to see the lake from the window

We aren’t able to see the lake from the window

Are we able to see the lake from the window?

FUNCTION OF ‘ABLE TO’

 PERFECT TENSE :

I have been able to sleep recently

 With other MODAL :

Tom may be able to come tomorrow

Past Form:

 Could

 Was/were able to

 Could have

Example :

I’m so tired. I couldn’t sleep for a week

I was so tired. I couldn’t have slept for a week.

Could vs Was/Were Able To:

 Could  general ability

 Was/were able to  in a spectacular situation

Example :

Jack was an excellent tennis player.

He could beat anybody.

But in the end of game, Alf was able to beat him.